Epidemiological characteristics of 13,313 emergency room patients with trauma from 2013 to 2021: a single-centre retrospective study

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2964666/v1

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Epidemiological characteristics of 13,313 emergency room patients with trauma from 2013 to 2021: a single-centre retrospective study

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2964666/v1

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Background

This study aimed to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of patients with trauma in the emergency room and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of trauma.

Methods

Data on patients with trauma admitted to the emergency room between January 2013 and December 2021, including sex, age, visit time, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, detention, patient outcome, and prognosis, were retrospectively analysed.

Results

A total of 13,313 patients were admitted to the emergency room, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.51:1. Most patients were young and middle-aged, with 8518 patients, accounting for 63.98%. The monthly peak number of patients admitted to the emergency room occurred in July, September, and October, and the peak time was 11:00–21:00. The detention time of patients with trauma in the emergency room showed an extended trend, with 72.2% of patients staying for at least 3 hours in the emergency room. As age increased, the proportion of patients staying in emergency rooms ≥ 3 hours increased gradually. A total of 345 patients (2.6%) died in the emergency room, 4035 patients (30.3%) received surgical treatment, 5082 patients (38.2%) were admitted to a specialised ward for conservative treatment, 2272 patients (17.1) were kept in the emergency room, and 1579 patients (11.9%) were discharged after emergency treatment. Nonconsciousness on admission, systolic blood pressure < 110 mmHg, abnormal diastolic blood pressure, and abnormal heart rate were risk factors for death in patients with trauma in the emergency room.

Conclusion

The emergency department should reasonably allocate medical resources according to the main population of patients with trauma, peak hours, and peak seasons, and standardise emergency procedures. Emergency medical staff should attach importance to the assessment of patients' consciousness and vital signs and provide active treatment.

emergency service

hospital

trauma

epidemiology

risk factors

retrospective study

Emergency patients with severe trauma with complex conditions have a high incidence, mortality, and disability rate. Severe trauma accounts for 12% of all deaths globally each year and is the leading cause of death among young people [1]. In the incidence of trauma, 90% of the fatal injury burden occurs in low- and middle-income countries [2, 3]. In China, trauma can lead to 700,000-800,000 deaths and over 5 million disabilities yearly. In addition to the direct medical expenses of 130 billion yuan and indirect economic losses of 250 billion yuan per year [4, 5], it also causes the loss of a large labour force. It has caused a great burden and loss to society and families and is a major public health problem worldwide [6].

As the first station of hospital treatment for patients with severe trauma, emergency rescue rooms are the most concentrated areas for medical emergencies. A timely understanding of the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of patients with trauma in the emergency room is necessary for the rational allocation of medical resources in emergency departments and the formulation of targeted preventive measures.

Trauma epidemiology differs among countries and regions [7]. Developed countries in Europe and the United States have conducted large sample size and multicentre epidemiological investigations of different types of trauma (such as traumatic spinal cord injury [8, 9], traumatic brain injury [10, 11], and abdominal trauma [12]). Currently, there is no systematic investigation or research on the epidemiology of emergency trauma in China.

In Shanghai, our hospital is an important trauma treatment centre and has treated many patients with acute trauma. Therefore, this study retrospectively investigated patients with severe trauma treated in the emergency room of our hospital between January 2013 and December 2021 and analysed their epidemiological characteristics, treatment time distribution, emergency detention, and mortality risk factors to provide a reference for the prevention, clinical treatment, and rational allocation of medical resources for acute trauma.

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and Institutional Review Boards of the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Ethics Review Number: 2023-YS-135). All patient records were anonymized and de-identified and the Ethics Committee waived the need for informed consent before analysis due to the retrospective nature of the data.

Data on 13,313 patients with trauma admitted to the emergency room of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital between January 2013 and December 2021 were collected. The inclusion criteria were all types of trauma, treatment in the emergency department, and first visit to our hospital after injury. Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. The criteria for determining the death of patients with trauma were based on the International Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Cardiovascular First Aid; patients with respiratory and cardiac arrest during reception in the emergency room and routine cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) > 30 min were ineffective.

