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Research Article
Burcin Koklu
Sakarya University Educational Research Hospital, Eye Clinic
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-0627
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Purpose
To assess structural (optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence) and functional (contrast sensitivity and visual field) test results used for detecting early retinal changes in patients who were using oral hydroxychloroquine.
METHODS
Patients who were taking oral hydroxychloroquine for at least one year were divided into two groups in accordance with the duration of drug use. Group 1 and 2 comprised patients with drug use exceeding 5 years and 1–5 years, respectively. Besides, drug-free control group was composed. Upon full ophthalmic examination, the mean retinal nerve layer thickness (RNFL), central macular thickness (CMT), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPL), static 10 − 2 visual field, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, and contrast sensitivity tests were performed and statistically compared between groups.
RESULTS
RNFL thickness was found to be statistically significantly lower in the median and temporal quadrant than in the control group. No significant difference was found between the groups in the other quadrants. The GC-IPL sectoral and mean thickness were found to be statistically lower in all quadrants as compared to the control group in the patient groups. CMT was also found to be similar in all three groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in visual field parameters. While macular FAF images were significantly higher in the drug users than in the control group, no significant difference was found between the three groups in foveal FAF images. Contrast sensitivity measurements were significantly lower in the patient groups than in the control group at all spatial frequencies except 6 and 18 cycles / degree.
CONCLUSIONS
The combined use of structural and functional tests in patients using hydroxychloroquine provides useful information in detecting early retinal changes.
Keywords
Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence imaging
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This is a preprint. It has not completed peer review.
Research Article
Burcin Koklu
Sakarya University Educational Research Hospital, Eye Clinic
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-0627
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 18 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Ophthalmology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Purpose
To assess structural (optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence) and functional (contrast sensitivity and visual field) test results used for detecting early retinal changes in patients who were using oral hydroxychloroquine.
METHODS
Patients who were taking oral hydroxychloroquine for at least one year were divided into two groups in accordance with the duration of drug use. Group 1 and 2 comprised patients with drug use exceeding 5 years and 1–5 years, respectively. Besides, drug-free control group was composed. Upon full ophthalmic examination, the mean retinal nerve layer thickness (RNFL), central macular thickness (CMT), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPL), static 10 − 2 visual field, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, and contrast sensitivity tests were performed and statistically compared between groups.
RESULTS
RNFL thickness was found to be statistically significantly lower in the median and temporal quadrant than in the control group. No significant difference was found between the groups in the other quadrants. The GC-IPL sectoral and mean thickness were found to be statistically lower in all quadrants as compared to the control group in the patient groups. CMT was also found to be similar in all three groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in visual field parameters. While macular FAF images were significantly higher in the drug users than in the control group, no significant difference was found between the three groups in foveal FAF images. Contrast sensitivity measurements were significantly lower in the patient groups than in the control group at all spatial frequencies except 6 and 18 cycles / degree.
CONCLUSIONS
The combined use of structural and functional tests in patients using hydroxychloroquine provides useful information in detecting early retinal changes.
Figure 1
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