1.San Francisco Department of Public Health. HIV epidemiology annual report 2017
2018; Available at https://www.sfdph.org/dph/comupg/oprograms/HIVepiSec/HIVepiSecReports.asp. Assessed November 10, 2018.
2.Housing Instability Research Department. San Francisco homeless count and survey comprehensive report. http://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2017-SF-Point-in-Time-Count-General-FINAL–6.21.17.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2018.
3.Hibbs JR, Benner L, Klugman L, et al. Mortality in a cohort of homeless adults in Philadelphia. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(5):304–309.
4.Barrow SM, Herman DB, Cordova P, Struening EL. Mortality among homeless shelter residents in New York City. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(4):529–534.
5.Baggett TP, Hwang SW, O’Connell JJ, et al. Mortality among homeless adults in Boston: shifts in causes of death over a 15-year period. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(3):189–195.
6.Khanijow K, Hirozawa A, Ancock B, Hsu LC, Bamberger J, Schwarcz SK. Difference in Survival between Housed and Homeless individuals with HIV, San Francisco, 2002–2011. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2015;26(3):1005–1018.
7.Clemenzi-Allen A, Geng E, Christopoulos K, et al. Degree of Housing Instability Shows Independent “Dose-Response” With Virologic Suppression Rates Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018;5(3):ofy035.
8.Direct access to housing (DAH). Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing Web site. http://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/DAH-Information.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2018.
9.Schwarcz SK, Hsu LC, Vittinghoff E, Vu A, Bamberger JD, Katz MH. Impact of housing on the survival of persons with AIDS. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:220.
10.Tipton M, Alderete P, Flaherty S. Human services agency: Care not cash is achieving its goals. City and County of San Francisco Web site. https://www.sfcontroller.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/controller/reports/CareNotCash_20080430.pdf. Updated 2008. Accessed January 5, 2018.
11.Proposition 63. Mental health services expansion and funding. Legislative Analyst’s Office Web site. https://lao.ca.gov/ballot/2004/63_11_2004.htm. Updated 2004. Accessed January 6, 2018.
12.Douglas T. Mental health services act (MHSA) housing program semi-annual update. Department of Health Care Services Web site. https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/MH/Documents/4–2013SemiAnnRpt.pdf. Updated 2013. Accessed January 6, 2018.
13.Zetola NM, Klausner JD, Haller B, Nassos P, Katz MH. Association between rates of HIV testing and elimination of written consents in San Francisco. JAMA. 2007;297(10):1061–1062.
14.Schwarcz S, Hsu LC, Scheer S. Disparities and Trends in Viral Suppression During a Transition to a “Test and Treat” Approach to the HIV Epidemic, San Francisco, 2008–2012. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;70(5):529–537.
15.San Francisco program for rapid ART initiation and linkage to care: Standard operating procedures. San Francisco Department of Public Health Web site. https://www.gettingtozerosf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/20160822_citywide_rapid_protocol_v2.pdf. Accessed January 9, 2018.
16.CDC. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD–10-CM). In: National Center for Health Statistics; 1999.
17.U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey: Selected Economic Characteristics. In: U.S. Department of Commerce.
18.SAS Institute Inc, ed SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 9.4. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute Inc.; 2014.
19.Bing EG, Burnam MA, Longshore D, et al. Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(8):721–728.
20.Pence BW, Miller WC, Whetten K, Eron JJ, Gaynes BN. Prevalence of DSM-IV-defined mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in an HIV clinic in the Southeastern United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;42(3):298–306.
21.Chander G, Himelhoch S, Moore RD. Substance abuse and psychiatric disorders in HIV-positive patients: epidemiology and impact on antiretroviral therapy. Drugs. 2006;66(6):769–789.
22.Ingersoll K. The impact of psychiatric symptoms, drug use, and medication regimen on non-adherence to HIV treatment. AIDS Care. 2004;16(2):199–211.
23.Herbeck DM, Fitek DJ, Svikis DS, Montoya ID, Marcus SC, West JC. Treatment compliance in patients with comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. Am J Addict. 2005;14(3):195–207.
24.Strathdee SA, Palepu A, Cornelisse PG, et al. Barriers to use of free antiretroviral therapy in injection drug users. JAMA. 1998;280(6):547–549.
25.Gebo KA, Fleishman JA, Conviser R, et al. Racial and gender disparities in receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy persist in a multistate sample of HIV patients in 2001. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38(1):96–103.
26.Yehia BR, Stephens-Shield AJ, Momplaisir F, et al. Health Outcomes of HIV-Infected People with Mental Illness. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(8):1491–1500.
27.Leaver CA, Bargh G, Dunn JR, Hwang SW. The effects of housing status on health-related outcomes in people living with HIV: a systematic review of the literature. AIDS Behav. 2007;11(6 Suppl):85–100.
28.Hall G, Singh T, Lim SW. Supportive Housing Promotes AIDS-Free Survival for Chronically Homeless HIV Positive Persons with Behavioral Health Conditions. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(3):776–783.
29.Buchanan D, Kee R, Sadowski LS, Garcia D. The health impact of supportive housing for HIV-positive homeless patients: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Public Health. 2009;99 Suppl 3:S675–680.
30.Milloy MJ, Marshall BD, Montaner J, Wood E. Housing status and the health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2012;9(4):364–374.
31.Fauci AS, Redfield RR, Sigounas G, Weahkee MD, Giroir BP. Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for the United States. JAMA. 2019.
32.Folsom DP, Hawthorne W, Lindamer L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for homelessness and utilization of mental health services among 10,340 patients with serious mental illness in a large public mental health system. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(2):370–376.
33.Patel P, Hanson DL, Sullivan PS, et al. Incidence of types of cancer among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population in the United States, 1992–2003. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(10):728–736.
34.Silverberg MJ, Chao C, Leyden WA, et al. HIV infection and the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause. AIDS. 2009;23(17):2337–2345.
35.Crum-Cianflone NF, Hullsiek KH, Marconi V, et al. Trends in the incidence of cancers among HIV-infected persons and the impact of antiretroviral therapy: authors’ reply. AIDS. 2009;23(13):1791–1792.
36.Shiels MS, Cole SR, Kirk GD, Poole C. A meta-analysis of the incidence of non-AIDS cancers in HIV-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(5):611–622.
37.Grulich AE, van Leeuwen MT, Falster MO, Vajdic CM. Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007;370(9581):59–67.
38.Lima VD, Hogg RS, Harrigan PR, et al. Continued improvement in survival among HIV-infected individuals with newer forms of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2007;21(6):685–692.
39.Smith Sehdev AE, Hutchins GM. Problems with proper completion and accuracy of the cause-of-death statement. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(2):277–284.
40.Trepka MJ, Sheehan DM, Fennie KP, Niyonsenga T, Lieb S, Maddox LM. Completeness of HIV reporting on death certificates for Floridians reported with HIV infection, 2000–2011. AIDS Care. 2016;28(1):98–103.
41.McGivern L, Shulman L, Carney JK, Shapiro S, Bundock E. Death Certification Errors and the Effect on Mortality Statistics. Public Health Rep. 2017;132(6):669–675.