Our hospital established a database of critical patients in the emergency room and an electronic rescue record form for each patient entering the emergency room. The case data of patients with trauma admitted to the emergency room were retrospectively analysed. It included the patient's sex, age, month and time of doctor visit, duration of stay in the emergency room, and vital signs (consciousness, blood pressure, pulse, and respiration) at the time of admission to the emergency room. Statistics were obtained on the proportion of patients with trauma visiting the hospital during each month and time period, and the mortality rate, patient outcomes, and duration of stay in the emergency room of patients with trauma in different years were compared. The detention time in an emergency room refers to the time from arrival at the emergency room to exit. Some scholars emphasised that the reasonable detention time of patients in the emergency room should be 1–3 hours [13], and 3 hours was used as the cut-off point to calculate the proportion of patients with detention time ≥ 3 hours in all age groups. Patients with trauma were divided into death and survival groups, and differences in sex, age, blood pressure, heart rate, consciousness, and other aspects were compared between the two groups.

Statistical analyses

SPSS 20.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis of the data. Categorical variables are presented as percentages, and comparisons between the two groups were performed using the chi-square test. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation if they fit the normal distribution and as median and quantile intervals if the distributions are non-normal; comparisons between the two groups were performed using an independent sample t-test. Multivariate binary logistic analysis was used to analyse the factors related to death caused by trauma. The bilateral test level was α = 0.05.

Gender and age distribution of patients with trauma in the emergency room

From 2013 to 2021, 13,313 patients with trauma were admitted to the emergency room. The age of patients with trauma ranged from 1 to 106 years, with an average age of 58.30 ± 18.37 years. Among them, 9521 were males (71.5%), and 3792 were females (28.5%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.51:1. The mean age of male patients was 52.25 ± 17.24, years and that of female patients was 57.69 ± 20.44 years. According to the age subdivision proposed by the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO), there were more number of patients with trauma in the emergency room from the middle-aged group (45–59 years old), followed by the young group (≤ 44 years old), with a total of 8518 middle-aged and young patients, accounting for 63.98% of the patients. Except for the longevity group, there were more men than women in the other age groups. The patients’ sex distribution among all age groups was significantly different (χ² = 385.58, P < 0.001) (Table 1).

Table 1

Gender and age distribution of 13313 trauma patients admitted to the emergency room of a Grade-A general hospital in Shanghai from 2013 to 2021
Group	Male n(%)	Female n(%)	Total n(%)	Proportion of patients with retention ≥ 3h(%)
The young (≤44 years)	3192(33.5)	1048(27.6)	4240(31.8)	68.7
Middle-aged group (45∼59 years)	3263(34.3)	1015(26.8)	4278(32.1)	73.5
The young old (60∼74 years)	2098(22.0)	904(23.8)	3002(22.5)	75.3
The old (75∼89 years)	776(8.2)	572(15.1)	1348(10.1)	78.7
The longevous (≥90 years)	192(2.0)	253(6.7)	445(3.3)	83.4
Total	9521(100)	3792(100)	13313(100)	72.2

Time distribution of patients with trauma in the emergency room

The admission time of patients with trauma in the emergency room varies seasonally, with the peak season appearing in autumn (1283 cases in September and 1243 cases in October) and summer (1229 cases in July and 1216 cases in August) and the lowest in February (703 cases), as shown in Fig. 1. Emergency admissions were more common between 11:00 and 21:00 every day, with a peak between 16:00 and 17:00, and least common between 6:00 and 7:00 a.m., as shown in Fig. 2.

Comparison of the proportion of emergency room patients with trauma and their stay time among different years

Between 2013 and 2021, 57,905 patients were treated in the emergency room, including 13,313 patients with trauma (23.0%). Among them, the proportion of patients with trauma visiting the emergency room in 2016 was the highest, accounting for 25.4%, whereas the proportion of emergency room visits for trauma in other years was similar, ranging from 21.2–23.8%, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05), as shown in Table 2. From 2013 to 2021, the detention time of patients with trauma in the emergency room showed an extended trend, from the shortest detention time (8.5 ± 16.0 hours) in 2016 to the longest detention time (12.3 ± 18.6 hours) in 2019. The detention time in emergency rooms in 2019 and 2020 was significantly longer than that before 2016(P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The detention time in the emergency room in 2021 was significantly longer than that in 2015 and 2016 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), as shown in Table 2. A reasonable detention time in the emergency room of at least 3 hours was the cut-off point. The retrospective analysis of patients with trauma admitted to the emergency room showed that 72.2% had detention time ≥ 3 hours. With the increase in age, the proportion of patients with detention time ≥ 3 hours gradually increased, as shown in Table 1.

