Prevalence of oral disorders in institutionalized edentulous elderly people in Shiraz, Iran

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3131545/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

Prevalence of oral disorders in institutionalized edentulous elderly people in Shiraz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3131545/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Background: we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Iranian institutional old persons.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on edentulous persons were contacted at 5 nursing homes scattered in Shiraz. 11-19 were selected in each geographical region. Following filling the questionnaire, cases were subjected to a clinical oral exam recognizing the guidelines of the WHO using by an oral medicine specialists.

Results: Of the 86 participants studied, 13 were men and 43 were women with mean age 66.34 ± 7.12 years. More than half of the cases had oral disorders. Angular cheilitis was seen in 28 cases and denture stomatitis in. Epulis fissuratum and MRG were seen in 4 cases. Two subjects had an oral ulcer and 5 persons had burning sensation.

Conclusion: In this study oral lesions was more than 50%, among edentulous participant that most of them were related to denture.

oral disorders

edentulous

elderly people

denture

The old population has been rising in number globally and poses the most tasks to modern-day community health. Global, the elderly population demographic is increasing more rapidly than that of any more age group. Persistent disorders, physical and psychological debilities, and additional comorbidities are highly common in the old people (1,2).

Dentists worried about oral health maintenance of old patients, who are influenced by a sequence of issues that make them sensitive to numerous disorders(3).Currently, the significance of oral health on quality of life is not clear to a large number of the population. Oral mucosal disorders be able to disturb the daily normal activities such as eating, swallowing, drinking and speaking (4)

The oral condition is important for the well-human being especially older-aged cases and inadequate oral condition raises the porosity to chemicals, carcinogens, and pathogens. The mouth turns out to be susceptible to injuries by ageing due to the decrease in collagen synthesis and gradual re-forming rate. Additionally, deterioration of the immune system and many habits such as smoking and alcohol use, dentures, systemic disorders, and medication consumption accompanied by an increased risk of oral lesions. In this viewpoint, the oral health of such group has turned a lot of interest in dental medicine (5,6). Absence of family care, which raises the elderly’s institutionalization increase the amount of nursing homes residents. Ageing, economic failure, loss of partner, low socioeconomic level, inadequate health, functional and cognitive situation and the need of assistance throughout regular activities are the main factors of the institutionalization(7).

The literature review has revealed that the aging living in nursing houses are at a low level of education, inadequate health condition, more addiction level, decrease physical activity, reduce judgment-making capability, decrease leisure time potency, and are older age (8-11).

Numerous surveys have described a poor oral health of old subjects residing institutes in comparison with those staying with their relatives .That reveal the significance of an appropriate dental treatment in these cases (12,13). In spite of the substantial prevalence of oral soft tissue disorders and their consequent morbidity in the old subjects s, there is small number of documented population-based research concerning prevalence and importance of these lesions in the old cases. In Iran, the exact prevalence rate of oral mucosal lesion in edentulous persons residing in nursing houses is not well-established, due to restricted amount of investigations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Iranian institutional old persons and their correlation with oral hygiene, age, gender, systemic disease, drug consumption, denture wearing and habits

Ethical statement

This cross-sectional study was carried out by the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki as revised in Edinburgh (1975). This study was conducted between May-September 2020, included a sample of 97 institutional cases. The study protocol was approved d by the ethical committee of Shiraz University of medical sciences Shiraz, Iran encoded (ID#IR.SUMS.DENTAl.REC.1399.093). All the participants were informed about the goals and specifics of the survey. After reading the consent form, they were requested to sign up as approval of participation. In the case of analphabetism, the examiner would interpret and describe the information to get their authorization. As for the persons with cognitive insufficiency, the nurses in charge were invited to call the close relative and get their permission, and the nurses would sign the consent.

Participants

Aged edentulous persons were contacted at 5 nursing homes scattered all over the five regions of Shiraz, Iran. 11-19 were selected in each geographical region resulting a stratified, comparative, and random selection method, as formerly explained by Adebola and Ajayi (14)

Subjects who cannot be checked due to disease or serious mental insufficiency were excluded. A total of 86 were ultimately chosen for the research. The systemic, habitual, and personal demographic data were recorded. Social features comprising age, gender, region, smoking, regularity of relative or friends visits, medical disorder, medication used, xerostomia, denture wearing, type of dentures (partial or full) and also access to a dentist last year were noted . The majority of participants wear their own dentures for at least 6 years or more.

