Hierarchically porous silicon-based ceramics present unique opportunities for new health, energy, aerospace, and defence applications. However, their manufacturing has always been challenging, limiting their wider adoption and demonstrating their true potential. Manufacturing these materials through conventional templating and etching processes has been impractical, and modern additive manufacturing of hierarchically porous silicon-based ceramics has not been realised. Here we show a new resin system to allow 3D printing of controlled porosity silicon-based ceramics using low-cost and high-resolution photo-polymerisation-based printing methods. The method has enabled printing of three-dimensional complex micro-structures, such as microneedle arrays, and the intimate mimicking of leaves and insect wings, with controlled unimodal, bimodal, and trimodal porosity black glass. It has also been used to develop high-resolution multi-material structures with different porosities integrated into a unibody design using the standard single-material digital light projection-based printers. The approach can be extended to other binary, tertiary, or quaternary silicon-based ceramics. This work allows the production of bespoke macrostructures with three-dimensionally controlled microfeatures, incorporating an hierarchical series of pores, from a few micrometres to sub-nanometre-sized, delivering unique structure and function relationships and paving the way for the next generation of nature-inspired energy generators, photonic crystals, catalytic reactors, sorbents, filters, and medical implants.