Franklin LL et al.[25];2006
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Sweden
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To explore the views on dignity at the end of life of 12 older adults living in nursing homes
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nursing homes
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Participated: n = 12 (10 women and 2 men) Eligible: residents were inan early palliative phase
; able to talk; did not suffer from memory loss, understood the purpose of the study and the meaning of their participation
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Hermeneutic approach to semi-structured interviews;
Data collection and analysis were carried out according to the principles described by Odman.
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(1) the unrecognizable body;
(2) fragility and dependency (3) inner strength and a sense of coherence
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Hall S et al.[26]; 2012
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UK
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To explore and compare participants’ views on taking part in a mixed methods phase II randomized controlled trial of dignity therapy
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Living in nursing/care homes
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Participated: n = 60 (male = 20, female = 40 ) Eligible: residents at 1-week follow-up, at 8-week follow-up, no major cognitive impairment
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Face-to-face semi-structured interviews;
Using the framework approach to analysis.
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(1) impact on residents; (2) Generativity;(3)Reminiscence;(4) Refocusing; (5) Making a contribution; (6) Interaction with the researcher or therapist;(7) Cognitive impairment; (8) Changes over time
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Hall S et al.[27];2009
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UK
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To explore the generalisability of the dignity model to older people in nursing homes
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older people living in one of two care homes with nursing in London.
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Participated: n = 18 Eligible: aged 75 and over and able to speak English.
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Qualitative descriptive approach; Qualitative content analysis was used.
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(1) illness-related concerns; (2) Dignity conserving repertoire; (3) social aspects of the illness;(4) experience and dignity conserving repertoire
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Harrefors C et al.[28];2009
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Sweden
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To describe older adults’ perceptions of how they wanted to be cared for
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from six different places in northern Sweden, representing three villages and
three cities
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Participated: n = 12 (elderly 24 participants) Eligible: more than 70 years old living in couplehood at the same address for at least 5 years, no professional work at the time of the interview, receiving no kind of professional care.
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Open individual tape-recorded interviews, based on the anticipatory research tradition;
Analyzed in a step-by-step process using qualitative content analysis
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(1) Professional care at nursing home when advanced care is needed;(2) Fear of being abandoned;(3) Maintaining the self and being cared for with dignity to the end
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Hasegawa N et al.[29];2019
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Japan
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To characterize the concept of dignity in care for elderly subjects in residential facilities
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in a private room such as a resident's room or conference room and attended only
by the resident and the interviewer (NH)
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Participated: n = 12(Male = 3, female = 9) Eligible:(1) residing in the facility for > 8 weeks, (2) meeting the“Condition of Need for Long-Term Care” according to the assessment of care requirement of Japan, (3) no diagnosis of dementia, stable physical and mental health, and the ability to answer interview questions.
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In-depth interviews;
Analyzed based on hermeneutic phenomenological research
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(1) individual dignity not affected by others; (2) dignified care in a narrow sense; (3) elements of the staff side; (4) dignity in relation to family members, friends, society, and other residents; and dignity in relation to nursing care facilities and the nursing care system
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Høy B et al.[30];2016
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Denmark
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To illuminate the meaning of maintaining dignity as narrated by residents
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wards, residents’ rooms
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Participated:n = 28 (male = 7 men, female = 21) Eligible:(a) able to communicate and give informed consent, (b) reside permanently in a nursing home for at least two months, (c) be considered able to complete an interview, and (d) be interested in and willing to speak about their situation.
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Based on individual interviews and a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach inspired by Ricoeur; Analysis using the spiral-like hermeneutic process of interpretation.
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(1) Being involved as a human being; (2) being involved as the person one is and strives to become; (3) Being involved as an integrated member of the society
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Oosterveld-Vlug MG et al.[31];2013
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Netherlands
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To gain insight into the way nursing home residents experience personal
dignity and the factors that preserve or undermine it
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took place in the nursing homes, medical wards
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Participated:n = 22(Male = 8, Female = 14) Eligible: Only residents who were recently admitted to a long stay unit for residents with physical diseases, able to understand the study and give informed consent, and speak comprehensibly in Dutch were asked to participate in the study
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In-depth interviews guided by a topic list;
Data were analyzed following the principles of thematic analysis.