Table 2

Comparison of emergency outcomes and detention time in emergency room of trauma patients in different years in a general Grade A hospital in Shanghai
Year	Total number of emergency room admissions	Number of trauma patients(%)	Trauma deaths in the emergency room(%)	Number of trauma patients for surgical treatment(%)	Number of trauma patients admitted to specialized wards for conservative treatment(%)	Number of of trauma patients admitted to emergency observation room for conservative treatment(%)	Number of trauma patients discharged or transferred to another hospital(%)	Detention time (h)
2013	5996	1346(22.5)	27 (2.0)	432(32.1)	435 (32.3)	325 (23.5)	127(9.4)	9.8 ± 21.1^ac
2014	5890	1401(23.8)	29 (2.1)	451(32.2)	483 (34.5)	331 (22.6)	107(7.6)	9.3 ± 42.0^bd
2015	5871	1261(21.5)	33 (2.6)	443(35.1)	419 (33.2)	276 (21.0)	90 (7.1)	8.5 ± 24.4^ace
2016	7292	1852(25.4)	41 (2.2)	714(38.6)	577 (31.2)	284 (14.9)	236(12.7)	8.5 ± 16.0^ace
2017	6449	1416(22.0)	43 (3.0)	476(33.6)	537 (37.9)	204 (13.7)	156(11.0)	11.8 ± 20.3^f
2018	6382	1352(21.2)	47 (3.5)	419(31.0)	543 (40.2)	193 (13.5)	150(11.1)	11.6 ± 21.2
2019	6688	1549(23.1)	59 (3.8)	387(25.0)	641 (41.4)	212 (12.9)	250(16.1)	12.3 ± 18.6
2020	6063	1433(23.6)	27 (1.9)	345(24.1)	636 (44.4)	213 (14.2)	212(14.8)	11.8 ± 20.7
2021	7274	1703(23.4)	39 (2.3)	368(21.6)	811 (47.6)	234 (13.0)	251(14.7)	10.5 ± 13.3
Total	57905	13313(23.0)	345(2.6)	4035(30.3)	5082(38.2)	2272 (17.1)	1579(11.9)
Note: Compared with 2019, ^a P＜0.01, ^b P＜0.05;Compared with 2020, ^c P＜0.01, ^d P＜0.05; Compared with 2021, ^e P＜0.01, ^f P＜0.05。

Comparison of clinical characteristics between the death and survival group of patients with trauma in the emergency room

Between 2013 and 2021, 345 patients with trauma died in the emergency room. There were differences in sex distribution and detention time in the emergency room between the death and survival groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the year of admission and the time point of admission between the two groups. The blood pressure of patients in the death group was lower than that of patients in the survival group. Age, heart rate, and proportion of unconscious patients in the death group were all higher than those in the survival group, and the differences were statistically significant, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Comparison of relevant factors between death group and survival group of trauma patients admitted to emergency room
Variable	death group (n = 345)	survival group (n = 12968)	t/χ²	P
Gender[n(%)]
Male	220(63.8)	9301(71.7)	41.5	0.003
Female	125(36.2)	3667(28.3)
Age[\(\stackrel{-}{x}\)±s, years]	69.2 ± 20.5	53.4 ± 18.1	20.4	＜0.001
Systolic blood pressure	118.9 ± 55.2	129.3 ± 26.5	592.30	0.001
Diastolic blood pressure	67.1 ± 31.6	76.0 ± 16.4	433.9.3	＜0.001
Heart rate	92.1 ± 32.9	87.4 ± 19.0	303.4	0.008
Consciousness [n(%)]
Conscious	90(26.1)	10967(84.6)	816.7	＜0.001
Unconscious	255(73.9)	2001(15.4)
Detention time [n(%)]
＜3h	115(33.3)	3583(27.6)	16.8	0.027
≥ 3h	230(66.7)	9385(72.4)

Multivariate logistic analysis of death in the emergency rescue room

Variables with differences in Table 3 were incorporated into the logistic regression analysis model, Table 4 shows the assignment of the independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that consciousness, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were independent risk factors for death of patients with trauma in the emergency rescue rooms (all P values < 0.05, see Table 5).

