The Current State of Internet Videos Related to Spinal diseases in Mainland China: A Cross-Sectional Study

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3140672/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

The Current State of Internet Videos Related to Spinal diseases in Mainland China: A Cross-Sectional Study

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3140672/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Background: Information about spinal diseases on the internet has not been extensively assessed. Our purpose was to collect and evaluate the online information of spinal diseases on common video-sharing platforms in mainland China.

Method: Three video-sharing platforms (Toutiao, Bilibili and TikTok) was independently queried for 10 common spinal diseases from April to May 2023 by three independent researchers using the Microsoft Edge web browser. Information about the videos and creators was recorded, and descriptive analyses of the overall and first 25 results were conducted.

Results: Totally 10,143 search results were retrieved by searching 10 spinal-related terms (6154 from Bilibili, 1884 from Toutiao, 2105 from TikTok). In the first 25 search results of 10 searched terms, a total of 270 videos (36.0%) were uploaded by certified orthopedic surgeons, with 222 videos (29.6%) uploaded by senior professional titles. 88% of the videos contained content of popular introduction (n = 660), while professional knowledge accounts for 47.9% (n = 359). Among them, diagnosis was the most content (23.9%, n = 179), and surgical technique was the least (2.9%, n = 22). Videos from TikTok contained higher proportion of certified orthopedic surgeons (77.6%), senior professional titles (69.2%) and professional knowledge (90.4%) than the other two video-sharing platforms.

Conclusion: Videos about spinal diseases on current video-sharing platforms are extensive but not comprehensive and professional, while the videos on TikTok may have relatively higher quality and accuracy. The proportion of certified orthopedic surgeons and professional knowledge is still low. The management and censorship need to be further improved to solve the problem of low-quality and attract more orthopedic surgeons to participate in online video creation.

Spinal

Internet

video platform

TikTok

Bilibili

Toutiao

Up to June 2022, the user size of online videos in mainland China had reached 995 million [1][3]. The abundant content of video-sharing platforms has brought great convenience to people's lives. With the rapid development of the internet, the way to acquire medical information and knowledge is no longer limited to traditional approaches such as newspapers, television, and offline teaching. Instead, people are increasingly accustomed to acquiring medical information and advise on video-sharing platforms [2]. For instance, as one of the most popular video-sharing platforms, TikTok has more than 500 million daily users in mainland China [3]. In 2022, more than 35000 certified doctors uploaded about 4.43 million popular science videos on TikTok [4]. Meanwhile, Toutiao and Bilibili are also popular and essential channels for health information dissemination in China, with user-friendly experiences on computers, tablets, and smart mobile phones [5]. However, since video-sharing platforms always focus more on entertainment rather than education and professional knowledge, current research suggested that medical content on video-sharing platforms is variable and not comprehensive [6], with questionable authenticity and credibility [7]. Lack of peer review and not subject to strict regulations and censorship on online medical videos could also result in low accuracy and reliability [8][9]. In Hong Kong, China, about 78.19% adult urban patients had ever searched medical information online, 36.81% of online medical information seekers searched information before the medical visit, 8.65% searched information after the visit [10]. Comprehensive and accurate online medical information can not only effectively solve patients' medical issues, but also avoid causing erroneous and misleading information [11][12]. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of medical videos available on video-sharing platforms.

Since medical information on video-sharing platforms has great potential on guiding patients and educating medical students, low-quality and even misleading content may have secondary effects on harming the physical and mental health of the public and the healthy development of the online healthcare industry [13][14]. As patients continue to turn to the internet for health information and use this information in decision-making related to their health, it is important that the information presented online should be accurate and thorough [15]. To our knowledge, the literature evaluating the quality of online medical videos has been rapidly increasing, while there is still limited research focusing on the spinal disease [16][17][18]. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the current state and quality of videos related to spinal disease on three major Chinese video-sharing platforms.

