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Research Article
Wenbao Zhang
Xinjiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
Corresponding Author
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Background: Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis caused by the tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, respectively, are important zoonotic diseases. Protease inhibitors are crucial for the survival of both Echinococcus spp. Kunitz-type inhibitors play a regulatory role in the control of protease activity. In this study，we identified all the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors present in the genomes of these two tapeworms and analyzed the gene sequences using computational, structural bioinformatics and phylogenetic approaches to evaluate the evolutionary relationships of these genes.
Results: A total of 19 genes from E. multilocularis and 23 genes from E. granulosus contained single or multiple Kunitz-domains. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicated that the E. granulosus and E. multilocularis Kunitz domain peptides were divided into three branches containing 9 clusters. Based on available transcriptome data, we analyzed the expression of these Kunitz-domain protease inhibitors in four major developmental stages of E. granulosus and found they were differentially expressed.
Conclusion: We identified 19 and 23 Kunitz protease inhibitors in E. multilocularis and E. granulosus respectively; the majority of these genes were expressed in one or four stages of E. granulosus with some being highly expressed in adult worms indicating that these genes likely play different roles in the different developmental stages.
Keywords
Kunitz protease inhibitors, E. multilocularis, E. granulosus, Bioinformatic comparison
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No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile1.docx
Additional file 1 Table S1 Physiological and biological characteristics of each of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis KDPIs
- Additionalfile2.docx
Additional file 2 Table S2 The cellular localization of the E. multilocularis and E. granulosus KDPIs
- Additionalfile3.tif
Additional file 3 Figure S1 Structure and amino acid composition of a Kunitz-domain peptide. Three disulfide bridges are formed by 6 cysteines. Conserved cysteine residues are marked in bold font.
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Genomics. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Wenbao Zhang
Xinjiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 22 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewer #10 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 25 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 19 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 19 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 11 Mar, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Epigenetics & Genomics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis caused by the tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, respectively, are important zoonotic diseases. Protease inhibitors are crucial for the survival of both Echinococcus spp. Kunitz-type inhibitors play a regulatory role in the control of protease activity. In this study，we identified all the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors present in the genomes of these two tapeworms and analyzed the gene sequences using computational, structural bioinformatics and phylogenetic approaches to evaluate the evolutionary relationships of these genes.
Results: A total of 19 genes from E. multilocularis and 23 genes from E. granulosus contained single or multiple Kunitz-domains. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicated that the E. granulosus and E. multilocularis Kunitz domain peptides were divided into three branches containing 9 clusters. Based on available transcriptome data, we analyzed the expression of these Kunitz-domain protease inhibitors in four major developmental stages of E. granulosus and found they were differentially expressed.
Conclusion: We identified 19 and 23 Kunitz protease inhibitors in E. multilocularis and E. granulosus respectively; the majority of these genes were expressed in one or four stages of E. granulosus with some being highly expressed in adult worms indicating that these genes likely play different roles in the different developmental stages.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
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