Table 4

Assignment of independent variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis
Variabl	Assignment
Gender(X1)	1 = Female ;0 = Male
Age	(X₂)0 = The young;1 = Middle-aged group; 0 = The young old; 0 = The old; 0 = The longevous (X₃)0 = The young;0 = Middle-aged group; 1 = The young old; 0 = The old; 0 = The longevous (X₄)0 = The young;0 = Middle-aged group; 0 = The young old; 1 = The old; 0 = The longevous (X5)0 = The young;0 = Middle-aged group; 0 = The young old; 0 = The old; 1 = The longevous
Conscious	(X6)0 = Conscious;1 = somnolence; 0 = confusion; 0 = coma (X7)0 = Conscious;0 = somnolence; 1 = confusion; 0 = coma (X8)0 = Conscious;0 = somnolence; 0 = confusion; 1 = coma
Systolic blood pressure	(X9)0 = Systolic blood pressure 110∼169mmHg;1 = Systolic blood pressure ≤ 109mmHg; 0 = Systolic blood pressure ≥ 170mmHg (X10)0 = Systolic blood pressure 110∼169mmHg;0 = Systolic blood pressure ≤ 109mmHg; 1 = Systolic blood pressure ≥ 170mmHg
Diastolic blood pressure	(X11)0 = Diastolic blood pressure 60∼90mmHg;1 = Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 91mmHg; 0 = Diastolic blood pressure ≤ 59mmHg (X12)0 = Diastolic blood pressure 60∼90mmHg;0 = Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 91mmHg; 1 = Diastolic blood pressure ≤ 59mmHg
Heart rate	(X13)0 = heart rate 60∼100 beats/min;1 = heart rate ≥ 101 beats/min; 0 = heart rate ≤ 59 beats/min (X14)0 = heart rate 60∼100 beats/min;0 = heart rate ≥ 101 beats/min; 1 = heart rate ≤ 59 beats/min
Detention time (X₁₅)	1 = Detention time ≥ 3h;0 = Detention time＜3h

Table 5

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of death risk factors in emergency room for trauma patients
Variables	B	SE	Waldx²	P	OR	95%CI
Variables	B	SE	Waldx²	P	OR	Lower	Upper
Constant	-6.305	0.225	787.964	＜0.001	0.002
Age			242.961	＜0.001
The young old	0.766	0.196	15.274	＜0.001	2.151	1.465	3.158
The old	2.240	0.195	131.615	＜0.001	9.391	6.405	13.769
The longevous	2.479	0.237	109.274	＜0.001	11.924	7.492	18.978
Conscious			461.113	＜0.001
somnolence	1.339	0.459	8.494	0.004	3.814	1.550	9.384
confusion	1.600	0.172	86.164	＜0.001	4.955	3.534	6.947
coma	3.107	0.145	460.173	＜0.001	22.344	16.822	29.677
Systolic blood pressure			24.150	＜0.001
＜110mmHg	0.860	0.179	23.204	＜0.001	2.363	1.665	3.353
Diastolic blood pressure			26.582	＜0.001
≥ 91mmHg	0.628	0.174	13.077	＜0.001	1.874	1.333	2.634
≤ 59mmHg	0.726	0.177	16.861	＜0.001	2.068	1.462	2.925
Heart rate			72.246	＜0.001
≥ 101 beats/min	0.997	0.137	53.094	＜0.001	2.711	2.073	3.546
≤ 59 beats/min	1.284	0.206	39.001	＜0.001	3.612	2.414	5.405

