Bandwidth Enhancement of Micro Strip Patch Antenna for 5G Range Applications

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2992068/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

Bandwidth Enhancement of Micro Strip Patch Antenna for 5G Range Applications

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2992068/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

You are reading this latest preprint version

The journey from 4G to 5G involves in lot many challenges in terms of spectrum sharing to antenna design to handle large bandwidths and work cooperatively. Compatible antenna design requirements include simple geometry, feed system, and scope for mass manufacturing. In this paper, the technique of designing antenna which can operate at 28GHz band has been demonstrated. The basic design is modified several times in terms of the feed line structure and the radiating patch geometry. In every stage the antenna is analyzed in terms of several radiation parameters to understand the radiation characteristics like pattern and gain. On the other hand, it is possible to study the effect of the geometrical non-uniformity along the plane of the feed line on the corresponding gain, pattern and resonant characteristics. The simulations are carried out on the HFSS and the analysis is performed on the simulated plots.

There is a revolutionary change in the speed of wireless connectivity due to the launch of 4G during 2009. Ideally, the 4G connectivity reported to be providing 10 times the speed than the exiting 3G technology. This has a huge impact on commercial, satellite and defense applications. The obvious advantages commercial market like internet of things (IoT). More interestingly, a cooperative approach is also seen in Industry 4.0. The industry 4.0 demands high speed connectivity along with excellent quality and robustness. This certainly became the common reason for the fast growing industrial environments. It is notable that the operating frequency of the 5G is higher than existing 4G[1]. It is obvious to mention that the bandwidth enhancement is the outcome with increased operating frequency. In 5G typical band is through 28GHz to 100GHz which contributes to a data speed of 10Gbps. As mentionedNew Radio (NR) is powered with 3GPP which is known for its smart, robust and high reliability. Basing on the empirical data, it is evident that the data-rate and coverage-area are conflicting parameters to each other. Further, any 5G NR system is expected to have high data-rate while sweeping wide areas of coverage. This is possible using the advanced Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB). With this parameter, it is possible to control the number of devices covered and enhance it with a proper optimal data-rates. This leads to a reliable and low latent network.This is essential task in the critical mission communication (CMC). Several applications like autonomous vehicles, remote surgeries, and other applications are considered under the category of CMC. There is another level of critical category of Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications. The IoT technology should handle the rapid data transfer in an environment where, the several devices are connected. However, this transfer takes place in irregular intervals of time. Similarly, massive Machine Type Communication(mMTC) is employed to handle the data coming irregularly. This upgradation need to be effective in order to help the devices compatible with the novel network system. Reconfiguration is another significant for this type of environment handling In all these aspects, the key role is to develop an antenna system and enhance its capability to handle data in large bandwidths. Hence there is functional requirement of antenna design for 5G separately [3][4]. More importantly, the patch antennas have become the best candidates for such applications due to their obvious planar low profile structures. By most found adaptations in smart phones, their ability of miniaturization of the entire circuit is a major advantage [5–13]. The flexibility they allow in designing to be cut in any desired shape and size makes them a popular choice.

Further, the manuscript is organized in four Sections in which the details of the proposed geometry are given in Section 2 while the details of Simulation, results and Discussion are mentioned in Section 3. Overall conclusions are presented in Section 4.

The proposed geometry has a basis of initial geometry as a simple square patch which is edge fed. The geometrical description of the proposed antennas are discussed in this section sequentially.

Geometry-1:

The first geometry is the initial one with a very simple rectangular shaped patch on the square shaped substrate. The typical geometry is 5.5 mm wide and 4.17 mm broad. It is fed by a microstrip line which has a 0.45 mm wide and 6 mm in length running from the centre of one side to the edge of the substrate. The substrate is Roggers RO4003 with a thickness of 0.5 mm and has a side dimension of 12 mm.

Geometry-2:

2.3 Geometry-3:

Similarly, geometry-3 is obtained from geometry-2 by simply modifying the feed line microstrip. The feed line has width is non linear and non-uniform. From the edge to a distance of 2 mm towards the patch width of the feed line is decreasing from 0.45 mm to 0.25 mm in four steps at regular intervals.

2.4 Geometry-4

In geometry-4, the corresponding non-uniform variation in the width size is changed. This change is in terms of the corresponding number of steps and the respective start and end widths. In this geometry-4, the start width was 0.4 mm and the end width is 0.2 mm. However, there is only one step that takes the width abruptly from 0.4 mm to 0.2 mm at a distance close to 2 mm from the edge of the substrate.

Geometry-5

Later in the case of Geometry-5, the one step non-uniform feed line as in the case of geomentry-3 the non-uniform step feed line existed at the last 2 mm. however, in the geomentry-5, the stepped progressive feed line is extended through the entire length of feed line.

3.1 Case-1:

Results pertaining to the simulated geometry are presented in this section. The analysis is carried out in terms of radiation patterns like reflection coefficients, VSWR and 3D radiation patterns plots. In the first case, the geometry-1 is analyzed and the plots are presented in Fig. 2(a) through Fig. 2(c). According Fig. 2(a), the resonant frequency is 28 GHz while the corresponding VSWR also reported very low values through the same frequency. Taking this into account, the corresponding radiation plot is generated as shown in Fig. 3(c).

3.2 Case-2:

According to reflection coefficient and VSWR, the resonant frequency is reported to be 28 GHz and radiation pattern also shown similarly with geometry-1.

