Individual immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are well-studied, while the combined effect of these responses on population-level dynamics of immunity remain poorly understood. In this study we examined spike antibody responses among participants in the Dominican Republic, selected using a multistage household sampling technique and spanning waves of intense Delta, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 transmission (August 2021 to November 2022). We observed a transformation in population antibody markers from an irregular to a normalized Gaussian distribution. This change can be attributed to boosted antibody responses in individuals with initially lower immunity, and the waning of antibodies in those with higher baseline levels, irrespective of any subsequent vaccinations. Our findings suggest a process of “immunological leveling" at the population level, primarily driven by immune restricted transmission. Out-of-sample validation reliably predicted later S-antibody levels, affirming the consistency of baseline measurements as a predictor. The generalizability of these dynamics was reinforced by consistent findings across distinct regions in the Dominican Republic. Our results suggest that core principles of ecological competition can provide insights into the patterns of immune responses and susceptibility at a population level. These ecological principles can enhance our understanding of immunoepidemiology, help refine transmission models and potentially guide public health interventions for future emerging pathogens.