Data Collection and Intraoral Examination

Following filling the questionnaire, selected cases were subjected to a clinical oral exam recognizing the biosafety guidelines of the WHO using sterilized mirror and probe, gloves, mask, and gauze pads. The examination was performed in the morning (9 –12 a.m.) in order to benefit from daylight and to make sure that subjects are in better mood state and energy.

Extra- and intra-oral examination of the oral cavity was carried out by an oral medicine specialists and last year student after taking pictures from the oral mucosa and using artificial light, dental mirror, gauze, and tongue blade. Sterile gauze was used for cleaning remains and examining whether white plaques possibly will be scrabbed off. Any abnormality of the oral mucosa was identified according to the diagnostic measures described in textbooks

Presence of any oral lesions especially associated with denture use were recorded .lesions such as epulis fissuratum (E.F), angular cheilitis, itching or burning sensation during denture use, denture sore mouth, denture sore spot, median rhomboid glossitis(MRG), oral ulcers , denture stomatitis and oral mucosal malignancies were mentioned . No biopsies or laboratory tests were done in current research. The number of remaining teeth and prosthesis used either partial or full were also noted. In cases suffering from oral disorders, were treated by oral medicine specialists and in cases who need biopsy, laser surgery, photodynamic therapy, or surgical procedure were referred to Shiraz dental school. Follow up were done after 2 weeks,4 weeks, and 2 months.

Statistical Analyses

The statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS software version 18 .The chi-square test was used to compare the findings. Statistically, a significant difference was considered when p < 0.05

All demographic findings of participants were recorded. Of the 86 participants studied, 13 (23.2%) were men and 43 (76.8%) were women (figure 1 ). The mean age of the participants was 66.34 ± 7.12 years (range 56–82), with 69.9% in the 56–71-year-old age group. 18 one of the participants had hypertension, 7 person had a history of myocardial infection,13 diabetes, 3 rheumatoid arthritis, 2had systemic lupus erythematosus, and 23.2% reported consuming some type of medications.

Among the total sample of 86 examined institutionalized geriatric individuals, twenty-three of the cases were 56-60year old 36 were 61-70and 27 were71-79 years old. They were moderately visited by family members and friends. Figure 2 showed the age distribution of the participants. There was no significant difference between groups regarding age distribution and the number of participants. (P=0.209) Statistical analysis also did not show a significant relation between gender and presence of oral lesions.(P=0.063)

More than half of the cases had oral disorders with the majority of localized lesions. Angular cheilitis was seen in 28 cases (32.6%) and denture stomatitis in 16(18.6%) with a significant difference (P=0.001) and (P=0.007) respectively. Epulis fissuratum and MRG were seen in 4 cases (4.7%). Two subjects (2.3%) had an oral ulcer (5.6%) and 5 persons had burning sensation due to the denture and many of the cases had more than one oral lesion.(table 1) Many factors influenced the occurrence of mucosal disorders such as number of remaining teeth, oral hygiene, denture hygiene, denture abrasion and fitness, medication and nutrition, age and systemic disease.

A large number of the subjects were edentulous (67.3%) and 33.6% had several teeth. Only a minority kept suitable denture hygiene and remove it during sleeping time. In the edentulous group, a significant number shown a wide range of oral lesion comparing to partial dentate cases.

A small group performed good oral hygiene, but a large number were not doing that. These participants had a lower incidence of mucosal disorders in comparison with those who did not followed oral hygiene instructions. Denture hygiene also plays a major role in presence of oral lesions. Cases how did not remove their dentures during sleeping time and also did not washed it properly were at higher risk of presenting oral mucosal disorders. Moreover, the use of both maxillary and mandibular prosthesis enhanced the frequency of oral lesions (p =0 .043)

Maxillary soft tissue disorders was seen in 11(12.7%) and mandibular in 8 (9.3%) participant with no significant differences (p>0.05) MRG was more but not significantly prevalent in diabetic cases as well as angular cheilitis who was lower in well-nourished subjects (P>0.05).

The elderly community is growing, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the oral condition of this populace has come to be a point of attention in dental medicine. A high rate of prosthodontic carelessness has been observed in nursing houses. It is important to know that oral mucosal disorders are a marker of the oral health situation of aged subjects (15).

