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Background: Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) genes play important roles in folliculogenesis. Altered expression of the two have been found among patients with poor ovarian response (POR). In this prospective cohort study, we have determined the expression of the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in follicle fluid (FF) and granulosa cells (GCs) derived from poor ovarian responders grouped by age, and explored its correlation with the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment.
Methods: A total of 196 patients with POR were enrolled from a tertiary teaching hospital. The patients were diagnosed by the Bologna criteria and sub-divided into group A (< 35 year old), group B (35-40 year old), and group C (> 40 year old). A GnRH antagonist protocol was conducted for all patients, and FF and GCs were collected after oocyte retrieval. Expression of the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in the FF and GCs was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting.
Results: Compared with group C, groups A and B had significantly more two pronuclei (2PN) oocytes and transplantable embryos, in addition with higher rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy (P < 0.05). The expression level of GDF9 and BMP15 genes in the FF and GCs differed significantly among the three groups (P < 0.05), showing a trend of decline along with age.
Conclusions: For poor ovarian responders, in particular those over 40, the expression of GDF9 and BMP15 is declined with increased age and in accompany with poorer oocyte quality and IVF outcome.
Keywords
GDF9 gene, BMP15 gene, Poor ovarian response, in vitro fertilization, Age
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Journal of Ovarian Research.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 16 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Dec, 2020
Version 2
Posted 16 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 07 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 02 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 17 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 May, 2020
First submitted
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 May, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at Journal of Ovarian Research.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Journal of Ovarian Research.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 16 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 16 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Dec, 2020
Version 2
Posted 16 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 07 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 02 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 09 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 17 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 May, 2020
First submitted
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Journal of Ovarian Research.
Background: Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) genes play important roles in folliculogenesis. Altered expression of the two have been found among patients with poor ovarian response (POR). In this prospective cohort study, we have determined the expression of the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in follicle fluid (FF) and granulosa cells (GCs) derived from poor ovarian responders grouped by age, and explored its correlation with the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment.
Methods: A total of 196 patients with POR were enrolled from a tertiary teaching hospital. The patients were diagnosed by the Bologna criteria and sub-divided into group A (< 35 year old), group B (35-40 year old), and group C (> 40 year old). A GnRH antagonist protocol was conducted for all patients, and FF and GCs were collected after oocyte retrieval. Expression of the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in the FF and GCs was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting.
Results: Compared with group C, groups A and B had significantly more two pronuclei (2PN) oocytes and transplantable embryos, in addition with higher rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy (P < 0.05). The expression level of GDF9 and BMP15 genes in the FF and GCs differed significantly among the three groups (P < 0.05), showing a trend of decline along with age.
Conclusions: For poor ovarian responders, in particular those over 40, the expression of GDF9 and BMP15 is declined with increased age and in accompany with poorer oocyte quality and IVF outcome.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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