3.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population
A total of 410 reproductive age women from Asebot town were included in a study with a response rate of 100%. 54.6% of them were between 28 -38 years with mean age of 31.98 (±6.07 SD). 70.7% were Muslim while 75.1% of them were Oromo, and 63.9% of them were house wife. About one third (35.1 %) of the respondents and 22.9% of their husbands were illiterate, 40.7% of the participants’ monthly income were between 1501.00 - 3000.00 birr and almost all has access to media (Table 1).
Table 1: - Socio- demographic characteristics of reproductive age women in Asebot town, West Haragie, Oromia, Ethiopia, October 2018. (N =410)
Variable
|
Frequency (%)
|
Current mother age
|
|
17-27
28-38
39-49
|
35(8.5)
224(54.6)
151(36.9)
|
Religion
|
|
Orthodox
Muslim
Protestant
Catholic
|
96(23.4)
290(70.7)
22(5.4)
2(0.5)
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Oromo
Somali
Amhara
Guragie
|
308(75.1)
18(4.4)
56(13.7)
28(6.8)
|
Educational status of women
|
|
Can’t read and write
Can read and write
Primary
Secondary
Above 12
|
144(35.1)
97(23.7)
94(22.9)
64(15.6)
11(2.7)
|
Occupation of the women
|
|
House wife
Farmer
Merchant
employee
Daily laborer
|
262(63.9)
21(5.1)
79(19.3)
47(11.5)
1(0.2)
|
Educational status of husband
|
|
Can’t read and write
Can read and write
Primary
Secondary
Above 12
|
94(22.9)
137(33.4)
61(14.9)
49(12.0)
69(16.8)
|
Average monthly income
|
|
≤1500
1500-3000
>3000
|
80(19.5)
167(40.7)
163(39.8)
|
Owning of Media access
|
|
Radio only
TV only
Print media
|
369(90)
38(9.3)
3(0.7)
|
3.2 Reproductive health characteristics of the study population
99 % of the respondents were ever been pregnant of which 98.8 % were ever giving birth and 2.2% were currently pregnant. One hundred thirty-seven (32.4 %), One hundred forty (34.1%) and One hundred thirty-two (32.2 %) women had 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 total living children respectively. Majority of respondents 335(81.7 %) of women wish to have more than 5 children in their life and majority 314(76.6%) states family planning service were free of charge (Table 2).
Table 2: - Reproductive health characteristics of women, in Asebot town, West Harargie zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, October, 2018 (n=410)
Characteristics
|
Frequency (%)
|
Age at 1st marriage
|
|
≤18
>18
|
123(30)
287(70)
|
Number of pregnancies
|
|
<5
≥5
|
75(18.3)
335(81.7)
|
Number of alive children
|
|
1-2
3-4
≥5
|
133(32.4)
140(34.1)
137(33.5)
|
Total children wish to have
|
|
1-2
3-4
≥5
|
4(1)
82(20)
324(79)
|
Family planning service cost
|
|
Affordable
Free
No idea
|
22(5.3)
314(76.6)
74(18)
|
3.3 Current contraceptive use pattern of the study population
About two-third 62.7% of the respondents were using contraceptive methods at time of survey. Among current users, 60.7% and 2 % were using family planning for spacing and limiting respectively. The most commonly used methods were, Implant 78.3 %, followed by Injectable 74.6 % (Table 3).
Table 3: Current Contraceptive Use Pattern of the Study Population
variables
|
Frequency (%)
|
Use contraceptive for spacing
|
249(60.7)
|
Use contraceptive for limiting
|
9(2)
|
Were used Implant
|
321(78.3)
|
Were used Injectable
|
306(74.6)
|
3.4 Reasons for not using family planning methods
The reasons of not using family planning were being pregnancy 9(2.2%), fear of side effects 10(2.4 %), due to breast feeding 17(4.1 %), desire of child 78(19 %) and others reasons like religious prohibition 39(9.5%) (Table 4).