3.3 Case-3:

Following this the characteristics of geometry-3 are presented in Fig. 4(a) through 4(c). Like wise geometry 1 and 2 characteristics, the features of geometry-3 are also similar in radiation terms. However, magnitude of S11 and VSWR are varied. The shape of the patters is also similar with the shape of two lobes separated.

3.4 Case-4:

It is also interesting to note that characteristic plots pertaining to frequency response are presented in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 for geometry − 4 and 5 respectively also shown similar features in terms of resonating frequency. But the respective magnitudes are different. This is possibly due to the feed line geometry difference.

Case-5:

The characteristics of all the geometry are consolidated and presented in Table 1. Though the characteristics are similar in terms of frequency and shape of the 3D patterns. However, the corresponding gain and the return loss are varying in accordance to the geometrical variations.

Table: Geometrical dimensions of the proposed antenna

S.No	Description	Return loss(dB)	Gain(dB)
1	Microstrip line	-24.69	6.6
2	Strip line with Circular slot on edges of the patch	-33.11	6.9
3	Microstrip line at step rate of 0.05mm from step size 0.45mm to 0.24mm with Circular slot on edges of the patch	-26.06	7.1
4	Microstrip line with single step i.e., from step size 0.45mm to 0.24mm with Circular slot on edges of the patch	-17.70	7.0
5	With BALUN (0.45mm to 0.24mm)with Circular slot on edges of the patch	-24.93	6.9

Typical characteristics of 5G antenna are simulated and analyzed successfully in this work. The frequency response in terms of S₁₁ and VSWR are quite similar in all the designed geometry. This is due to the fact that the resonating surface and dimensions are left unchanged. However, the corresponding change can be observed in gain and magnitude of S₁₁ and VSWR as mentioned in table 1. The S11 is reducing with geometry. This is possible due to the feed line variations. Further, it would be a good source of future work to develop prototype and get the measurements for validation.

Funding The authors have not disclosed any funding.

Data availability Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

Conflict of interest: Venkatrao kolli declares that he/she has no conflict of interest, and G.Merlin Sheeba declares that he/she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Akpakwu, Godfrey Anuga, et al. “A survey on 5G networks for the Internet of Things: Communication technologies and challenges.” IEEEAccess 6 (2017): 3619-3647.
Rost, Peter, et al. ”Network slicing to enable scalability and flexibility in 5G mobile networks.” IEEE Communications magazine 55.5 (2017):72-79.
Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X., George Mastorakis, and Jordi Mongay Batalla, eds. Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G mobile technologies.Vol. 8. Springer, 2016.
Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X., George Mastorakis, and Jordi Mongay Batalla, eds. Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G mobile technologies.Vol. 8. Springer, 2016.
Giordani, Marco, Marco Mezzavilla, and Michele Zorzi. ”Initial access in 5G mmWave cellular networks.” IEEE Communications Magazine54.11 (2016): 40-47.
Khan, I., Ali, T., Devanagavi, G.D., KR, S. and Biradar, R.C., 2018. A Multiband Slot Antenna loaded with Stubs for WLAN/WiMAX/SatelliteTV Applications. Advanced Electromagnetics, 7(5), pp.74-81.
Ali, Tanweer, Mohammad Saadh Aw, and Rajashekhar C. Biradar. ”AA Compact Bandwidth Enhanced Antenna Loaded with SRR ForWLAN/WiMAX/Satellite Applications.” Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 4 (2018): 78-84.
Khan, Imran, Tanweer Ali, Geeta D. Devanagavi, K. R. Sudhindra, and Rajashekhar C. Biradar. ”A Compact Multiband band Slot Antenna forWireless Applications.” Internet Technology Letters: e94.
Kumari, Runa, and Santanu Kumar Behera. ”Mushroomshaped dielectric resonator antenna forWiMAX applications.” Microwave and OpticalTechnology Letters 55, no. 6 (2013): 1360-1365.
Monti, Giuseppina, Laura Corchia, Egidio De Benedetto, and Luciano Tarricone. ”Wearable logo-antenna for GPSGSM-based tracking systems.”IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 10, no. 12 (2016): 1332-1338.
Shikder, Kawshik, and Farhadur Arifin. ”Extended UWB wearable logo textile antenna for body area network applications.” In 2016 5^thInternational Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), pp. 484-489. IEEE, 2016.
Sanz-Izquierdo B, Huang F, Batchelor JC. Dual-Band Button Antennas for Wearable Applications. In 2006 IEEE International Workshop onAntenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Meta materials (IWAT) 2006 (pp. 132-135).
Bist, Sourabh, Shweta Saini, Ved Prakash, and Bhaskar Nautiyal. ”Study the various feeding techniques of microstrip antenna using designand simulation using CST microwave studio.” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 4, no. 9 (2014).

Download PDF

Reviewers agreed at journal
17 Jun, 2023
Reviewers invited by journal
16 Jun, 2023
Editor assigned by journal
04 Jun, 2023
First submitted to journal
31 May, 2023

You are reading this latest preprint version

Bandwidth Enhancement of Micro Strip Patch Antenna for 5G Range Applications

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

1. Introduction

2. Proposed Geometry

2.3 Geometry-3:

2.4 Geometry-4

3. Results and Discussions

3.1 Case-1:

3.2 Case-2:

3.3 Case-3:

3.4 Case-4:

Conclusion

Declarations

References

Status:

Version 1