In this study, the majority of patients with trauma admitted to the emergency room were young and middle-aged, and there were significantly more men than women (2.51:1), which was consistent with that of relevant literature reports [14–16]. The difference in sex composition among all age groups was statistically significant, indicating that acute trauma was closely related to the social division of labour and social occupations between men and women. Middle-aged and young men were the main force in social labour participation and also the main force engaged in jobs with higher risk coefficients; therefore, the risk of trauma was higher. In addition, road traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries in developing countries [17, 18]. Shanghai, a relatively developed city in China, has a high population density, dense roads, and a huge demand for human flow and logistics, which also increases the potential risk of trauma. Regarding trauma prevention, we should first strengthen the publicity of enterprise labour and road safety and improve the safety awareness among citizens. Second, relevant departments should consider young and middle-aged men, especially workers, drivers, and construction operators, as the main groups for trauma prevention and treatment strategies. Additionally, these departments should improve the safety protection facilities in the industry to reduce the occurrence of traumatic events.

In this study, the occurrence of trauma varied with seasons and time periods, indicating that the occurrence of trauma is affected by factors such as lifestyle and production, seasons, and environmental temperature changes, which is consistent with the findings of studies from other countries [16, 19, 20]. In this study, the hospitalisation peak of patients with trauma in the emergency room occurred from July to October, which may be related to the following aspects: (1) the occurrence of trauma is highly correlated with meteorological elements, and the increase in temperature and sunshine duration increases the incidence of accidental trauma [20–22]; (2) when the relative humidity is 50–70%, the risk of trauma is highest [21]. Summer is the peak season for construction, and high humidity and busy construction in the south during summer are potential factors for an increase in trauma. (3) Summer vacation and National Day holidays increase travel and traffic, increasing the incidence of accidental trauma. Emergency admissions were more common between 11:00 and 21:00 every day, with the peak between 16:00 and 17:00, which differed from the findings of other studies [16, 23, 24]. This may be because Shanghai, an economically developed immigrant metropolis, has different working hours and social activity rules than other areas. The peak time of the above trauma occurred during the evening rush hour, with heavy traffic and people flow. In addition, residents in this area frequently went out at night; the phenomenon of working overtime at night was common, and the travel rate increased, all of which led to an increased incidence of trauma. Therefore, hospital management departments should rationally allocate emergency room medical resources according to trauma treatment laws to guarantee the quality and efficiency of trauma treatment.

Emergency detention time refers to the time between patients reaching the emergency room and being shifted out of the emergency room. Studies have shown that the duration of emergency stay is closely related to the prognosis of patients with trauma. As the duration of emergency stay is prolonged, the incidence of sepsis in patients with trauma increases [25], and the duration of hospital stay of patients is also prolonged [26]; the duration of emergency stay is positively correlated with increased mortality in patients with severe trauma [27, 28]. In this study, the detention time of patients with trauma in the emergency room of our hospital showed a prolonged trend from 2013 to 2021, which was consistent with relevant literature reports [29, 30]. In the United States, the average wait time for non-critical patients in emergency rooms increased by 33% between 2003 and 2006 and has not improved in recent years [31]. This indicates that, with the increase in emergency department visits, the prolonged detention time of patients in emergency rooms has gradually become a prominent problem worldwide, especially in China, a populous country. The clinical data of 13,313 patients with trauma in our hospital were retrospectively analysed, and 72.2% of the patients stayed in the emergency room for more than 3 hours. Additionally, the proportion of patients staying in the emergency room gradually increased with increasing age. Advanced age is an independent risk factor for a prolonged stay in the emergency room [13] because elderly patients have decreased physiological reserves, many underlying diseases, and are often complicated with multi-system severe diseases. Atypical clinical manifestations of disease in older adults can complicate assessment and management. This suggests that emergency medical staff should pay attention to the detention of patients with trauma, especially elderly patients, and suggest introducing clinical assistants or trauma coordination nurses into existing emergency services, which may be a good way to improve the efficiency of trauma treatment and reduce the detention of patients in emergency rooms [32, 33].

