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Research Article
Lawrence Ehis Okoror
Federal University Oye-Ekiti
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Dengue and malaria have similar symptoms and arthropod vector and their mode of transmission coupled with differential diagnosis. Though typhoid fever differs from dengue and malaria by not having arthropod vector and different mode of transmission, it shares differential diagnosis with Dengue and Malaria which make misdiagnosis possible. This misdiagnosis of these three diseases has since been a major concern towards therapeutic administration because of their co-occurrence in many cases.
Methods
This study focused on the misdiagnosis of dengue fever for malaria or typhoid fever since the three have differential diagnosis and could co-occur. 741 samples were collected from malaria patient and 333 samples for typhoid fever outpatient at the health department facilities in rural communities of South West Nigeria. The samples were tested for dengue virus (DV) NS1 protein, anti DV IgM, anti DV IgG and RT-qPCR.
Result
Of all the samples tested 315 (29.4%) were positive to DV NS1 while 50 (6.7%) and 13 (3.9%) of 714 malaria samples and 333 typhoid samples respectively had Dengue fever co-infection. Co-infection of the three types of fever occurred in 5 (0.5%). A total of 54 (5%) DV cases were wrongly diagnosed for malaria while 14 (1.3%) DV cases was wrongly diagnosed as typhoid.
Conclusion
Conclusively, there was significant number of misdiagnosed cases of DV for either malaria or typhoid, hence it is recommended to include DV screening into routine hospital test especially in cases of malaria and typhoid negative by rapid diagnostic testing.
Keywords
Infection, Coinfection, IgM, IgG, NS1
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
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Posted 12 Mar, 2021
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Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Jul, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 06 Jul, 2021
Review #4 received
Received 06 Jul, 2021
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 05 Jul, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 05 Jul, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 30 Jun, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 14 Apr, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 14 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 08 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Mar, 2021
Reviews received
Received 08 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 08 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 08 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 02 Mar, 2021
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Subject Areas
Virology
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This preprint is under consideration at Virology Journal. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Lawrence Ehis Okoror
Federal University Oye-Ekiti
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 12 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Jul, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 06 Jul, 2021
Review #4 received
Received 06 Jul, 2021
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 05 Jul, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 05 Jul, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 30 Jun, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 14 Apr, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 14 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 08 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Mar, 2021
Reviews received
Received 08 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 08 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 08 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 02 Mar, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Virology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Dengue and malaria have similar symptoms and arthropod vector and their mode of transmission coupled with differential diagnosis. Though typhoid fever differs from dengue and malaria by not having arthropod vector and different mode of transmission, it shares differential diagnosis with Dengue and Malaria which make misdiagnosis possible. This misdiagnosis of these three diseases has since been a major concern towards therapeutic administration because of their co-occurrence in many cases.
Methods
This study focused on the misdiagnosis of dengue fever for malaria or typhoid fever since the three have differential diagnosis and could co-occur. 741 samples were collected from malaria patient and 333 samples for typhoid fever outpatient at the health department facilities in rural communities of South West Nigeria. The samples were tested for dengue virus (DV) NS1 protein, anti DV IgM, anti DV IgG and RT-qPCR.
Result
Of all the samples tested 315 (29.4%) were positive to DV NS1 while 50 (6.7%) and 13 (3.9%) of 714 malaria samples and 333 typhoid samples respectively had Dengue fever co-infection. Co-infection of the three types of fever occurred in 5 (0.5%). A total of 54 (5%) DV cases were wrongly diagnosed for malaria while 14 (1.3%) DV cases was wrongly diagnosed as typhoid.
Conclusion
Conclusively, there was significant number of misdiagnosed cases of DV for either malaria or typhoid, hence it is recommended to include DV screening into routine hospital test especially in cases of malaria and typhoid negative by rapid diagnostic testing.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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