Table 1 Characteristics of the sample, in 2017, China (N=115412).
Variables
|
Subgroups
|
N
|
%
|
Variables
|
Subgroups
|
N
|
%
|
Awareness of NEPHS
|
No
|
47365
|
41.0
|
REDL
|
LMIPs
|
35199
|
30.5
|
Yes
|
68047
|
59.0
|
HIPs
|
80215
|
69.5
|
Registration of Health Records
|
No
|
80662
|
69.9
|
Cognitive Social Capital
|
Level 1:6-14
|
4760
|
4.1
|
Yes
|
34750
|
30.1
|
Level 2:15-16
|
12132
|
10.5
|
Sex
|
Male
|
59399
|
51.5
|
Level 3:17
|
17860
|
15.5
|
Female
|
56013
|
48.5
|
Level 4:18
|
25699
|
22.3
|
Community type
|
Urban
|
79520
|
68.9
|
Level 5:19-20
|
21088
|
18.3
|
Rural
|
35892
|
31.1
|
Level 6:21-22
|
16936
|
14.7
|
Residence duration
|
≤3 years
|
33278
|
28.8
|
Level 7:23
|
9493
|
8.2
|
3-10 years
|
82134
|
71.2
|
Level 8:24
|
7444
|
6.4
|
Education
|
≤9 years
|
72453
|
62.8
|
Civic participation
|
No
|
65075
|
56.4
|
>9 years
|
42959
|
37.2
|
Yes
|
50337
|
43.6
|
MR
|
intra-province
|
47957
|
41.6
|
Social participation
|
No
|
59431
|
51.5
|
inter-province
|
67455
|
58.4
|
Yes
|
55981
|
48.5
|
Note: HIPs: high income provinces, LMIPs: low-and middle- income provinces, MR: Migration Range, NEPHS: National Essential Public Health Services, REDL: Regional Economic Development Level. Abbreviations in other tables mean the same thing.
Table 2 Impact of sex, community type, community type, MR, REDL and social capital on utilization of NEPHS (N=115412).
Variables
|
Subgroups
|
Awareness of NEPHS
|
Registration of Health Records
|
Rate of yes (%)
|
Χ2
|
Rate of yes (%)
|
Χ2
|
Sex
|
Male
|
58.4
|
14.378***
|
29.2
|
45.973***
|
Female
|
59.5
|
31.1
|
Community type
|
Urban
|
62.7
|
1515.834***
|
33.5
|
1388.108***
|
Rural
|
50.6
|
22.6
|
Residence duration
|
≤3 years
|
57.7
|
30.890***
|
28.8
|
37.802***
|
>3 years
|
59.5
|
30.6
|
Education
|
≤9 years
|
55.3
|
1076.415***
|
27.4
|
684.009***
|
>9 years
|
65.1
|
34.7
|
MR
|
intra-province
|
63.3
|
645.592***
|
33.7
|
516.466***
|
inter-province
|
55.9
|
27.5
|
REDL
|
LMIPs
|
64.4
|
627.718***
|
34.1
|
388.239***
|
HIPs
|
56.6
|
28.3
|
Cognitive Social Capital
|
Level 1
|
40.5
|
3448.248***
|
19.5
|
2416.408***
|
Level 2
|
47.1
|
21.5
|
Level 3
|
50.8
|
23.7
|
Level 4
|
57.5
|
27.7
|
Level 5
|
62.8
|
32.5
|
Level 6
|
67.0
|
35.6
|
Level 7
|
69.8
|
39.4
|
Level 8
|
71.8
|
43.4
|
Civic participation
|
No
|
52.2
|
2791.430***
|
24.7
|
2082.486***
|
Yes
|
67.7
|
37.1
|
Social participation
|
No
|
50.2
|
3865.413***
|
23.3
|
2737.875***
|
Yes
|
68.2
|
37.4
|
Note: ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
Table 3 Distribution of social capital and NEPHS utilization levels in different MR and REDL groups (N=115412).