This study found that age was an independent risk factor for death in patients with trauma in the emergency room, and the risk of death was significantly increased in patients older than 60 years. This may be related to organ function decline in elderly patients, weakened resistance, increased individual brittleness, susceptibility to serious trauma after external impact, and high incidence of traumatic shock and coagulation disease [34, 35]. In this study, the risk of death in the emergency room of patients with somnolence, confusion, and coma was 3.814, 4.955, and 22.344 times that of patients with consciousness, respectively (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). This suggests that consciousness on admission is a risk factor for death in the emergency rooms of patients with trauma, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies [36, 37]. As a coma score for initial injury, multiple studies have shown that the lower the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the higher the fatality rate [36, 38], and GCS ≤ 12 on admission is an independent risk factor for death in hospitals for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) [39]. These results indicate that the consciousness state of patients on admission reflects the severity of patients’ injuries to some extent, and emergency medical staff can preliminarily judge the degree of risk of death of patients with trauma through consciousness and then take different intensities and individualised treatment measures.

Hypotension is a risk factor for increased mortality in patients with trauma, and while systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg is considered the hypotension threshold, recent studies have suggested redefining hypotension at higher levels in patients with trauma [40]. Brown et al. [41] substituted a systolic blood pressure of < 110 mmHg for the current systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, which is beneficial for older patients and potentially valuable for all adult patients in field triage. In addition, studies have investigated the relationship between systolic blood pressure and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury, showing that pre-hospital systolic blood pressure < 110 mmHg is significantly correlated with in-hospital mortality, and the optimal hypotension threshold for patients ≤ 60 years old and > 60 years old is 100 mmHg and 120 mmHg respectively [42, 43]. This study showed that the risk of death in the emergency room of patients with systolic blood pressure < 110 mmHg was significantly higher than that of patients with a systolic blood pressure of 110–169 mmHg (OR = 2.363, P < 0.001). Patients with diastolic blood pressure < 59 mmHg and those with diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg had 2.086 and 1.874 times greater risk of death, respectively, than those with normal diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). In conclusion, age > 60 years, unconsciousness upon admission, systolic blood pressure < 110 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure, and abnormal heart rate were independent risk factors for death in the emergency room, suggesting that emergency medical staff should focus on these factors when treating patients and evaluating the factors influencing prognosis.

Limitations

This was a single-centre retrospective study without long-term follow-up. The risk factors of death in patients with acute trauma are relatively complex, and the type of trauma, time from injury to admission, trauma severity score, and physiological indicators were not included in this study. Therefore, a multicentre, prospective study is needed to improve the data and obtain more convincing data to provide a reference for emergency treatment and prognostic evaluation of patients with trauma.

Government departments and health institutions should formulate corresponding preventive measures based on the epidemiological characteristics of trauma, strengthen safety knowledge education for key groups, and reduce the incidence of trauma. The emergency department should rationally allocate health resources according to the law of admission for patients with trauma, standardise emergency procedures, and improve the quality and efficiency of treatment. Emergency medical staff should focus on patient awareness and vital sign monitoring, identify patients at high risk of death and provide active treatment.

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

WHO

World Health Organisation

GCS

Glasgow Coma Scale

TBI

Traumatic brain injuries

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of data acquisition and retrieval from Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.

Author contributions

Study design: Qi Lin, Sanlian Hu, Fanghui Dong. Data collection: Qi Lin, Xiaoping Shao. Data analyses: Qi Lin, Fanghui Dong. Manuscript drafting and revision: Qi Lin, Yang Yang, Sanlian Hu.

Funding

This study was supported by the projects of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Scientific Research Foundation project (No.x-2521LG)

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available fromthe corresponding author on reasonable request.

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author details

¹ Department of Emergency, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. Shanghai, China. ²Department of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. Shanghai, China. ³ Department of Emergency, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. Shanghai, China. ⁴School of Foreign Languages, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. ⁵Department of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. Shanghai, China.

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No competing interests reported.

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Epidemiological characteristics of 13,313 emergency room patients with trauma from 2013 to 2021: a single-centre retrospective study

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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Background

Methods

Statistical analyses

Results

Gender and age distribution of patients with trauma in the emergency room

Time distribution of patients with trauma in the emergency room

Multivariate logistic analysis of death in the emergency rescue room

Discussion

Limitations

Conclusions

Abbreviations

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References

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