We conducted a cross-sectional study on three video-sharing platforms in mainland China. 10 keywords related to spinal diseases were included as the search terms. The search terms were

“lumbar disc herniation”, “cervical spondylosis”, “sciatica”, “lumbar compression fracture”, “psoatic strain”, “spinal tuberculosis”, “atlantoaxial dislocation”, “scoliosis”, “cauda equina syndrome”, “ankylosing spondylitis”. The Toutiao platform (http://www.toutiao.com/), the Tiktok Chinese version (http://www.Douyin.com/) and the Bilibili media sharing webpage (http://www.bilibili.com) were independently queried for these keywords by using the Microsoft Edge web browser. Three separate researchers performed independent searches from April to May 2023. “Incognito” or “Privacy” browser modes were employed to prevent any influence of cache or cookies on the next search. After each search process, the internet cookies in web browser and computer were completely cleared.

The total number of videos of these 10 keywords on each video-sharing platform were recorded. Then, we separately recorded the data of the first 25 videos of each keyword. Uploaders were divided into four categories: certified orthopedic surgeons, other specialties, organizations, and other individuals. The number of certified orthopedic surgeons and senior professional titles was recorded and assessed. Each single video was reviewed to determine if broad-based disease-related content was present. We roughly classify video content into six categories: (1) Instruction: Personal stories of patients, disease introduction, disease risk factors, and simple introduction of treatment; and videos uploaded by non-certified orthopedic surgeons were all classified into this category, (2) Diagnosis: Complete and comprehensive diagnostic points, including etiology, pathological morphology, and pathophysiology; (3) Imaging: Reviewing and diagnosis of imaging examinations, (4) Treatment: medication, conservative management, surgical selection, etc, (5) Surgical techniques, (6) Prognosis: rehabilitation, clinical efficacy, postoperative precautions. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the results of the research. All analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel.

As for quality assessment, DISCERN, JAMA Benchmark Criteria were conducted. DISCERN consisted of 16 questions in total, with each question scored from 1 to 5 points. Questions were divided into three sections: reliability (questions 1–8), quality information about treatment options (questions 9–15), and overall score (question 16). The total DISCERN score was calculated by summing up scores over questions 1–15. All videos were divided into five categories based on their total DISCERN score: very poor (< 27), poor (27–36), fair (39–50), good (51–62), and excellent (63–75). JAMA benchmark criteria were used to evaluate online health information reliability, including four criteria (authorship, attribution, disclosure, and currency). Each satisfied criterion counted 1 point, with a maximal score of 4 points.

This study focused on the quality assessment of videos contributed and viewed by the public on social media platforms, so ethics committee approval was not required.

A total of 10143 search results retrieved from three video platforms (6154 videos from Bilibili, 1884 videos from Toutiao, 2105 videos from TikTok) by searching 10 spine-related keywords were included. All of those videos were open and free to public. Among those results, the videos of psoatic strain (n = 1427), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1397), sciatica (n = 1360) were the top three. The videos of spinal tuberculosis were the least (n = 460). (See Figure.1)

In the first 25 search results of these 10 searched terms, a total of 270 videos (36.0%) were uploaded by certified orthopedic surgeons, with 222 videos (29.6%) uploaded by senior professional titles. 88% of these videos contain content of introduction (n = 660), while professional knowledge accounts for 47.9% (n = 359). (See Figure.2). Among them, diagnosis had the proportion (23.9%, n = 179), while surgical techniques had the least results (2.9%, n = 22). Videos from TikTok contained much more professional knowledge (90.4%, n = 226) than those from the other two video-sharing platforms. Results about lumbar compression fracture had the most professional knowledge contents (n = 78), while psoatic strain had the least (n = 25).

The Toutiao platform (http:// www.toutiao.com/)

On Toutiao, 1884 total search results were included and reviewed. Cauda equina syndrome (n = 195), sciatica (n = 194), psoatic strain (n = 192) were the top three topics. The videos of cervical spondylosis were the least (n = 179).

