1.Smith JA. Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation: a double-edged sword. J Leukoc Biol. 1994; 56:672–86
2.Nathan C. Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities. Nature reviews Immunology. 2006; 6:173–82
3.Schleimer RP, Freeland HS, Peters SP, Brown KE, Derse CP. An assessment of the effects of glucocorticoids on degranulation, chemotaxis, binding to vascular endothelium and formation of leukotriene B4 by purified human neutrophils. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1989; 250
4.Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, Fauler B, Uhlemann Y, Weiss DS, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science (New York, NY). 2004; 303:1532–5
5.Fuchs TA, Abed U, Goosmann C, Hurwitz R, Schulze I, Wahn V, et al. Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps. The Journal of cell biology. 2007; 176:231–41
6.Urban CF, Reichard U, Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil extracellular traps capture and kill Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms. Cell Microbiol. 2006; 8:668–76
7.Clark SR, Ma AC, Tavener SA, McDonald B, Goodarzi Z, Kelly MM, et al. Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood. Nat Med. 2007; 13:463–9
8.Meng W, Paunel-Görgülü A, Flohé S, Hoffmann A, Witte I, MacKenzie C, et al. Depletion of neutrophil extracellular traps in vivo results in hypersusceptibility to polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Crit Care. 2012; 16:R137
9.Fuchs TA, Brill A, Wagner DD. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) impact on deep vein thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012; 32:1777–83
10.Czaikoski PG, Mota JM, Nascimento DC, Sonego F, Castanheira FV, Melo PH, et al. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Organ Damage during Experimental and Clinical Sepsis. PLoS One. 2016; 11:e0148142
11.Hashiba M, Huq A, Tomino A, Hirakawa A, Hattori T, Miyabe H, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps in patients with sepsis. J Surg Res. 2015; 194:248–54
12.Zhang Q, Raoof M, Chen Y, Sumi Y, Sursal T, Junger W, et al. Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature. 2010; 464:104–7
13.Schäfer ST, Franken L, Adamzik M, Schumak B, Scherag A, Engler A, et al. Mitochondrial DNA: An Endogenous Trigger for Immune Paralysis. Anesthesiology. 2016; 124:923–33
14.Zhang Q, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ. Mitochondrial DNA is released by shock and activates neutrophils via p38 map kinase. Shock. 2010; 34:55–9
15.Nakahira K, Kyung SY, Rogers AJ, Gazourian L, Youn S, Massaro AF, et al. Circulating mitochondrial DNA in patients in the ICU as a marker of mortality: derivation and validation. PLoS medicine. 2013; 10:e1001577
16.Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Intensive care medicine. 2013; 39:165–228
17.Ferreira FL, Bota DP, Bross A, Melot C, Vincent JL. Serial evaluation of the SOFA score to predict outcome in critically ill patients. Jama. 2001; 286:1754–1758
18.von Köckritz-Blickwede MC, O.; Ghochani, M.; Nizet, V. Visualization and functional
evaluation of phagocyte extracellular traps. Kaufmann, S; Kabelitz, D, editors Immunology of Infection. 2010; 3:139 - 50
19.Brinkmann V, Laube B, Abu Abed U, Goosmann C, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: How to Generate and Visualize Them. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. 2010
20.Losman MJ, Fasy TM, Novick KE, Monestier M. Monoclonal autoantibodies to subnucleosomes from a MRL/Mp(-)+/+ mouse. Oligoclonality of the antibody response and recognition of a determinant composed of histones H2A, H2B, and DNA. J Immunol. 1992; 148:1561–9
21.Brogden G, Neumann A, Husein DM, Reuner F, Naim HY, von Kockritz-Blickwede M. Methods to Study Lipid Alterations in Neutrophils and the Subsequent Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. 2017
22.Hamaguchi S, Akeda Y, Yamamoto N, Seki M, Yamamoto K, Oishi K, et al. Origin of Circulating Free DNA in Sepsis: Analysis of the CLP Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm. 2015; 2015: 614518
23.Patel JM, Sapey E, Parekh D, Scott A, Dosanjh D, Gao F, et al. Sepsis Induces a Dysregulated Neutrophil Phenotype That Is Associated with Increased Mortality. Mediators Inflamm. 2018;2018: 4065362
24.Gavillet M, Martinod K, Renella R, Harris C, Shapiro NI, Wagner DD, et al. Flow cytometric assay for direct quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps in blood samples. American journal of hematology. 2015; 90:1155–8
25.Vollger L, Akong-Moore K, Cox L, Goldmann O, Wang Y, Schafer ST, et al. Iron-chelating agent desferrioxamine stimulates formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in human blood-derived neutrophils. Bioscience reports. 2016; 36
26.Prikhodko AS, Shabanov AK, Zinovkina LA, Popova EN, Aznauryan MA, Lanina NO, et al. Pure Mitochondrial DNA Does Not Activate Human Neutrophils in vitro. Biochemistry Biokhimiia. 2015; 80:629–35
27.Fuchs TA, Brill A, Duerschmied D, Schatzberg D, Monestier M, Myers DD, et al. Extracellular DNA traps promote thrombosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010; 107:15880–5
28.Boomer JS, To K, Chang KC, Takasu O, Osborne DF, Walton AH, et al. Immunosuppression in patients who die of sepsis and multiple organ failure. Jama. 2011; 306:2594–605
29.Boomer JS, Shuherk-Shaffer J, Hotchkiss RS, Green JM. A prospective analysis of lymphocyte phenotype and function over the course of acute sepsis. Crit Care. 2012; 16:R112
30.Ward PA. Immunosuppression in sepsis. Jama. 2011; 306:2618–9
31.Phillipson M, Kubes P. The neutrophil in vascular inflammation. Nat Med. 2011; 17:1381–90
32.Ortmann W, Kolaczkowska E. Age is the work of art? Impact of neutrophil and organism age on neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Cell and tissue research. 2018; 371:473–88.
33.Hazeldine J, Harris P, Chapple IL, Grant M, Greenwood H, Livesey A, et al. Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation: a novel defect in the innate immune system of aged individuals. Aging cell. 2014; 13:690–8
34.Itagaki K, Kaczmarek E, Lee YT, Tang IT, Isal B, Adibnia Y, et al. Mitochondrial DNA released by trauma induces neutrophil extracellular traps. PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0120549