Hence, this survey shed the light on the significance of applying a proper oral health plan in nursing residences. In this instance, the prevalence of oral mucosal disorders amongst institutionalized old subjects has been revealed.

In our study, the prevalence of oral mucosal disorders amongst edentulous institutionalized old participant was as high as 67.3%.This percentage is relatively is comparable with other developing countries, such as Brazil (79.9%)(16), Thailand (61.6%)(17), and Yemen (77.1%)(18) But, this frequency is higher than the outcome of another epidemiological research, where Lebanese(19) examiner reported a prevalence of 22.8. This difference may be related to the, sample size, oral hygiene programs, nursing task nutritional, and cultural variation.

In current research, there was no significant association between the prevalence of oral soft tissue disorders and age, comparably to what was described by Choufani et al(19) and Wongviriya(17) et al and in opposition to the results of Bozdemir et al(20) and Al Maweri et al(18). In our country, Iran owing to economic and religious constrictions, institutionalized cases did not use alcohol and try not to smoke to limit the budget. These factors usually decrease the possibility of oral mucosal improvement (20).

In the present study, we could not find an association between the development of oral mucosal lesions and gender (p=0.063). This finding is in agreement with Mozafari(21) and coworkers ,Patil et al(22) and also Choufani et al(19) finding and in contrast to Rabiei et al(23).

Even though Mozafari (21)and Rabiei (23)studied the Iranian population, but we evaluated complete or partial denture users so the sample size was smaller and differs in many instances. Social values made a large number of Middle East women exposed to lesser habitats than men. On the other hand females' oral hygiene in current study make was the same as men

However, the prevalence of oral soft tissue disorders was influenced by the person's experience. In Fact, this element can be monitored by the socioeconomic level of the community in each region, as at a low socioeconomic position can cause poor oral health (24).

Corbet et al reported that denture wearers have a significantly higher rate of oral mucosal lesions than not users in non-institutionalized elderlies in Hong Kong(25).

In another study Bozdemir et al (20) also found that wearing dentures was correlated with an increase in oral mucosal disorders.

Choufani et al(19) also reported that complete denture wearers had an increased prevalence of oral lesions than partial denture wearers. In current research we also found that most oral soft tissue lesions have been associated with the use of both jaws full dentures.

Separate researches (16,19,26) reported an increased oral mucosal disorders in old prosthesis users. The majority of our participants wear their own dentures for at least 6 years. It is important to note that the stability and integrity of the dentures are changed during a long period, causing in traumatic lesions and also infection of the mouth. Dentures hygiene play an important role in preventing oral mucosal disorders and infection. In agreement with prior studies (18-20) a poor hygiene level of mandibular and maxillary prosthesis resulted in a higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions Also, an altered integrity of the prosthesis plays a role in the occurrence of oral mucosal lesion. In fact, continuous use of the denture may establish soft tissue disorders by introducing chronic mechanical trauma and infection. Most of studied cases in this research wearing their own dentures all of times and washed it 2-3 times a day.

Denture base resins is toxic and biodegrade the oral mucosa so can cause major side effects (27).

Indeed in developing countries such as Iran, due to limited budget, most of dentures (full and partial) made by acrylic resin. Micropores may develop in these structures over time permitting microorganisms to accumulate in them, while metal based partial dentures , does not .In current research all cases had acrylic dentures.

Previous researches (28,29) have noted diverse range of maxillary and mandibular lesions .Canger et al (30)and also Coelho(29) et al reported an increased prevalence of oral mucosal lesions due to maxillary dentures compared with the mandibular ones in contrast to De Baat et al(28). Study which showed that higher incidence of disorders were presented in mandible than in maxilla.

This condition may be clarified by the fact that the surface of oral mucosa coated by a prosthesis is larger in the maxilla than the mandible so the friction being injected to the underlying mucous membrane is greater in the maxilla which can intensify the possibility of mucosal disorders incidence. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between the occurrence of maxillary and mandibular lesions in this study.

Moskona and Kaplan(31) have indicated that low vertical dimension is not as critical cause for angular cheilitis as is higher colonization by Candida, correlated with denture use and improper oral hygiene. The prevalence of angular cheilitis among full denture users has been estimated to range between 8 and 30%(32)Angular cheilitis is seen more in females than in male and the disorder seems to be related with the removable dentures wearing(33) .