In the first 25 search results of these 10 searched topics, a total of 48 videos (19.2%) were uploaded by certified orthopedic surgeons, with 33 videos (13.2%) uploaded by senior professional titles. 88% of the videos contain content of introduction (n = 220), while professional knowledge accounts for 32% (n = 80). Among them, diagnosis was the most frequently appearing content (13.6%, n = 34), while results containing surgical techniques were the least (0.8%, n = 2).

The Bilibili platform (http://www.bilibili.com)

On Bilibili, a total of 6541 videos were included. Psoatic strain (n = 1000), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1000), scoliosis (n = 1000) were the top three diseases with the highest search results. The videos of spinal tuberculosis were the least (n = 33).

In the first 25 search results of 10 searched topics, a total of 28 videos (11.2%) were uploaded by certified orthopedic surgeons, with 16 videos (4.8%) uploaded by senior professional titles. 83.2% of the videos contained content of introduction (n = 208), while professional knowledge only accounted for 21.2% (n = 53). Among them, treatment was the most frequently appearing content (8.8%, n = 22), while results containing surgical techniques were the least (0.4%, n = 1).

Tiktok Chinese web version (Douyin) (http:// www.TikTok.com/)

On Tiktok Chinese web version, a total of 2105 search videos were included. Lumbar compression fracture (n = 361), spinal tuberculosis (n = 239), psoatic strain (n = 235) were the top three diseases with the highest search results. The videos of lumbar disc herniation were the least (n = 92).

In the first 25 search results of 10 searched topics, a total of 194 videos (77.6%) were uploaded by certified orthopedic surgeons, with 173 videos (69.2%) uploaded by senior professional titles. 92.8% of the videos contained content of introduction (n = 232), while professional knowledge accounted for 90.4% (n = 226). Among them, treatment was the most frequently appearing content (51.2%, n = 128), while results containing surgical techniques were the least (7.6%, n = 19). (See Figure.3)

Evaluation Outcomes of DISCERN Classification and JAMA benchmark

The detailed results of questionnaires in DISCERN score are highlighted by using color points (see Figure.4). The DISCERN classification data showed that among all videos involved, 8.4% were “very poor”, 24.4% were “poor”, 45.1% were “fair”, 18.7% were “good”, and 3.5% were “excellent” . DISCERN scores, and JAMA scores had no significant correlation with the video source and uploader. In other words, videos uploaded by different video-sharing platforms, certified orthopedic surgeons or non-orthopedic individual/groups were not superior in quality assessment (see Table.1).

Table 1 Quality assessments according to video source and identities.

Current state of online medical service and information

With the development and advancement of the internet, telemedicine and online consultation have currently been widely accepted and have received good social feedback [19]. In 2016, around 48% emergency departments in the United States received telemedicine services, effectively improving the efficiency of emergency treatment of stroke/neurology, psychiatry, and paediatrics[20]. One study suggested that the widely use of telemedicine is potentially associated with considerable beneficial effects on health care utilization, treatment adherence, and self-management or self-efficacy [21]. In 2020, more than 90% of the tertiary hospitals in mainland China carried out telemedicine services in business-to-business mode[22]. Moreover, the Internet has become an important way for patients and general public to obtain disease-related and treatment-related information because it can be accessed conveniently and always free of charge[23]. In Hong Kong, China, 87.44% of primary care patients had used the internet to find health information, and 65.97% searched once monthly or more [10]. In western and rural China, where health resources are most scarce, Patients' and doctors' perceptions, needs, expectations, and concerns have gradually been recognized and considered to promote the development of e-health in these underprivileged regions [24][25].

