See the published version of this preprint at Inflammopharmacology.
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Research Article
Alakendu Ghosh
Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-9703
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation mediated angiogenesis in synovial tissue, leading to apoptotic retardation and enhanced cell survival in synovial fibroblasts. Methotrexate (MTX) can reduce selective pro-inflammatory cytokines but unable to restore disrupted homeostasis between autophagy and apoptosis in fd-FLS.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of black tea compound TF3 along with MTX upon fluid derived (fd)-FLS to induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy through ER stress-mediated pathways.
Methods: FLS sourced from synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA (n=11) and osteoarthritis (OA) (n=10) were cultured following treatment with MTX/TF3 or in combination and underlying mechanisms were investigated. Extracellular inflammatory markers like CRP and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), angiogenic markers (VEGF, ANG-1) were quantified by ELISA. Cell viability of cultured fd-FLS was determined by MTT assay. fd-FLS treated with MTX/TF3 or combination of MTX(125nM) and TF3(10µM), followed by apoptosis measurement by flow cytometry. ER stress associated markers were quantified by RT-PCR (IRE1A and spliced-XBP-1) and immunoblotting (Grp78, Hsp70, CHOP, HIF1-α). Apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspases) and autophagic proteins (Beclin1, LC3b and p62) were quantified by immunoblot study.
Results: MTX and TF3 both in single doses (IC25) could down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic markers. Combination treatment modulated ER stress response and blocked the auto-phagmosomal proteins in fd-FLS and induced apoptosis.
Conclusion: Disruption in homeostasis between apoptosis and autophagy might be an underlying phenomenon in the progression of pathophysiology in fd-FLS. The combined administration of MTX and TF3 successfully balanced the homeostasis by inducing apoptosis.
Keywords
Rheumatoid arthritis, Fibroblast like synoviocytes, hypoxia, angiogenesis, Endoplasmic reticulum stress, Apoptosis/Autophagy imbalance, TF3, MTX
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- Table1.ppt
Table-1: Clinical data of RA (n=11) and OA (n=10) patients from synovial fluid. Data expressed as mean ± SD. * represents p value <0.05 which is considered as significant. **represents median value (inter-quartile range). Anti-CCP = Anti-citrullinated protein antibody; CRP = C-reactive protein; DAS 28-CRP Disease activity Score 28.
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View the published article at Inflammopharmacology.
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See the published version of this preprint at Inflammopharmacology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Alakendu Ghosh
Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-9703
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Inflammopharmacology.
Version 1
Posted 12 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviews received
Received 10 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 07 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 26 Feb, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Inflammopharmacology.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation mediated angiogenesis in synovial tissue, leading to apoptotic retardation and enhanced cell survival in synovial fibroblasts. Methotrexate (MTX) can reduce selective pro-inflammatory cytokines but unable to restore disrupted homeostasis between autophagy and apoptosis in fd-FLS.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of black tea compound TF3 along with MTX upon fluid derived (fd)-FLS to induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy through ER stress-mediated pathways.
Methods: FLS sourced from synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA (n=11) and osteoarthritis (OA) (n=10) were cultured following treatment with MTX/TF3 or in combination and underlying mechanisms were investigated. Extracellular inflammatory markers like CRP and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), angiogenic markers (VEGF, ANG-1) were quantified by ELISA. Cell viability of cultured fd-FLS was determined by MTT assay. fd-FLS treated with MTX/TF3 or combination of MTX(125nM) and TF3(10µM), followed by apoptosis measurement by flow cytometry. ER stress associated markers were quantified by RT-PCR (IRE1A and spliced-XBP-1) and immunoblotting (Grp78, Hsp70, CHOP, HIF1-α). Apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspases) and autophagic proteins (Beclin1, LC3b and p62) were quantified by immunoblot study.
Results: MTX and TF3 both in single doses (IC25) could down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic markers. Combination treatment modulated ER stress response and blocked the auto-phagmosomal proteins in fd-FLS and induced apoptosis.
Conclusion: Disruption in homeostasis between apoptosis and autophagy might be an underlying phenomenon in the progression of pathophysiology in fd-FLS. The combined administration of MTX and TF3 successfully balanced the homeostasis by inducing apoptosis.
Figure 1
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