Table 4: - Reasons for not using Family planning methods among reproductive women in Asebot town, West Harargie Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, October, 2018
Variables
|
Frequency (%)
|
Lack of knowledge
|
|
Yes
No
|
353(86.1)
57(13.9)
|
Fear of side effect
|
|
Yes
No
|
380(92.7)
30(7.3)
|
To get pregnant
|
|
Yes
No
|
404(98.5)
6(1.5)
|
Cultural taboo
|
|
Yes
No
|
370(90.2)
40(9.8)
|
3.5 Family planning utilization related characteristics
Concerning the knowledge level of the respondents, majority 99.51% of the respondents know oral contraceptive pills, 98.78% know injectable, 96.59% know implants, and 92.44% know Intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) but almost the whole respondents do not know permanent family planning method such as Tubal Ligation (TL) and Vasectomy. Three hundred five (74.4%) reported, they know that the sources of modern FP were health facility of these, 92.9%, and 15.1% of the respondents mentioned government facilities and private clinics respectively as the source of modern FP. Respondents got information about family planning from Radio 90% followed by TV 9.3%.
3.6 Factors Associated with unmet need for family planning
Bivariate analysis was done to see the association between the dependent and independent variables. Later, controlling possible confounders, multivariate analysis has shown that monthly income, desire to have children in 2 years, partner approval to use family planning and age had statistically significantly associated with unmet need for family planning.
Among the respondents, age between 28 to 38 years were 9 times more likely to have unmet need as compared to respondents whose age category was 17 to 27, [AOR: 8.92, 95% CI: 2.00, 39.83] and respondents with 39-49 years of age were 5 times more likely to have unmet need compared to 17 to 27 years of age, [AOR: 5.23, 95% CI: 1.09, 25.12]. Concerning to respondent’s income, respondents who have family income of less than 1500 birr were 2.6 times more likely to have unmet need for family planning as compared to respondents whose income was more than 3000 birr, [AOR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.10, 6.10]. Respondents who have no desire to have children within two years were 8.7 times more likely to have unmet need compared with respondents who have desire to have children within two years, [AOR: 8.66, 95% CI: 4.79, 15.67]. Respondents who have no approval of using family planning services by their partner were 7.5 times more likely to have unmet need for family planning as compared to respondents who have partner approval, [AOR: 7.53, 95% CI: 3.88, 14.61] (Table 6).
Table 6:- Factors associated with unmet need of family planning among women reproductive age group in Asebot town, 2018
Variable
|
Unmet need for family planning
|
COR (95%CI)
|
AOR (95%CI)
|
Yes
|
No
|
Monthly income
<1500
1501-3000
>3000
|
46
57
50
|
34
110
113
|
3.05(1.75 - 5.32)
1.17(0.73 - 1.85)
1
|
2.59 (1.10 - 6.10) ***
1.25 (0.14 - 0.82)
1
|
Desire to have child in 2yrs
No
Yes
|
121
32
|
66
191
|
10.94(6.77 - 17.67)
1
|
8.67 (4.79 - 15.67) ***
1
|
Discuss FP with your partner
Yes
No
|
80
73
|
55
202
|
4.02(2.60 - 6.22)
1
|
1.82 (0.89 - 3.71)
1
|
Age of the respondents
17-27
28-38
39-49
|
4
96
53
|
31
128
98
|
1
0.172 (0.079 - 0.71)
1.38 (0.91 - 2.12)
|
1
5.55 (1.40 - 21.87) ***
4.17 (0.97 - 17.99)
|
Parity
< 5
≥5
|
107
46
|
206
51
|
0.57(0.36 - 0.91)
1
|
0.39 (0.14 - 1.12)
|
Partner approval
No
Yes
|
25
128
|
168
89
|
9.66(5.86 - 15.92)
1
|
7.53(3.88 - 14.61)
1
|
Number of alive children
1-2
3-4
≥ 5
|
34
66
53
|
99
74
84
|
0.54(0.32 - 0.92)
1.41(0.87 - 2.27)
1
|
3.27 (0.96 - 11.1)
2.17 (0.77 - 6.11)
1
|