By December 2022, the number of users of video-sharing platforms in China has exceeded 1 billion [19]. Video-sharing platforms, including Tiktok, Bilibili, and Weibo, have become increasingly popular and essential channels for health information dissemination for Chinese people, with user-friendly experiences on computers and smart mobile phones [26]. As one of the most popular video-sharing platforms in mainland China, TikTok Chinese web version, has more than 500 million daily users in China [27]. In 2022, more than 35000 certified doctors uploaded about 4.43 million popular science videos on TikTok [28]. However, most medical information on video-sharing platforms was not undergone professional evaluation or peer review, raising questions about their credibility and professionalism [29]. Misinformation spread online may adversely affect the patient-physician relationship by eroding trust. Therefore, more scholarly attention and regulation are needed to achieve the expected quality of online medical information on video-sharing platforms.

Major finding

We retrieved totally 10143 results from three video-sharing platforms. All videos included were open and free to public. The total number of videos on Bilibili (n = 6154) far exceeded that of the other two platforms (1884 videos on Toutiao, 2105 videos on TikTok). Current research suggested that websites on the first search results page receive almost 95% of web traffic, leaving only 5% for remaining search results pages [30]. Our results confirmed the importance of the first-page results after retrieval. In this study, the proportion of certified orthopedic physicians (36.0%) and senior professional titles (29.6%) on first 25 results were pretty unsatisfactory. One study showed that the low-quality content could be easily accessible on TikTok [31]. In this study, compared with the other two platforms, TikTok has a significantly higher proportion of certified orthopedic physicians (77.6%) and senior professional titles (69.2%), which may be attributed to the audit mechanism of TikTok, only allowing certified doctors to upload professional medical videos [32]. Some study argued that the low proportion of certified orthopedic surgeons could result in insufficient professional quality, even increasing the risk of erroneous or misleading information [34]. According to our results, while the “good” (18.7%) and “excellent” (3.5%) DISCERN classification only account for a small portion of all searched results, the DISCERN scores and JAMA scores also had no significant correlation with the type of video uploaders. However, sufficient certified orthopedic surgeons can provide in-time online feedback on professional questions from patients and general public. Meanwhile, the identity of certified orthopedic surgeons, especially senior professional titles, can guide patients to correctly choose hospitals and departments [33]. Orthopedic surgeons should not only actively participate in creating popular science and profession-related videos, but also make effort to improve the quality of online videos.

The ranking algorithm of video-sharing platforms not only considers the quality of the videos, but also more considers the likes, comments, reposts, and completion rates [35]. Video content of current platforms is mostly entertainment oriented. However, for medical videos, accuracy and professionalism are more important than entertainment and popularity. In this study, the content of professional knowledge of the first 25 results accounts for 47.9% (n = 359). When separately assessed, the proportion of professional information on bilibili (21.2%, n = 53) and Toutiao (32%, n = 80) were significantly lower than TikTok (90.4%, n = 226). Those individuals and institutions releasing professional medical videos on TikTok needs to be certified. When video-sharing platform users follow a certain creators, the platform will prioritize commending the new content released by followed creators. Meanwhile, some studies showed that videos released by medical specialists and institutions did not receive more public attention and higher quality evaluation rates than those from other sources [36], which dampened the doctor's enthusiasm of creating and uploading. Perhaps those platforms should prioritize the recommendation of videos uploaded by certified doctors when the searched term is found to be medical related.

Some studies suggested that medical students could learn professional knowledge on video-sharing platforms [37][38]. However, based on our results, the proportion of certified orthopedic doctors and professional knowledge on current video-sharing platforms were pretty low. Moreover, when considering the broad-based disease-related content, the information of professional medical knowledge were insufficient and uneven. The content on diagnosis (Toutiao: 13.6%, bilibili: 7.2%, TikTok: 50.8%) and treatment (Toutiao: 8.8%, bilibili: 8.8%, TikTok: 51.2%) accounted for a large proportion, while the content on imaging (Toutiao: 6.4%, bilibili: 3.6%, TikTok: 10.0%) and surgical technique (Toutiao: 0.8%, bilibili: 0.4%, TikTok: 7.6%) was very limited. Those content is essential for the education of orthopedic surgeons. In our opinion, the professional orthopedic knowledge and information on current video-sharing platforms is still far from comparable to professional books and literature. We do not recommend medical students learn professional orthopedic knowledge through video-sharing platforms.