Denture stomatitis (denture sore mouth) are considered by erythema mainly found beneath full or partial dentures or in both jaws, but more commonly in the maxilla (32).

In a study of 463 randomly selected geriatric denture wearers, the prevalence of denture stomatitis was found to be as high as 65%(34)

A frequent tissue response to ill-fitting prosthesis is the presence of hyperplastic lesions close to the denture border (inflammatory hyperplasia, epulis fissuratum).Chrigstorm et al (32) reported that denture related hyperplasia was detected in 5–10% of denture wearers.

Median rhomboid glossitis is a painless lesion occurs in less than 1% of general population on the dorsum of the tongue ,but it significantly increased in diabetic cases(35).

In current research angular cheilitis was seen in 28 cases(32.6%) ,denture stomatitis in 16(18.6%) , epulis fissuratum in 4 (4.7%)and MRG in 4 cases(4.7%).

Our result differs with Mubarak and coworkers (36) result that reported prevalence3.37% for denture stomatitis, 41.9% for irritation induced hyperplasia (including epulis fissuratum) and 23.3% for traumatic ulcers. These difference between findings could be associated to cultural, oral hygiene, socio-economical and habitual variations as well as a lack of standard methods such as age range variation, sample size, the measures used to classify oral disorders and the forms of oral mucous membrane lesions

In this study the over al percentage of oral lesions was more than 50%, among them 2.3%of the cases had traumatic ulcers and 5(5.6%) had a burning sensation and no premalignant or malignant lesions. This is higher prevalence than Cebeci et al ( 15.5%)(37) and Mubarak et al (20.5%) (36). According to presence of oral lesions and lower than such studies regarding presence of oral ulcer rate ( 6.6% and 4.76%) and premalignant or malignant lesions( 0.08% by Cebeci). Besides, no relation was found between systemic diseases and oral mucosal lesion occurrence.

Traumatic ulcers most frequently developed after using a new denture, but can be detected in improper old dentures due to trauma of overextended flanges, or imbalanced occlusion ( 29)

In accordance with Rabiei(23) and Mozafari(21) findings no malignant or premalignant lesions detected in both studies in institutionalized cases in Iran. As we said before there are severe limitations of alcohol drinking in our country that may influence the presence of premalignant or malignant lesions. On the other hand limited incomes may affect the use of narcotics. Smoking and other habitats.

Burning sensation were seen in 5.6% of the participants that is lower than Rabiei et al(23) and Derafshi et al (38) findings that reported a higher prevalence of a burning sensation among elderly subjects. This variation may be related to sample size and also we focused on denture associated burning sensation not all orofacial pain .

Overall oral mucosal disorders are presented due to improper oral hygiene level, habits such as smoking, tobacco use, opium consumption, and poor quality and fitness of the denture. Additional factors like age, gender, systemic disease, and trauma were also considered to disturb the integrity of the oral tissue.

This study had many limitations such as Covid 19 epidemy that restrict our sample size and also complete examination, missing of emotional and psychological factors, inconvenience to dietary, genetic diversities, and socioeconomic items. One More limitation is the absence of paraclinical and medical complete data in order to investigate the probable etiologies of oral lesions among this population.

As we shown the prevalence of denture-induced soft tissue disorders was observed to vary considerably from that described in other researches. The variety in the outcomes among the studies may be related to the sample size, the characteristic of the studied community, the criteria for detecting the disorders, the examiner experience, type and the composition of the prosthesis, habits and techniques used for examination. Though, further studies on a larger population including all missed data are necessary for better and conclusive results.

In this study the overall percentage of oral lesions was more than 50%, among edentulous participant that most of them were related to denture. So precise oral examination with oral hygiene education might be helpful to reduce these disorders.

Ethical approval and consent to participate: All stages of the investigation were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences reviewed and approved the study protocol (ID#IR.SUMS.DENTAl.REC.1399.093). Ethical considerations were considered during each step of the research process. Informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request

Competing interests: Authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding: Not applicable.

Authors’ Contributions: Jannan Ghapanchi, Fahimeh Rezazadeh, Mitra Farzin: Study design and concept, data interpretation, drafting, Final approval, Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Ahmad Reza Bastan: Study design and concept, data collection, drafting, Final approval, Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Kiana Aghasadeghi, Reza Derafshi, Sara Maroufi: Data interpretation, drafting, Final approval, Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the Vice-Chancellor of Shiraz University of Medical Science for supporting this research (Grant# 21404). This manuscript is based on the thesis written by Ahmad Reza Bastan.

