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Research Article
Dayong Li
National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
Corresponding Author
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Background: GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs), a type of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. Although GRF gene family has been identified in various plant species, a genome-wide analysis of GRF gene family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has not been reported yet.
Results: Here we identified 15 members of GRF genes in lettuce and performed comprehensive analysis of them, including chromosomal locations, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Through phylogenic analysis between GRF genes in Arabidopsis and rice, we divided LsaGRFs into six groups. Specifically, the N-terminal of LsaGRF5 showed transcriptional activity, LsaGRF5 probably functioned as a transcriptional factor in cell nucleus. Meanwhile, 14 LsaGRF genes were predicted to be the target of Lsa-miR396 except of LsaGRF9 using free energies of duplex structures. LsaGRF5 could be cleaved by Lsa-miR396 at specific binding site between the 9th and 10th nucleotides. Furthermore, overexpression of LsaGRF5 in lettuce exhibited larger leaves, while smaller leaves were observed in LsaMIR396a overexpression lines, in which LsaGRF5 was down-regulated.
Conclusions: These results in lettuce provide insight into the molecular mechanism of GRF gene family in regulating leaf growth and development and foundational information for genetic improvement of the lettuce variations specialized in leaf character.
Keywords
Lettuce, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR, Leaf development, MicroRNA, Genome-wide analysis
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No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- additionalfile1.docx
Additional file 1：Supplemental figures Figure S1. The amino acid sequences alignment of LsaGRF genes. Figure S2. Phylogenetic analysis of Lsa-miR396s. Figure S3. The degree of Lsa-miR396a complementarity to all LsaGRFs. Figure S4. The phenotypes of overexpression lines of LsaGRF5 in Arabidopsis.
- additionalfile2.xlsx
Additional file 2：Table S1 Number of GRF genes and miR396s have been identified in different species
- additionalfile3.xlsx
Additional file 3：Table S2 The sequences of Primers used in this study
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Plant Biology. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Dayong Li
National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 15 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 12 Apr, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 06 Apr, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 06 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 27 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 27 Mar, 2021
Review #4 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #9 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #10 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #6 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #12 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #13 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #5 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #11 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Review #14 received
Received 15 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #12 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #17 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #18 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #14 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #20 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #21 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #13 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #8 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #19 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #22 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 03 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 02 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 02 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 02 Mar, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs), a type of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. Although GRF gene family has been identified in various plant species, a genome-wide analysis of GRF gene family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has not been reported yet.
Results: Here we identified 15 members of GRF genes in lettuce and performed comprehensive analysis of them, including chromosomal locations, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Through phylogenic analysis between GRF genes in Arabidopsis and rice, we divided LsaGRFs into six groups. Specifically, the N-terminal of LsaGRF5 showed transcriptional activity, LsaGRF5 probably functioned as a transcriptional factor in cell nucleus. Meanwhile, 14 LsaGRF genes were predicted to be the target of Lsa-miR396 except of LsaGRF9 using free energies of duplex structures. LsaGRF5 could be cleaved by Lsa-miR396 at specific binding site between the 9th and 10th nucleotides. Furthermore, overexpression of LsaGRF5 in lettuce exhibited larger leaves, while smaller leaves were observed in LsaMIR396a overexpression lines, in which LsaGRF5 was down-regulated.
Conclusions: These results in lettuce provide insight into the molecular mechanism of GRF gene family in regulating leaf growth and development and foundational information for genetic improvement of the lettuce variations specialized in leaf character.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
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