Based on our results, we suggest that compared with Toutiao and bilibili, the medical videos on TikTok may have acceptably higher quality and accuracy. In 2022, Bilibili had 90.3 million daily active users and an average of 3.9 billion daily video views [39][40]. As of June 2022, Toutiao has approximately 344 million monthly users. Meanwhile, As a news platform, users of Toutiao are more inclined to read articles and textual news reading textual news instead of watching medical videos. Compared with those two platforms, TikTok has a higher proportion of certified orthopedic surgeons, senior professional titles, and proportion of professional videos. The user size of live streaming in China had reached 716 million in 2022, accounting for 68.1% of all Internet users [41]. As one of the most popular and populous live stream platforms, TikTok allows orthopedic surgeons and medical specialties to directly interact with patients and general public. This function has also greatly promoted the popularity of medical science popularization on this platform.

LIMITATION

There are several limitations to this investigation. First, there are many types of orthopedic diseases, and this study only includes 10 common spinal diseases, and a more comprehensive search is necessary for the future; second, we only analyzed the disease-related content of the video, and a more detailed analysis of the video content is needed; third, different users could have different search results due to their different daily preference. Therefore, there will be a need for larger sample sizes and more researchers to participate in the future.

This study showed that videos about spinal diseases on current video-sharing platforms are extensive but not comprehensive and professional, while the videos on TikTok may have relatively higher quality and accuracy. The proportion of certified orthopedic surgeons, senior professional titles and professional knowledge is still low. The management and censorship need to be further improved to solve the problem of low-quality and attract more orthopedic surgeons to participate in online video creation.

Ethical review committee statement

This study focused on the quality assessment of videos contributed and viewed by the public on social media platforms, so ethics committee approval was not required.

Acknowledgement

We thank the authors of the included studies for their help.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study focused on the quality assessment of videos contributed and viewed by the public on social media platforms, so ethics committee approval was not required.

Consent for publication

All authors give the consent for publication.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available on supplementary material from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Competing interests

All authors declare that they have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work. There is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of the manuscript entitled.

Funding

Not applicable.

Authors' contributions

C.C completed the manuscript writing, W.L, G.C and Y.Y were responsible for videos searching, X.Z and D.Z collected and analyzed the data. All authors reviewed the final article.

