Patient Reported Outcome Measures (n = 36) |
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) | Psychosocial factors | V R F | LoA = 0.1 ± 4.4; d = 0.01; p = 0.79 Excellent (ICC = 0.97) Patients reported psychosocial questions duplication | Online use valid Reliable measure Redesign order of questionnaires |
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) | Activity level | V R F | LoA= -837 ± 3636 d=-0.31; p = 0.33 Good (ICC = 0.83) Designed logic between relevant question to avoid time wasting and make appropriate GPAQ for online use | Online use valid Reliable measure Time Saving |
Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire subscale (FABQ) | Psychosocial factors | V V R R F | PA: LoA = 1.6 ± 15.9; d=-0.06; p = 0.55 W: LoA= -0.5 ± 8.5; d = 0.25; p: 0.77 PA Excellent (ICC = 0.92) W: Poor (ICC = 0.39) Patients reported psychosocial questions duplication | Online use valid Reliable measure Redesign order of questionnaires |
Health-related Quality of Life (EQ5D-5L) | Quality of Life | V RV R F | VAS: LoA= -0.3 ± 13.6; d=-0.26; p = 0.07 VAS: Excellent (ICC = 0.94) State: LoA = -1.1 ± 8.5; 0.16; p = 0.55 State: Moderate (ICC = 0.64) Easy to report & understandable | Online use valid Reliable measure Easy to use in online |
Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) | Physical factors | V R F F | LoA = 1.3 ± 10 − 2.5 ± 18.2; d = 0.11–0.16 p = 0.49-.08 Excellent to moderate (ICC = 0.99 − 0.73) Patient answers inconsistent for last subscale. Patients reported many questions in terms of physical factors | Online use valid Reliable measure Redesign look Reduce repetition |
Miscellaneous questions for populations characteristics | Age (y) Selected risk factors Morning pain duration (mins) Morning pain severity (VAS) | V R V R V R V R F | LoA = 2.2 ± 18.5; d = 0.25; p: 0.77 Excellent (ICC = 0.92) LoA = 0.00 ± 1.38; d = 0.00; p > 0.99 Excellent (ICC = 0.99) LoA = 2.2 ± 18.7; d = 0.10; p: 0.34 Excellent (ICC = 0.94) LoA= -2.1 ± 19.0; d=-0.10; p: 0.33 Excellent (ICC = 0.94) Easy to report & understandable | Online use valid Reliable measure Feasible to use |
Pain map | Foot pain map | V R F | Pain-spreading region with 66% agreement. %98 matched; the medial aspect of RF clumsy system | Valid Use Reliable measure Navigate Pain |
Clinic Examination (N = 18) |
Foot mobility | Navicular drift Navicular drops MLA angle | V F V F V F | PHP = 6 ± 3; OP = 8 ± 1; C = 7 ± 3 mm; difficult to control medial movement PHP = 10 ± 4; OP = 9 ± 4; C = 12 ± 9 mm; Difficult to determine the change PHP = 160°±7; OP = 156°±11; C = 155°±5 difficult to position and maintain the arms of the goniometer along the feet | Require more sensible measure. It will be therefore changed measures with arch height ratio device |
ROM | Hip IR Ankle active DF 1MTPJ DF | V F V F V F | PHP=†43°±4; OP = 45°±9; C = 57°±12 Difficult to estimate centre of rotation PHP = 27°±6; OP = 25°±3; C = 27°±3 Difficult to estimate true vertical and horizontal positions PHP = 36°±4; OP = 38°±10; C = 37°±7 The test was affected by instrumentation, differences among joint actions. | Valid measure Binary outcome is needed Some modifications are applied for accurate measure |
Strength (oxford scale) | H. ER Ankle PF Inversion Intrinsic muscle | V F V F V F V F | PHP = 4.7 ± 4; OP = 4.8 ± 4; C = 5 Difficulty to detect difference between grades PHP = 4.9 ± 2; OP = 4.9 ± 2; C = 5 assesses muscles when contracting concentrically PHP=†3.5 ± 5; OP = 5; C = 5 No difficulty is detected PHP = 4,8 ± 4; OP = 5; C = 4.8 ± 6 Difficulty to control participation of other muscle groups | Valid use Binary outcome needed to easy and practical use. Ankle PF test is changed with functional test |
Modify knee to wall | ADROM before NP DFROM in full | V V F | PHP = 20°±8; OP = 21°±9; C = 21°±7 PHP=†14°±6; OP = 18°±8; C = 28°±10 Navicular drop not clear | Sensible values Test need to be modified |
Ultrasound Assessment (N = 18) |
Thickness | PF origin Mid PF Heel pad | V V V F | PHP=†‡3.7 ± 0.4; OP = 2.6 ± 0.8; C = 2.9 ± 0.4 mm. PHP=†‡3.7 ± 0.4; OP = 2.6 ± 0.7; C = 2.8 ± 0.4 mm. PHP = 8.4 ± 0.2; OP = 7.8 ± 0.2; C = 9.3 ± 1.9 mm. Difficult to control pressure | Sensible values Sensible values Sensible values |
Biomechanical Assessment (N = 9) |
Graded loading challenge (GLC) | First vGRF peak (N/BW) | V V R F | NW = 7626 ± 1565; LS = 8866 ± 1822; NWW = 9445 ± 1564; LSW = 10825 ± 1320 Excellent (ICC = 0.92–0.95) Easy to measure & high-quality data | Valid use Reliable method GLC have altered measure feasible |
Second vGRF Peak (N/BW) | V R F | NW = 7826 ± 1656; LS = 8598 ± 1859; WW = 9569 ± 1541; LSW = 10919 ± 1805 Good to excellent (ICC = 0.81–0.92) Easy to measure & high-quality data | Valid use Reliable measure feasible |
Rate of force development (N. s− 1) | V V R F | NW = 4741 ± 1307; LS = 5949 ± 1671; WW = 5235 ± 1518; LSW = 7356 ± 1799 Excellent (ICC = 0.91–0.96) Easy to measure & high-quality data | Valid use Reliable method Reliable measure feasible |
1.MTPJ DF on Toe off phase of gait cycle | V R F | NW = 14°±6; LS = 15°±7; WW = 15°±8; LSW = 14°±6 Moderate (ICC = 0.60–0.71) Time consuming | Sensible values mod reliability discard |
MLA during midstance | V R F | NW = 139°±15; LS = 139°±15; WW C = 140°±13; LSW = 143°±14 Poor to Good (ICC = 0.53–0.78) Time consuming | Sensible values mod reliability discard |