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Research Article
Haley S. Toups
University of Nevada Reno
Corresponding Author
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Background: Abscisic acid is a phytohormone involved in water deficit response. Abscisic acid metabolism is regulated by biosynthesis, conjugation, and catabolism. NCED3 is the rate limiting step of abscisic acid biosynthesis and is a key contributor to plant water deficit responses. In this study NCED3 transcript accumulation and abscisic acid metabolism were further characterized as key water deficit responses in four Vitis species (Vitis vinifera (Cabernet Sauvignon), Vitis champinii (Ramsey), Vitis riparia (Riparia Gloire), and Vitis vinifera x Vitis girdiana (SC2)) under three levels of water deficit in leaves and roots.
Results: The concentrations of abscisic acid and derivative metabolites increased with water deficit and was dependent upon the species. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data were consistent with the changes in abscisic acid metabolite concentrations; the corresponding transcript abundances substantiate NCED3 as a key gene in the water deficit response; however, NCED3 protein concentrations assayed in Western Blots were not affected. Major differences in abscisic acid metabolism at the gene, protein, and metabolite levels were detected between leaves and roots in these four species. NCED3 transcript abundance and abscisic acid concentration in drought-tolerant Ramsey increased earlier and more significantly than the other species during long-term, moderate to severe water deficits but were not stimulated as much by short-term, rapid dehydration. In drought-sensitive Riparia, NCED3 transcript abundance and abscisic acid metabolite concentrations increased to a lower extent than in Ramsey during moderate to severe water deficits, but short-term rapid dehydration induced a significantly higher abscisic acid concentration in Riparia than Ramsey.
Conclusions: Grapevine species have distinct abscisic acid metabolism that depends highly on the severity and duration of stress and organ (leaves or roots). This study confirms that abscisic acid metabolism and NCED3 are part of a core water deficit response in Vitis species. Relative quantities of transcripts, proteins, abscisic acid and derivative metabolites were determined, but many aspects of abscisic acid metabolism and water deficit responses warrant additional investigation. This study provides a better understanding of how Vitis is adapted to dry environments, which may be exploited for future breeding programs.
Keywords
ABA, ABA metabolism, leaves vs. roots, NCED3, Vitis
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No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- additionalfile1.pdf
Additional File 1: Summed total whole plant ABA metabolite concentration and summed total whole plant ABA metabolite concentration per organ after one- and two-weeks of moderate WD.
- additionalfile2.pdf
Additional File 2: ABA metabolite distribution relative to total whole plant ABA metabolites per organ after one- and two-weeks of moderate WD.
- additionalfile3.xlsx
Additional File 3: ABA biosynthesis, conjugation, and catabolism genes in CS and number of ABA metabolism gene paralogs identified in the CS genome.
- additionalfile4.xlsx
Additional File 4: DEA results for Control versus WD per species per organ per week.
- additionalfile5.xlsx
Additional File 5: DEA results for RA WD versus CS, RI, and SC WD per organ per week.
- additionalfile6.pdf
Additional File 6: Differentially expressed ABA metabolism genes in RA WD W2 leaves and roots.
- additionalfile7.xlsx
Additional File 7: Gene module Eigengene values for leaves and roots.
- additionalfile8.xlsx
Additional File 8: Gene ontology of leaf and root WD and ABA metabolite positively correlated gene modules.
- additionalfile9.xlsx
Additional File 9: antiNCED3 target sequences, alignments, and proof of linear detection.
- additionalfile10.pdf
Additional File 10: One-week severe water deficit and rapid dehydration NCED3 Western blots.
- additionalfile11.xlsx
Additional File 11: Physiological measurements performed on rapid dehydration leaves.
- additionalfile12.xlsx
Additional File 12: NCED3 NRQ and ABA concentrations statistics for rapid dehydration.
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This is a preprint. It has not completed peer review.
Research Article
Haley S. Toups
University of Nevada Reno
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 15 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Abscisic acid is a phytohormone involved in water deficit response. Abscisic acid metabolism is regulated by biosynthesis, conjugation, and catabolism. NCED3 is the rate limiting step of abscisic acid biosynthesis and is a key contributor to plant water deficit responses. In this study NCED3 transcript accumulation and abscisic acid metabolism were further characterized as key water deficit responses in four Vitis species (Vitis vinifera (Cabernet Sauvignon), Vitis champinii (Ramsey), Vitis riparia (Riparia Gloire), and Vitis vinifera x Vitis girdiana (SC2)) under three levels of water deficit in leaves and roots.
Results: The concentrations of abscisic acid and derivative metabolites increased with water deficit and was dependent upon the species. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data were consistent with the changes in abscisic acid metabolite concentrations; the corresponding transcript abundances substantiate NCED3 as a key gene in the water deficit response; however, NCED3 protein concentrations assayed in Western Blots were not affected. Major differences in abscisic acid metabolism at the gene, protein, and metabolite levels were detected between leaves and roots in these four species. NCED3 transcript abundance and abscisic acid concentration in drought-tolerant Ramsey increased earlier and more significantly than the other species during long-term, moderate to severe water deficits but were not stimulated as much by short-term, rapid dehydration. In drought-sensitive Riparia, NCED3 transcript abundance and abscisic acid metabolite concentrations increased to a lower extent than in Ramsey during moderate to severe water deficits, but short-term rapid dehydration induced a significantly higher abscisic acid concentration in Riparia than Ramsey.
Conclusions: Grapevine species have distinct abscisic acid metabolism that depends highly on the severity and duration of stress and organ (leaves or roots). This study confirms that abscisic acid metabolism and NCED3 are part of a core water deficit response in Vitis species. Relative quantities of transcripts, proteins, abscisic acid and derivative metabolites were determined, but many aspects of abscisic acid metabolism and water deficit responses warrant additional investigation. This study provides a better understanding of how Vitis is adapted to dry environments, which may be exploited for future breeding programs.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
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