China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC). (2022). The 50th statistical report on China’s internet development. Available at: P020221209344717199824.pdf (cnnic.com.cn)(Accessed September 1, 2022).
Bai, G, Fu, K, Fu, W, et al. Quality of Internet Videos Related to Pediatric Urology in Mainland China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health. 2022; 10 Front Public Health. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.924748
Iqbal, M. TikTok revenue and usage statistics (2023). Available at: https://www.businessofapps.com/data/tik-tok-statistics/
Song, S, Xue, X, Zhao, YC, et al. Short-Video Apps as a Health Information Source for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Information Quality Assessment of TikTok Videos. J Med Internet Res. 2021; 23 J Med Internet Res. doi: 10.2196/28318
Abed, V, Ray, M, Smathers, J, et al. Assessment of Video Quality and Reliability of YouTube Videos Regarding Meniscus Tear Rehabilitation. Cureus. 2023; 15 Cureus. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36299
Phair, J, Dalmia, V, Sanon, O, et al. The current state of vascular surgery presence and educational content in Google and YouTube internet search results. J VASC SURG. 2021; 74 J VASC SURG. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.12.112
Zhang, J, Han, P, Tang, Y, et al. Popular science and education of cosmetic surgery in China: Quality and reliability evaluation of Douyin short videos. HEALTH EXPECT. 2023; 26 HEALTH EXPECT. doi: 10.1111/hex.13737
Gao, H, Yin, H, Peng, L, et al. Effectiveness of Social Video Platforms in Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Youth: A Content-Specific Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Topic Videos on Bilibili. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022; 15 Risk Manag Healthc Policy. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S374420
Abed, V, Sullivan, BM, Skinner, M, et al. YouTube Is a Poor-Quality Source for Patient Information Regarding Patellar Dislocations. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2023; 5 Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.01.014
Wong, DK, Cheung, MK. Online Health Information Seeking and eHealth Literacy Among Patients Attending a Primary Care Clinic in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Med Internet Res. 2019; 21 J Med Internet Res. doi: 10.2196/10831
Ferhatoglu, MF, Kartal, A, Ekici, U, et al. Evaluation of the Reliability, Utility, and Quality of the Information in Sleeve Gastrectomy Videos Shared on Open Access Video Sharing Platform YouTube. OBES SURG. 2019; 29 OBES SURG. doi: 10.1007/s11695-019-03738-2
Foster, BK, Brule, NR, Callahan, C, et al. Online Information Related to Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Google Search Analysis. Cureus. 2023; 15 Cureus. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35586
Abed, V, Ray, M, Smathers, J, et al. Assessment of Video Quality and Reliability of YouTube Videos Regarding Meniscus Tear Rehabilitation. Cureus. 2023; 15 Cureus. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36299
Bahar-Ozdemir, Y, Ozsoy-Unubol, T, Akyuz, G. Is YouTube a high-quality source of information on cancer rehabilitation? J CANCER SURVIV. 2022; 16 J CANCER SURVIV. doi: 10.1007/s11764-021-01093-9
Yilmaz Ferhatoglu, S, Kudsioglu, T. Evaluation of the reliability, utility, and quality of the information in cardiopulmonary resuscitation videos shared on Open access video sharing platform YouTube. Australas Emerg Care. 2020; 23 Australas Emerg Care. doi: 10.1016/j.auec.2020.05.005
Kocyigit, BF, Nacitarhan, V, Koca, TT, et al. YouTube as a source of patient information for ankylosing spondylitis exercises. CLIN RHEUMATOL. 2019; 38 CLIN RHEUMATOL. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-04413-0
Yang, Z, Luo, X, Jia, H, et al. Personal Narrative under Nationalism: Chinese COVID-19 Vaccination Expressions on Douyin. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19 Int J Environ Res Public Health. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912553
Zhang, X, Yang, Y, Shen, YW, et al. Quality of online video resources concerning patient education for neck pain: A YouTube-based quality-control study. Front Public Health. 2022; 10 Front Public Health. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.972348
Kruse, CS, Molina-Nava, A, Kapoor, Y, et al. Analyzing the Effect of Telemedicine on Domains of Quality Through Facilitators and Barriers to Adoption: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2023; 25 J Med Internet Res. doi: 10.2196/43601
Zachrison, KS, Boggs, KM, M Hayden, E, et al. A national survey of telemedicine use by US emergency departments. J TELEMED TELECARE. 2020; 26 J TELEMED TELECARE. doi: 10.1177/1357633X18816112
Brands, MR, Gouw, SC, Beestrum, M, et al. Patient-Centered Digital Health Records and Their Effects on Health Outcomes: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2022; 24 J Med Internet Res. doi: 10.2196/43086
Cui, F, Ma, Q, He, X, et al. Implementation and Application of Telemedicine in China: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020; 8 JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. doi: 10.2196/18426
