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Research
Simone Miranda da Costa
Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz
Corresponding Author
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Background
In Brazil, due to new and complex epidemiologic scenarios, the focal and dynamic transmissions of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) occur in different patterns, depending on location. An important example of this phenomenon is the widespread distribution and various behavior patterns of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani, a vector that transmits three types of dermatropic leishmaniases: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis. This study aims to correlate different types of Brazilian vegetation with the spatial distribution of L. (N.) whitmani in the areas representing Spatial Circuits of Production for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL).
Methods
In order to evaluate the ACL vigilance and monitoring model in Brazil, the Ministry of Health has analyzed the Spatial Circuit of the disease until 2013, currently adopting a classification of ACL transmission in municipalities that is based on the composite indicator of tegumentary leishmaniasis (ICLT). For this study, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to integrate the layers of L. (N.) whitmani’s geographic distribution with vegetation cover and Spatial Circuits of ACL in Brazilian municipalities.
Results
Out of the 5570 Brazilian municipalities here analyzed, information on the L. (N.) whitmani was found for 862. The vector occurred in nearly all types of vegetation, with a widespread distribution in: Dense Ombrophilous Forests, Open Ombrophilous Forests (or transition forests), Seasonal Decidual Forests (or deciduous woods), Seasonal Semidecidual Forests (semideciduous woods) and Steppe. The vector was not found in Oligotrophic Woody Vegetation of the Marshes and of Sand Accumulation.
Conclusions
This ample presence of the vector reinforces the hypothesis that L. (N.) whitmani is a notable species, that can easily adapt to different environments.
Keywords
Lutzomyia whitmani, Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, Spatial Circuits, Vegetation cover, Environmental change
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 11 Mar, 2021
Community comments: 1
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
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On 03 Mar, 2021
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On 03 Mar, 2021
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On 03 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 24 Feb, 2021
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Subject Areas
Parasitology
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This preprint is under consideration at Parasites & Vectors. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Simone Miranda da Costa
Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 11 Mar, 2021
Community comments: 1
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 03 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 03 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 24 Feb, 2021
Subject Areas
Parasitology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
In Brazil, due to new and complex epidemiologic scenarios, the focal and dynamic transmissions of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) occur in different patterns, depending on location. An important example of this phenomenon is the widespread distribution and various behavior patterns of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani, a vector that transmits three types of dermatropic leishmaniases: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis. This study aims to correlate different types of Brazilian vegetation with the spatial distribution of L. (N.) whitmani in the areas representing Spatial Circuits of Production for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL).
Methods
In order to evaluate the ACL vigilance and monitoring model in Brazil, the Ministry of Health has analyzed the Spatial Circuit of the disease until 2013, currently adopting a classification of ACL transmission in municipalities that is based on the composite indicator of tegumentary leishmaniasis (ICLT). For this study, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to integrate the layers of L. (N.) whitmani’s geographic distribution with vegetation cover and Spatial Circuits of ACL in Brazilian municipalities.
Results
Out of the 5570 Brazilian municipalities here analyzed, information on the L. (N.) whitmani was found for 862. The vector occurred in nearly all types of vegetation, with a widespread distribution in: Dense Ombrophilous Forests, Open Ombrophilous Forests (or transition forests), Seasonal Decidual Forests (or deciduous woods), Seasonal Semidecidual Forests (semideciduous woods) and Steppe. The vector was not found in Oligotrophic Woody Vegetation of the Marshes and of Sand Accumulation.
Conclusions
This ample presence of the vector reinforces the hypothesis that L. (N.) whitmani is a notable species, that can easily adapt to different environments.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
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