Translation and folding of polypeptides are influenced by folding energy and mRNA secondary structure stability. To avoid ribosomal jamming and ensure the correct folding of newly translated peptides, stable RNA structures control the speed of translation[32]. LncRNAs could bind to several different molecules and the change in structure could be an important factor for lncRNA interactions. The secondary structure of RNA may be determined using Selective 2′ Hydroxyl Acylation assessed by Primer Extension (SHAPE), however little study has been done on how the SNPs influence structural alteration[33]. Studies have also shown that; ribosnitchs (SNP that alter the structure of lncRNAs) play an important role in regulating gene expression and subsequently in cancer; In fact, ribosnitchs can alter the secondary structure of lncRNAs; As a result, affect intermolecular interactions, such as interactions with proteins, miRNAs, and the binding site of miRNAs on the structure of mRNA; The latter case led to a change in the expression of the relevant gene; Finally, it can be involved in the development and progression of cancer[34]. In addition, other studies show that LncRNA PRNCR1 causes prostate cancer; moreover, the SNPs in this lncRNA change their secondary structure; then interfered with LncRNA-partners interactions; and finally, increase the risk of cancer[35–37]. We predicted that rs9637231 could change the structure of LINC02892. Similar to us, AlMutairi et al. demonstrated that the rs1456315 mutant's secondary structure differs from that of the wild-type[38]. rs114020893 was predicted to change the secondary structure of NEXN-AS1 at 1p31.1, increasing the risk of lung cancer[39]. According to Fu et al., the C > T mutation rs12982687 might change the secondary structure of UCA1[40].
Protein binding affinity might be affected by structural changes. Wang et al. discovered that the rs55829688 variation in the GAS5 promoter was linked to an increased risk of CRC and reduced GAS5 production via altering the binding affinity of the transcription factors YY1 to GAS5(41).in addition, The rs7763881 and rs1328867 In the HULC promoter have led to a change in its expression And is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer[42]. Also, in another study by Hua et al.; It was shown that SNP rs11672691 within the LncRNA PCAT19 promoter, which reduces the expression levels of both long and short transcripts; Increases the risk of prostate cancer[43]. according to Ming-li Yang et al., the SNP rs26332159 within the promoter region of PCAT1 lncRNA affects its expression; and subsequently has a positive association with colorectal cancer; In fact, this study shows that; This polymorphism increases the risk of cancer by 1.37 and 2.19 times in dominant and recessive models, respectively; Quantitative trait locus (eQTL) expression analysis showed that; This polymorphism alters the binding of transcription factors EBF, LUN-1, and TCF12 to the promoter region of the lncRNA gene, and affects its expression[44]. This prompted us to investigate if the alteration in LINC02892 transcripts could change the binding affinity of proteins. We utilized catRAPID, lncpro, and RBPDB to determine which proteins bind to LINC02892. We discovered that various proteins, including SRSF2, SRSF9, and ELAV1, may bind to LINC02892. We confirmed the bind of these proteins to LINC02892 via docking and found that the alteration in rs9637231 could change the affinity of the protein:lncRNA complex. The results of molecular dynamics also confirmed this.
To improve our understanding of the possible protein binding mechanisms of LINC02892, we planned an in silico study based on molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, the interaction between LINC02892 and ELAVL1 was selected as a well-known lncRNA-protein interaction. Overall, the simulation results indicated that the LINC02892 with the C allele has a higher affinity for protein than the T allele.
A change in the structure of lncRNA could alter the localization of these molecules. Therefore, we predicted the effect of rs9637231 on changing the localization of LINC02892 and found no significant alteration.
Structural changes might influence miRNA binding in lncRNA. Wu et al. discovered that the rs664589 G allele changed miR-194-5p binding in the nucleus, resulting in higher MALAT1 expression and colorectal cancer development[45]. Structural changes in lncRNA might change miRNA binding sites on these molecules. The rs2366152C SNP on HOTAIR, for example, affected the secondary structure, resulting in the removal of the binding site for miR-22. Furthermore, Wu et al. showed that the rs664589 G allele changed binding to miR-194-5p in the nucleus, leading to increased MALAT1 expression and colorectal cancer development[45]. Zhuo. Et al. Showed that rs619586 could; Connect to mir-214, And directly suppress MALAT1 expression. Several studies have shown that increased MALAT1 expression leads to an increased risk of cancer(46, 47). Fu et al .; Showed that the SNPrs12982687 in the UCA1 lncRNA may affect the interaction of lncRNA with miR-873; Therefore affecting the performance of the HIF-1 signaling pathway; And thus increasing the risk and progression of colorectal cancer;101, in addition, Shen et al. Showed that the T > C SNPrs1317082 variant in the CCSlnc362 lncRNA enhances the binding of the lncRNA to miR-4658, reduces the expression of this lncRNA, and ultimately reduces the susceptibility to CRC.102 We discovered that changing C to T resulted in the addition of binding sites for hsa-miR-141-3p and hsa-miR-200a-3p on LINC02892 and changes to the binding sites of numerous other miRNAs (Table 2).
The significant information gap between SNP association and the molecular mechanism leading to disease risk provides both a question and an opportunity to discover lncRNAs with essential roles in cancer. A regulatory element polymorphism may affect the quantity of a gene transcript. However, many SNPs are located in intergenic or intronic areas, and their interaction with lncRNA activity in the cell environment may be far more complicated. As of now, the most important consequences of lncRNA SNP research are cancer risk assessment and susceptibility. However, with the advancement of next-generation sequencing and the introduction of single-cell sequencing, probably, a slew of new findings on the role of lncRNAs in cancer is finally on the way(51). The in silico study carried out showed that alteration of SNP rs9637231 from C to U led to the change in the secondary and tertiary structure of the LINC02892 in all 3 transcripts and also the stability of the LINC02892 increase for C to U alteration in all 3 transcripts and also the stability of lncRNA transcriptions are transcript1 > transcript2 > transcript3. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 -figtranscript1,2 and 3. pdf(A)) In addition in slico study determined the proteins that interacted with 3 transcripts. To simulate static and dynamic lens-pr interactions, docking and grow macks were performed. Table 1 showed that alteration for c to u leads to the difference in the haddock score of all 3 lncRNA-protein, which shows the amount of interaction and stability changed for c to u alteration. And also transcript2-elav1 has high affinity and differential interaction for C to U alteration because of the negative haddock score and the high differential had dock score respectively( C = 54.9 +/- 12.5, T=-36.5 +/- 5.2),.