This preprint is under consideration at Journal of Clinical Immunology. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
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Research Article
ekaterini goudouris
UFRJ: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-9124
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Purpose: There is still scarce data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) and many questions. We aimed to describe the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian IEI patients and to identify factors influencing the outcome of infection.
Methods: We did a cross-sectional, multicenter study that included patients of any age affected by IEI and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The variables studied were sex, age, type of IEI, comorbidities (number and type), treatment in use for IEI, clinical manifestations and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results: 121 patients were included: 55.4% female, ages from six months to 74 yo (median age = 25.1 yo). Most patients had predominantly antibody deficiency (n=53). The infection presented mostly as asymptomatic (n=21) and mild (n=66), and one child had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). We could not observe sex related susceptibility and observed a weak correlation between age and severity of infection. The number of comorbidities was higher in severe cases, particularly bronchiectasis and cardiopathy. There were no severe cases in hereditary angioedema patients. Six patients aged 2 to 74 years died, three of them with antibody deficiency.
Conclusion: The outcome was mild in most patients, but the Case Fatality Ratio was higher than in the general population. Patients with complement deficiencies had milder COVID-19. However, the type of IEI was not a determining factor for severity. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be more related to older age, higher number of comorbidities and type of comorbidities (bronchiectasis and cardiopathy).
Keywords
primary immunodeficiency, inborn errors of immunity, immunodeficiency, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus
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Received 28 Feb, 2021
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This preprint is under consideration at Journal of Clinical Immunology. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
ekaterini goudouris
UFRJ: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-9124
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 15 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Review #? received
Received 28 Feb, 2021
Editor assigned
On 28 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 28 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 28 Feb, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Immunology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Purpose: There is still scarce data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) and many questions. We aimed to describe the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian IEI patients and to identify factors influencing the outcome of infection.
Methods: We did a cross-sectional, multicenter study that included patients of any age affected by IEI and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The variables studied were sex, age, type of IEI, comorbidities (number and type), treatment in use for IEI, clinical manifestations and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results: 121 patients were included: 55.4% female, ages from six months to 74 yo (median age = 25.1 yo). Most patients had predominantly antibody deficiency (n=53). The infection presented mostly as asymptomatic (n=21) and mild (n=66), and one child had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). We could not observe sex related susceptibility and observed a weak correlation between age and severity of infection. The number of comorbidities was higher in severe cases, particularly bronchiectasis and cardiopathy. There were no severe cases in hereditary angioedema patients. Six patients aged 2 to 74 years died, three of them with antibody deficiency.
Conclusion: The outcome was mild in most patients, but the Case Fatality Ratio was higher than in the general population. Patients with complement deficiencies had milder COVID-19. However, the type of IEI was not a determining factor for severity. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be more related to older age, higher number of comorbidities and type of comorbidities (bronchiectasis and cardiopathy).
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
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