Souza -S, Alves T, Santos J. Márcio Oliveira. Oral Lesions in Elderly Patients in Referral Centers for Oral Lesions of Bahia. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;19(4):279–85.
- Atramont A, Rigault A, Chevalier S, Leblanc G, Fagot-Campagna A, Tuppin P. Characteristics, pathologies and mortality of residents in accommodation establishments for dependent elderly people (Ehpad) admitted during the first quarter of 2013 in France.] Revue d’Épidémiologie. et de Santé Publique. 2017;65(3):221–30.
- Silva EMM, Barão VAR, Santos DM, Delibem JA, Ribeiro ACP, Galgo AKG. Principais alterações e doenças bucais que acometem o paciente geriátrico—revisão da literatura. Odonto. 2011;19(37):39–47.
- Triantos D. Intra-oral findings and general health conditions among institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Greece. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34(10):577–82.
- Abu Eid R, Sawair F, Landini G, Saku T, Martori E, Ayuso-Montero R, Martinez-Gomis J, Viñas M, Peraire M. (2014). Risk factors for denture-related oral mucosal lesions in a geriatric population. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 111(4), 273–279.
-Miyazaki H, Jones JA, Beltrán-Aguilar ED. Surveillance and monitoring of oral health in elderly people. Int Dent J. 2017;67:34–41.
- de Medeiros MMD, Carletti TM, Magno MB, Maia LC, Cavalcanti YW, Rodrigues-Garcia RCM. Does the institutionalization influence elderly's quality of life? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):44.
- Bodur S, Dayanir CD. Using WHOQOL-BREF to evaluate quality of life among Turkish elders in different residential environments. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(7):652–6.
- Herazo-Beltrán Y, Quintero-Cruz MV, Pinillos-Patiño Y, García-Puello F, Núñez-Bravo N, Suarez-Palacio D. Quality of life, functionality and physical fitness in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly people. Revista Latinoam de Hipertension. 2017;12(5):174–81.
- Ramos LJ, Pizzato AC, Ettrich B, Melnik CS, Goldim JR. Ethical and nutrition issues in a sample of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Revista HCPA. 2012;32(2):223–6.
- Vitorino LM, Paskulin LM, Vianna LA. Quality of life of seniors living in the community and in long term care facilities: a comparative study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2013;21:3–11.
Baumgartner W, Schimmel M, Müller F. Oral health and dental care of elderly adults dependent on care. Swiss Dent J. 2015;125(4):417–26.
-Kumara Raja B, Radha G, Rekha R, Pallavi SK. Geriatric oral health: A literature review. Int J Dent Health Sci. 2015;2(2):385–95.
- Adebola BF, Ajayi OS. Comparison of allocation procedures in a stratified random sampling of skewed populations under different distributions and sample sizes. Int J Innovative Sci Eng Technol. 2014;1(8):218–25.
Osta -E, Hennequin N, Osta M, Bouabboud Naaman L, Geahchan N, Tubert-Jeannin N, S. Status of health and oral health of the elderly population in Lebanon. East Mediterr Health J. 2015;1(21):349–53.
- Ferreira RC, Magalhães CS, de Moreira AN. Oral mucosal alterations among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Brazilian Oral Research. 2010;24(3):296–302.
-Wongviriya A, Samnieng P, Intapa C, Phothipakdee P, Kaomongkolgit R. Oral Mucosal Lesions in Thai Elderly Dental Patients. J Ournal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2018;101(3):367–73.
-Al-Maweri SA, Al-Jamaei AA, Al-Sufyani GA, Tarakji B, Shugaa-Addin B. Oral mucosal lesions in elderly dental patients in Sana’a. Yemen J Int Soc Prev Community Dentistry. 2015;5(Suppl 1):12–S19.
-Choufani A, Folliguet M, Chahine N, Rammal S, Doumit M. Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among the Institutionalized Elderly Population in Lebanon. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2020;6:2333721420925189. 10.1177/2333721420925189. Published 2020 Jun 25.
- Bozdemir E, Yılmaz HH, Orhan H. Oral mucosal lesions and risk factors in elderly dental patients. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2019;13(1):24–30.
