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Research article
Analysis of cranial type characteristics in term infants: A multi-center study
Zhang Yuping
The Second Affiliate Hospital of Army Medical University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-2726
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Positional head deformity (PHD) is defined as a change in the shape of an infant's skull due to an external force. In certain cases, it can lead to cosmetic deformities or even neurological issues due to its impact on the developing nervous system. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the incidence and characteristics of PHD in term infants in China and preliminarily establish a localized diagnostic reference standard.
Methods: Overall, 4456 term infants from three medical institutions in Chongqing were and divided and analyzed according to their age. Cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) and cephalic index (CI) were calculated in all infants. The current international diagnostic criteria were used to understand PHD incidence and analyze the CVA and CI distribution.
Results: According to the current international standards, the total detection rate of PHD in Chongqing’s term infants was 81.5%, with brachycephaly alone being the most frequent (39.4%), followed by brachycephaly with plagiocephaly (34.8%) and plagiocephaly alone (6.2%). The detection rates of dolichocephaly were low: alone, 0.9% and combined with plagiocephaly, 0.2%. According to age, plagiocephaly (44.5%) and brachycephaly (82.0%) were the most frequent in the 2-3-month group. The 75th/90th/97th and 3rd/10th/25th/75th/90th/97th percentiles of CVA and CIs were 0.4/0.7/1.0 and 76.4/78.8/82.3/91.1/94.6/99.2%, respectively.
Conclusions: According to the current international standards, the PHD detection rate among term infants in Chongqing was high. Therefore, a new diagnostic standard for Chinese infants was proposed where CVA ≥0.4 cm indicates plagiocephaly, CI ≥91% indicates brachycephaly, and CI ≤82% indicates dolichocephaly.
Keywords
positional head deformity, term infants, plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, dolichocephaly
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 2
Posted 28 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 04 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 28 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 21 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 May, 2020
First submitted
On 20 May, 2020
Metrics
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Subject Areas
Pediatrics
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Pediatrics. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Analysis of cranial type characteristics in term infants: A multi-center study
Zhang Yuping
The Second Affiliate Hospital of Army Medical University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-2726
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 2
Posted 28 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 04 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 28 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 21 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 May, 2020
First submitted
On 20 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Pediatrics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Positional head deformity (PHD) is defined as a change in the shape of an infant's skull due to an external force. In certain cases, it can lead to cosmetic deformities or even neurological issues due to its impact on the developing nervous system. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the incidence and characteristics of PHD in term infants in China and preliminarily establish a localized diagnostic reference standard.
Methods: Overall, 4456 term infants from three medical institutions in Chongqing were and divided and analyzed according to their age. Cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) and cephalic index (CI) were calculated in all infants. The current international diagnostic criteria were used to understand PHD incidence and analyze the CVA and CI distribution.
Results: According to the current international standards, the total detection rate of PHD in Chongqing’s term infants was 81.5%, with brachycephaly alone being the most frequent (39.4%), followed by brachycephaly with plagiocephaly (34.8%) and plagiocephaly alone (6.2%). The detection rates of dolichocephaly were low: alone, 0.9% and combined with plagiocephaly, 0.2%. According to age, plagiocephaly (44.5%) and brachycephaly (82.0%) were the most frequent in the 2-3-month group. The 75th/90th/97th and 3rd/10th/25th/75th/90th/97th percentiles of CVA and CIs were 0.4/0.7/1.0 and 76.4/78.8/82.3/91.1/94.6/99.2%, respectively.
Conclusions: According to the current international standards, the PHD detection rate among term infants in Chongqing was high. Therefore, a new diagnostic standard for Chinese infants was proposed where CVA ≥0.4 cm indicates plagiocephaly, CI ≥91% indicates brachycephaly, and CI ≤82% indicates dolichocephaly.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3