Gu, S, Ping, J, Xu, M, et al. TikTok browsing for anxiety relief in the preoperative period: A randomized clinical trial. COMPLEMENT THER MED. 2021; 60 COMPLEMENT THER MED. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102749
D'Andrea, A, Grifoni, P, Ferri, F. Online Health Information Seeking: An Italian Case Study for Analyzing Citizens' Behavior and Perception. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20 Int J Environ Res Public Health. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021076
Xiong, X, Luo, L, Zhou, S, et al. A profile of patients' and doctors' perceptions, acceptance, and utilization of e-health in a deprived region in southwestern China. PLOS Digit Health. 2023; 2 PLOS Digit Health. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000238
Jiang, CH, Xu, JJ, Xu, C, et al. Status quo of the public's knowledge of probiotics based on video-sharing platforms. BMC Public Health. 2023; 23 BMC Public Health. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15456-7
Zhang, X, Feng, S, Peng, R, et al. Using Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Pathways between Physical Activity and Sleep Quality among Chinese TikTok Users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19 Int J Environ Res Public Health. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095142
Yang, Z, Luo, X, Jia, H, et al. Personal Narrative under Nationalism: Chinese COVID-19 Vaccination Expressions on Douyin. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19 Int J Environ Res Public Health. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912553
Sang, Y, Chen, J, Dai, H, et al. Quality of internet videos related to exercise therapy of ankylosing spondylitis from mainland China : Content analysis. Z RHEUMATOL. 2021; 80 Z RHEUMATOL. doi: 10.1007/s00393-020-00934-9
Wu, H, Wang, Z, Li, M, et al. The Current State of Vascular Surgery Presence in Bilibili Video Platform of China. Front Surg. 2022; 9 Front Surg. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.874113
Anastasio, AT, Tabarestani, TQ, Bagheri, K, et al. A New Trend in Social Media and Medicine: The Poor Quality of Videos Related to Ankle Sprain Exercises on TikTok. Foot Ankle Orthop. 2023; 8 Foot Ankle Orthop. doi: 10.1177/24730114231171117
Kong, W, Song, S, Zhao, YC, et al. TikTok as a Health Information Source: Assessment of the Quality of Information in Diabetes-Related Videos. J Med Internet Res. 2021; 23 J Med Internet Res. doi: 10.2196/30409
Bethell, MA, Anastasio, AT, Taylor, JR, et al. Evaluating the Distribution, Quality, and Educational Value of Videos Related to Shoulder Instability Exercises on the Social Media Platform TikTok. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2023; 7 J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-23-00034
Tabarestani, TQ, Anastasio, AT, Duruewuru, A, et al. Analyzing the quality and educational value of Achilles tendinopathy-related videos on TikTok. FOOT ANKLE SURG. 2023; 29 FOOT ANKLE SURG. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2023.03.007
Wagner, K. TikTok and its mediatic split: the promotion of ecumenical user-generated content alongside Sinocentric media globalization MEDIA CULT SOC. 2023; MEDIA CULT SOC. doi: 10.1177/01634437221136006
O'Sullivan, NJ, Nason, G, Manecksha, RP, et al. The unintentional spread of misinformation on 'TikTok'; A paediatric urological perspective. J PEDIATR UROL. 2022; 18 J PEDIATR UROL. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.03.001
Fraticelli, L, Smentek, C, Tardivo, D, et al. Characterizing the Content Related to Oral Health Education on TikTok. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18 Int J Environ Res Public Health. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413260
Chung, D, Meng, Y. Exposure to Healthy Weight Information on Short-Form Video Applications to Acquire Healthy Weight-Control Behaviors: A Serial Mediation Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20 Int J Environ Res Public Health. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20064975
He, Z, Wang, Z, Song, Y, et al. The Reliability and Quality of Short Videos as a Source of Dietary Guidance for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cross-sectional Study. J Med Internet Res. 2023; 25 J Med Internet Res. doi: 10.2196/41518
Gao, H, Yin, H, Peng, L, et al. Effectiveness of Social Video Platforms in Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Youth: A Content-Specific Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Topic Videos on Bilibili. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022; 15 Risk Manag Healthc Policy. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S374420
Jia, X, Pang, Y, Huang, B, et al. Understanding consumers' continuance intention to watch streams: A value-based continuance intention model. Front Psychol. 2023; 14 Front Psychol. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1073301

No competing interests reported.

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

The Current State of Internet Videos Related to Spinal diseases in Mainland China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Materials And Methods

Result

Discussion

LIMITATION

CONCLUSION

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

Supplementary Files

Status:

Version 1