American Public Health Association (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (22nd ed). Washington, D.C.
American Society for Testing Materials (2008) Standard practice for coagulation-flocculation jar test of water (D2035-08).
Angle CW, Smith-Palmer T, Wentzell BR (1997) The effects of cationic polymers on flocculation of a coal thickener feed in washery water as a function of pH. J Appl Polym Sci 64(4):783-789.
Ash PN, Rao RRS (1972) Studies on coal preparation in India. Dhanbad: Central Fuel Research Institute.
Bolto B, Gregory J (2007) Organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment. Water Res 41:2301–2324. doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.012
Dao VH, Cameron NR, Saito K (2016) Synthesis, properties and performance of organic polymers employed in flocculation applications. Polym Chem 7:11–25. doi.org/10.1039/c5py01572c
Das B, Prakash S, Biswal SK, Reddy PSR (2006) Settling characteristics of coal washery tailings using synthetic polyelectrolytes with fine magnetite. J S Afr I Min Metall 106:707-712.
Duong C, Choung J, Xu Z, Szymanski J (2000) A novel process for recovering clean coal and water from coal tailings. Miner Eng 13(2):173–181.
Gregory J (1989) Fundamental of Flocculation. Crit Rev Environ control 19(3):225-230.
Gregory J (2013) Flocculation Fundamentals. Encyclopedia of Colloid and Interface Science, ed. T. Tadros, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 459-624. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20665-8
Gungoren C, Baktarhan Y, Kursun I, Ozkan SG, Ozdemir O (2017) Determination of floc size and strength of fine coal tailings using laser diffraction technique. Int Symposium Mining Environ (ISME conference), 27-29 September 2017, 609-16 Bodrum/Turkey.
Gupta RK, Singh G (1995) Water pollution profile of coal washeries. Pollut Res 14(2):203-213.
Haiyang X, Jing L, Renjie F, Cheng R, Wang S, Zhang J (2017) Flocculation of coal washing wastewater using polysaccharide produced by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus WL412. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2017) 24:28132–28141. doi 10.1007/s11356-017-0340-4
Hogg R (2000) Flocculation and dewatering. Int J Miner Process 58:223-236.
IS 2490-1 (1981) Tolerance limits for industrial effluent. New Delhi: Bureau of India Standards (BIS).
Kapse G, Patoliya P, Samadder SR (2017) Characterisation of coal washery effluent and optimization of coagulation behaviour of Moringa oleifera seed as a coagulant. Environ Monit Assess 189:133. doi 10.1007/s10661-017-5844-3.
Khandal RK (1985) Effect of coagulants on flocculation of coal fines by polymer flocculants. Proc. Indian natn Sci Acad 51:863-871.
Lee CS, Robinson J, Chong MF (2014) A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment. Process Saf Environ Prot 92:489–508. doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2014.04.010
Littlefair MJ, Lowe NRS (1986) On the selective flocculation of coal using polystyrene latex. Int J Miner Process 17:187-203.
Moosavirad SM, Shankara M, Janardhana MR (2010) Geochemistry of coal washery effluents in Zarand region, Kerman province, South-east of Iran. Asian J Environ Sci 5(2):144-148.
Moyakhe DM, Campbell QP, Fosso-Kankeu E (2017) The effect of flocculant type on settling properties of fine coal tailings. 9th Int'l Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering, Technology & Waste Management (ASETWM-17) Nov. 27-28, 2017 Parys, South Africa.
Negro C, Blanco A, Fuente E, Sanchez LM (2005) Influence of flocculant molecular weight and anionic charge on flocculation behaviour and on the manufacture of fibre cement composites by the Hatschek process. Cement and Concrete Research 35(11):2095-2103. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.03.004
Oruç F, Ozgen S, Sabah E (2010) An enhanced-gravity method to recover ultra-fine coal from tailings: Falcon concentrator. Fuel 89(9):2433-2437.
