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Research article
Beverly Egyir
University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5032-8739
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Background Typically, raw meat can be contaminated with antimicrobial resistant pathogens at unhygienic slaughter and sale points. Consumption of meat contaminated with antimicrobial resistant E. coli is associated with grave health care consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of raw meat, the antimicrobial susceptibility and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from raw meat.
Methods We collected 205 meat samples from beef (n=81), chevon (n=108) and mutton (n=16) at three slaughter sites in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. We performed Total Plate Counts (TPC) and Total Coliform Counts (TCC) and isolated E. coli using standard bacteriological methods. Presumptive isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). We assessed the susceptibility to 11 antibiotics using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and assessed ESBL production using the combination disk test. PCR amplification of associated resistant genes bla TEM, bla SHV, and bla CTX-M was performed for presumptive ESBL isolates.
Results Total Plate Counts exceeded the acceptable limit of 5.0 log CFU/ cm 2 in 60.5% (124/205) of raw meat samples. Total Coliform Counts in 70.7% (145/205) of samples were in excess of the acceptable limit of 2.5 log CFU/cm 2 . E. coli was detected in about half of raw meat samples (48%), ranging from 9.5% -79.0% among the slaughter sites. Isolates were susceptible to meropenem (100%), ceftriaxone (99%), cefotaxime (98%), chloramphenicol (97%), gentamycin (97%), ciprofloxacin (92%) and amikacin (92%), but resistant to ampicillin (57%), tetracycline (45%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (21%) and cefuroxime (17%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was identified in 22% of the isolates. We detected the bla TEM gene in 4% (4/98) of E. coli isolates in this study.
Conclusion The levels of microbial contamination of raw meat in this study were unacceptable. Meat handlers and consumers are at risk of foodborne infections from E. coli including ESBL producing E. coli that are resistant to most antibiotics in use. We recommend an enhanced surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in food products for the early detection of emerging resistant bacteria species in the food chain.
Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance, E. coli, raw meat, ESBL, Ghana
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Received 28 Jul, 2020
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On 10 Jul, 2020
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On 09 Jul, 2020
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On 09 Jul, 2020
Version 1
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No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 23 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 23 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 03 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Jun, 2020
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On 21 May, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Microbiology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Beverly Egyir
University of Ghana Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5032-8739
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 05 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 04 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 30 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 28 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 10 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 10 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Jul, 2020
Version 1
Posted 02 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 23 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 23 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 03 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 May, 2020
First submitted
On 20 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
Background Typically, raw meat can be contaminated with antimicrobial resistant pathogens at unhygienic slaughter and sale points. Consumption of meat contaminated with antimicrobial resistant E. coli is associated with grave health care consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of raw meat, the antimicrobial susceptibility and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from raw meat.
Methods We collected 205 meat samples from beef (n=81), chevon (n=108) and mutton (n=16) at three slaughter sites in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. We performed Total Plate Counts (TPC) and Total Coliform Counts (TCC) and isolated E. coli using standard bacteriological methods. Presumptive isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). We assessed the susceptibility to 11 antibiotics using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and assessed ESBL production using the combination disk test. PCR amplification of associated resistant genes bla TEM, bla SHV, and bla CTX-M was performed for presumptive ESBL isolates.
Results Total Plate Counts exceeded the acceptable limit of 5.0 log CFU/ cm 2 in 60.5% (124/205) of raw meat samples. Total Coliform Counts in 70.7% (145/205) of samples were in excess of the acceptable limit of 2.5 log CFU/cm 2 . E. coli was detected in about half of raw meat samples (48%), ranging from 9.5% -79.0% among the slaughter sites. Isolates were susceptible to meropenem (100%), ceftriaxone (99%), cefotaxime (98%), chloramphenicol (97%), gentamycin (97%), ciprofloxacin (92%) and amikacin (92%), but resistant to ampicillin (57%), tetracycline (45%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (21%) and cefuroxime (17%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was identified in 22% of the isolates. We detected the bla TEM gene in 4% (4/98) of E. coli isolates in this study.
Conclusion The levels of microbial contamination of raw meat in this study were unacceptable. Meat handlers and consumers are at risk of foodborne infections from E. coli including ESBL producing E. coli that are resistant to most antibiotics in use. We recommend an enhanced surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in food products for the early detection of emerging resistant bacteria species in the food chain.
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