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(1) good professional care;(2) a supportive social network༛(3) nursing home staff, relatives and society should pay more attention to the way they treat them
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Oosterveld-Vlug MG et al.[32];2013
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Netherlands
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To investigate if and how nursing home residents’ dignity changes over time and what contributes to this
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took place in the nursing homes, medical wards
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Participated: n = 30 (Male = 12, Female = 18 ) Eligible:Those who were recently admitted to a long-stay unit for residents with physical illnesses could understand the study, give informed consent, and speak comprehensibly in Dutch.
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In-depth interviews guided by a topic list; Data were analyzed following the principles of thematic analysis.
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(1) finding a way to cope with one’s situation; (2) getting acquainted with the new living structures in the nursing home and therefore feeling more at ease; (3) physical improvement (with or without an electric wheelchair)
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Sæteren B et al.[33]; 2016
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Denmark; Sweden༛ Norway
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To acquire a deeper
understanding of what older nursing home residents do to preserve their dignity
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from 6 different nursing homes in Scandinavia
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Participated: n = 28 (Male = 8, Female = 20)
Eligible:Older people in the nursing home
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Open-ended qualitative interviews;
Data were analyzed with hermeneutic phenomenological methods.
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(1)the residents tried to expand their life space, both physical and ontological, in order to experience health and dignity; (2) Striving for inner freedom and autonomy; (3) Striving for a meaningful life
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Walker H et al.[34];2016
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Australia
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To investigate the lived experience of older people in residential aged care
facilities
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high-care RACFs in Victoria
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Participated:n = 18(Male = 8,Female = 10) Eligible: People with moderate to advanced dementia
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Phenomenological approach; semi-structured individual interviews;
Transcripts were analyzed thematically to discover the phenomenon's essence using strategies suggested by van Manen.
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(1) loss of autonomy,dignity and control; (2) valuing important relationships;and (3) resigned acceptance
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Caspari S et al.[35];2018
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Denmark; Sweden; Norway
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To present results from interviews with older people living in nursing
homes, on how they experience freedom
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nursing homes;
rooms
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Participated:n = 28(Male = 8,Female = 20)Eligible: not suffer from cognitive impairment or dementia; needed to be mentally well-functioning, clear-minded, able to provide written informed consent
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Explorative design; depth interviews;
Data were analyzed and interpreted according to Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics.
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(1) autonomy or paternalism; (2) inner and outer freedom; (3) dependence as an extra burden
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Slettebø Å et al.[36];2017
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Scandinavia
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To examine how nursing home residents experience
dignity through the provision of activities that foster
meaning and joy in their daily life.
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nursing homes
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Participated:n = 28 ( male = 8, female = 20) Eligible:Who had been living for at least one year in one of the seven facilities
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Individual semi-structured interviews; Descriptive design using Kvale and Brinkmann’s content analysis method.
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(1) fostering dignity through meaningful participation and (2) fostering dignity through experiencing enjoyable individualised activities
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Donnelly L et al.[37];2016
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Canada
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To explore qualitatively how residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities feel about and adapt to the care
they receive
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Residents in seven facilities
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Participated:n = 23(Male = 7,Female = 16 )Eligible: Participants from the group of residents who had been living for at least one year in one of the seven facilities
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Qualitative interviews guided by an analytical framework;
Analysis influenced by Barber’s theory of human relationships.
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(1) the caring environment, (2) preservation of dignity, and (3) maintenance of personal autonomy
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Pleschberger S
et al.[38];2007
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Germany
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To explore the meaning of dignity concerning end-of-life issues from the perspective of an elderly nursing home
residents in western Germany
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Nursing homes
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Participated:n = 20(Male = 5, Female = 15)Eligible: Level of needed care༈According to the German Care-Allowances-Scheme༉; Age; Gender; Nearby family existent
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Based on the Grounded Theory Approach; narrative interviews;
Analysis of the transcripts was supported by Atlas/ti program and followed several different coding procedures.
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(1) being active to the very last, (2) respecting one’s will and beingallowed to die, (3) not being in pain, (4) being amongst persons close to one (valediction and showing respect)
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