- Mozafari PM, Dalirsani Z, Delavarian Z, Amirchaghmaghi M, Shakeri MT, Esfandyari A, Falaki F. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in institutionalized elderly people in Mashhad, Northeast Iran. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e930–4. 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00588.x. Epub 2011 Dec 4. PMID: 22136071.
-Patil P, Bathi R, Chaudhari S. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in dental patients with tobacco smoking, chewing, and mixed habits: A cross-sectional study in South India. J Fam Commun Med. 2013;20(2):130–5.
-Rabiei M, Kasemnezhad E, Masoudi rad H, Shakiba M, Pourkay H. Prevalence of oral and dental disorders in institutionalised elderly people in Rasht. Iran Gerodontology. 2010;27(3):174–7. 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00313.x. Epub 2009 Aug 21. PMID: 19702672.
Vieira-Andrade RG, Zuquim Guimarães F, de Vieira F, Freire C, Ramos-Jorge STC, Fernandes ML. A. M. (2011). Oral mucosa alterations in a socioeconomically deprived region: Prevalence and associated factors. Brazilian Oral Research, 25(5), 393–400.
- Corbet EF, Holmgren CJ, Phillipsen HP. Oral mucosal lesions in 65-74-year-old Hong Kong Chinese. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994;22(5 Pt 2):392-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb01599.x. PMID: 7835037.
- Kovacevic D. Predictors of oral mucosal lesions among removable prosthesis wearers. Periodicum Biologorum. 2017;119(3):181–7.
Rashid -H, Sheikh Z. Fahim Vohra.Allergic effects of the residual monomer used in denture base acrylic resins. Eur J Dent. 2015 Oct-Dec;9(4):614–9.
- de Baat C, Van Aken AAM, Mulder J, Kalk W. Prosthetic condition and judgment of complete dentures. J Prosthet Dent. 1997;78:472–8.
- Coelho CMP, Sousa TCS, Dare AMZ. Denture-related oral mucosal lesions in a Brazilian school of dentistry. J Oral Rehabil. 2004;31:135–9.
- Canger EM, Celenk P, Kayipmaz S. Denture-related hyperplasia: A clinical study of a Turkish population group. Braz Dent J. 2009;20(3):243–8.
- Moskona D, Kaplan I. Oral lesions in elderly denture wearers. Clin Prev Dent. 1992;14:11–4.
- Chrigström K, HEDEGård B, Markén KE. Gerodontological studies. IV. Orl status and the need for treatment at an institution and nursing home for old-age pensioners in Stokholm. Sven Tandlak Tidskr. 1970;63:981–9.
- Axéll T. A prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Swedish population. Odontol Revy Suppl. 1976;36:1–103.
Budtz-Jörgensen E. The significance of Candida albicans in denture stomatitis. Scand J Dent Res. 1974;82:151–90.
- Ghabanchi J, Andisheh Tadbir A, Darafshi R, Sadegholvad M. The prevalence of median rhomboid glossitis in diabetic patients: a case-control study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2011;13(7):503–6.
- Mubarak S, Hmud A, Chandrasekharan S, Ali AA. Prevalence of denture-related oral lesions among patients attending College of Dentistry, University of Dammam: A clinico-pathological study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(6):506–12. 10.4103/2231-0762.170525.
- Cebeci AR, Gülşahi A, Kamburoglu K, Orhan BK, Oztaş B. Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Turkish population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14(6):E272–7. PMID: 19300376.
- Derafshi R, Rezazadeh F, Ghapanchi J, Basandeh Sharif D, Farzin M. Prevalence of Chronic Orofacial Pain in Elderly Patients Referred to Shiraz Dental School From 2005 to 2017. Anesth Pain Med. 2019;9(6):e91182. 10.5812/aapm.91182. Published 2019 Dec 7.

Table 1: number of oral disorders in participants

Oral lesions	Number	Percent
Angular cheilitis	28	32.6
denture stomatitis	16	18.6
Epulis fissuratum	4	4.7
MRG	4	4.7
Traumatic ulcer	2	2.3
Burning sensation	5	5.6

No competing interests reported.

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Prevalence of oral disorders in institutionalized edentulous elderly people in Shiraz, Iran

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Background

Materials and methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

Declarations

References

Table

Additional Declarations

Status:

Version 1