Osborne DG (1978) Recovery of slimes by a combination of selective flocculation and flotation. Miner Process Extr Metall 87:189-193.
Ozkan A, Oner B, Onen V, Duzyol S (2016) Flocculation of coal suspension with mono/dual polymer systems and contribution of Ca(II)/Mg(II) ions. Sep Sci Technol 51(1):106-114.
Ozkan A, Yekeler M (2004) Coagulation and flocculation characteristics of celestite with different inorganic salts and polymers. Chem Eng Process 43:873– 879.
Pal S, Sen G, Karmakar NC, Mal D, Singh RP (2008) High performance flocculating agents based on cationic polysaccharides in relation to coal fine suspension. Carbohydr Polym 74:590–596.
Pefferkorn E (1999) Polyacrylamide at solid/liquid interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 216:197-220.
Raj G (2001) Advanced Physical Chemistry 677-680 25th ed. Meerut, UP/India Goel Publishing House.
Rattanakawin C, Hogg R (2001) Aggregate size distributions in flocculation. Colloid Surf A- Physicochem Eng Asp 177:87-98.
Reuter JM, Hartan HG (1986) Structure and reaction kinetics of polyelectrolytes and their use in solid-liquid-processing. Aufbereitungs-Technik 11:598–607.
Sabah E, Cengiz I (2004) An evaluation procedure for flocculation of coal preparation plant tailings. Water Res 38:1542–1549.
Sabah E, Erkan ZE (2006) Interaction mechanism of flocculants with coal waste slurry. Fuel 85:350–359.
Sabah E, Ersoy B, Cengiz I (2003) Flocculation mechanism of coal preparation plant tailings with various type polymers. Proceedings of the X. Balkan Mineral Processing Congress 292-299, 15-20 June 2003, Varna-Bulgaria.
Saikia BK, Boruah RK, Gogoi PK (2007) FT-IR and XRD analysis of coal from Makum coalfield of Assam. J Earth Syst Sci 116(6):575–579.
Sarioglu M, Cebeci Y, Beyazit N (2002) Investigation of the effects of some operating parameters using anionic and cationic flocculants for removing solid material in the lignite. Asian J Chem 14(1):388–394.
Slater RW, Kitchener JA (1966) Characterization of flocculation of mineral suspensions by polymers. J Discussions Faraday Soc 42:267-75.
Somasundaran P, Das KK (1998) Flocculation and selective flocculation – an overview. In Proceedings of 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium (Innovation in mineral and coal processing), ed. AS Onal, G Celik, MS Istanbul 81–91 Turkey, Balkema.
Tao D, Groppo JG, Parekh BK (2000) Enhanced ultrafine coal dewatering using flocculation filtration processes. Miner Eng 2:163-171.
Teh CY, Budiman PM, Shak KPY, Wu TY (2016) Recent advancement of coagulation-flocculation and its application in wastewater treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 55:4363–4389. doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04703
Vajihinejad V, Sarang P, Gumfekar, Bazoubandi B, Najafabadi ZR, Soares JBP (2019) Water soluble polymer flocculants: Synthesis, Characterization and performance assessment. Macromol Mater Eng 304(2):1-43.
Wakeman RJ.Thickners. doi: 10.1615/AtoZ.t.thickeners as appeared in website: https:// thermo-pedia.com/content/1198/
Yakovchenko MA, Pinchuk LG, Kolosova MM, Filipovich LA, Masaev VY (2019) Intensification of wastewater treatment processes during coal enrichment using modified polyacrylamide flocculants. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 224:1-6. 012051 IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/224/1/012051
Yu X, Somasundaran P (1996) Role of polymer conformation in interparticle-bridging dominated flocculation. J Colloids Interface Sci 177:283-287.
Zhichao Y, Wang W, Shengyu L (2017) Flocculation of coal waste slurry using bioflocculant produced by Azotobacter chroococcum. Energy Fuels 31(2):1460-1467.