Outcome variable
|
HIPs
|
LMIPs
|
Intra-province
|
Inter-province
|
Total
|
Intra-province
|
Inter-province
|
Total
|
Cognitive Social Capital
(M ± SD)
|
4.73 ± 1.736
|
4.01 ± 1.713
|
4.23 ± 1.751
|
5.13 ± 1.767
|
5.02 ± 1.775
|
5.10 ± 1.771
|
Civic participation(%)
|
49.3
|
40.5
|
43.2
|
46.1
|
41.5
|
44.7
|
Social participation(%)
|
55.3
|
47.2
|
49.6
|
48.1
|
41.5
|
46.0
|
Awareness of NEPHS(%)
|
61.1
|
54.6
|
56.6
|
65.6
|
62.0
|
64.4
|
Registration of Health Records(%)
|
31.9
|
26.8
|
28.3
|
35.5
|
31.0
|
34.1
|
Table 4 Logistic regression results of MR, REDL and MR*REDL on social capital and utilization of NEPHS (N=115412).
Independent Variables
|
Reference group
|
Dependent Variables (OR)
|
Civic participation
|
Social participation
|
Awareness of NEPHS
|
Registration of Health Records
|
MR Inter- province
|
Intra-province
|
0.830***
|
0.767***
|
0.856***
|
0.812***
|
REDL HIPs
|
LMIPs
|
1.135***
|
1.338***
|
0.823***
|
0.847***
|
MR*REDL
|
|
0.846***
|
0.939*
|
0.897***
|
0.964
|
Note: ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
Table 5 Logistic regression results of sex, community type, residence duration, MR, REDL and social capital on utilization of NEPHS (N=115412).
Independent Variables
|
Reference group
|
Awareness of NEPHS (OR)
|
Registration of Health Records (OR)
|
Block 1
|
Block 2
|
Block 1
|
Block 2
|
sex Female
|
Male
|
1.055***
|
1.132***
|
1.094***
|
1.165***
|
Community type Rural
|
Urban
|
0.695***
|
0.776***
|
0.649***
|
0.719***
|
Residence duration 3-10 years
|
≤3 years
|
1.090***
|
1.017
|
1.104***
|
1.035**
|
Education >9 years
|
≤9 years
|
1.391***
|
1.136***
|
1.289***
|
1.069***
|
MR Inter- province
|
Intra-province
|
0.863***
|
0.792***
|
0.858***
|
0.806***
|
REDL HIPs
|
LMIPs
|
0.805***
|
0.838***
|
0.862***
|
0.844**
|
Cognitive Social Capital
|
|
|
1.147***
|
|
1.143***
|
Civic participation Yes
|
No
|
|
1.463***
|
|
1.315***
|
Social participation Yes
|
No
|
|
1.639***
|
|
1.449***
|
MR*Cognitive Social Capital
|
|
|
1.024**
|
|
1.009
|
MR*civic participation
|
|
|
1.060
|
|
1.042
|
MR*social participation
|
|
|
0.967
|
|
0.988
|
REDL*Cognitive Social Capital
|
|
|
1.005
|
|
0.995
|
REDL*civic participation
|
|
|
0.865***
|
|
0.933
|
REDL*social participation
|
|
|
1.018
|
|
1.151**
|
MR*REDL*Cognitive Social Capital
|
|
|
0.990
|
|
0.993
|
MR*REDL*civic participation
|
|
|
1.131*
|
|
1.211**
|
MR*REDL*social participation
|
|
|
1.204**
|
|
1.134*
|
Note: (1) ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05. (2) CSC was treated as a ordinal variable, as was the rest of the analysis.
Table 6 Logistic regression results of sex, community type, residence duration, education, MR and social capital on awareness of NEPHS and RHR in two groups of REDL (N=115412).
Independent Variables
|
Reference group
|
Awareness of NEPHS (OR)
|
Registration of Health Records (OR)
|
Model 1 (LMIPs)
|
Model 2(HIPs)
|
Model 3(LMIPs )
|
Model 4(HIPs)
|
Cognitive Social Capital
|
|
1.161***
|
1.142***
|
1.148***
|
1.135***
|
Civic participation Yes
|
No
|
1.479***
|
1.260***
|
1.357***
|
1.210***
|
Social participation Yes
|
No
|
1.636***
|
1.660***
|
1.484***
|
1.660***
|
MR*Cognitive Social Capital
|
|
0.999
|
1.025**
|
1.012
|
0.999
|
MR*civic participation
|
|
1.044
|
1.200***
|
1.039
|
1.251***
|
MR*social participation
|
|
0.962
|
1.175***
|
0.986
|
1.114**
|
Note: (1)***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05. (2) In Table 6, sex, community type, residence duration and MR in the model are treated in a similar way as in Table 5, but they are not presented in the table to save space.