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Research article
Yong Fang
Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-8441
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: To investigate the value of using contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound (CETRUS) to reduce unnecessary collection of biopsies during prostate cancer diagnosis and its utility in predicting biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Methods: This was a prospective study of suspected prostate cancer patients who were evaluated with CETRUS followed by a prostate biopsy. Prostate blood flow via CETRUS was graded using a 5-point scale. The relationship between CETRUS score and biopsy outcome was then analyzed for all patients; univariate and multi-variate analyses were used to determine the probable prognostic factors for biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer that underwent a radical prostatectomy.
Results: A total of 347 patients were enrolled in the study. Prostate cancer was found in 164 patients. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) was found between CETRUS scores and prostate cancer incidence. Using CETRUS scores ≥ 2 as the threshold for when to biopsy could have safely reduced the number of biopsies taken overall by 12.1% (42/347) and spared 23.0% (42/183) of patients from undergoing an unnecessary biopsy. 77 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent a radical prostatectomy. The median follow-up time was 30 months (range: 8-56 months) and 17 of these 77 patients exhibited biochemical recurrence during the follow-up period. 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 86% for patients with low CETRUS scores (≤ 3) and 59% for patients with high scores (> 3; p = 0.015). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CETRUS score was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (HR: 7.02; 95% CI: 2.00-24.69; p = 0.002).
Conclusions: CETRUS scores may be a useful tool for reducing the collection unnecessary biopsy samples during prostate cancer diagnosis and are predictive of biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer following a radical prostatectomy.
Keywords
contrast-enhanced, transrectal ultrasound, prostate cancer, unnecessary prostate biopsy, biochemical recurrence
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Urology.
Version 2
Posted 15 Apr, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 25 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 12 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 13 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 24 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Aug, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 22 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 22 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 16 Jul, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Urology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Yong Fang
Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-8441
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Urology.
Version 2
Posted 15 Apr, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 25 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 12 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 13 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 24 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Aug, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 22 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 22 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 16 Jul, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Urology.
Background: To investigate the value of using contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound (CETRUS) to reduce unnecessary collection of biopsies during prostate cancer diagnosis and its utility in predicting biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer.
Methods: This was a prospective study of suspected prostate cancer patients who were evaluated with CETRUS followed by a prostate biopsy. Prostate blood flow via CETRUS was graded using a 5-point scale. The relationship between CETRUS score and biopsy outcome was then analyzed for all patients; univariate and multi-variate analyses were used to determine the probable prognostic factors for biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer that underwent a radical prostatectomy.
Results: A total of 347 patients were enrolled in the study. Prostate cancer was found in 164 patients. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) was found between CETRUS scores and prostate cancer incidence. Using CETRUS scores ≥ 2 as the threshold for when to biopsy could have safely reduced the number of biopsies taken overall by 12.1% (42/347) and spared 23.0% (42/183) of patients from undergoing an unnecessary biopsy. 77 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent a radical prostatectomy. The median follow-up time was 30 months (range: 8-56 months) and 17 of these 77 patients exhibited biochemical recurrence during the follow-up period. 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 86% for patients with low CETRUS scores (≤ 3) and 59% for patients with high scores (> 3; p = 0.015). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CETRUS score was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (HR: 7.02; 95% CI: 2.00-24.69; p = 0.002).
Conclusions: CETRUS scores may be a useful tool for reducing the collection unnecessary biopsy samples during prostate cancer diagnosis and are predictive of biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer following a radical prostatectomy.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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