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Research article
Matthew Rand
The University of Sheffield
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Members’ attendance at health and fitness venues typically declines over the course of their membership, with a likely negative impact on physical activity and health outcomes. This systematic review sought to examine the effectiveness of interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues and identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) included in effective interventions.
Methods
A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy was used to code the interventions. Cohen’s d was used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.
Results
Fourteen papers reporting 20 interventions were included in the review. Most interventions were found to have negligible or small effects on attendance, although one had a medium effect ( d = 0.60) and three had a large effect ( d s = 1.00, 1.37, 1.45). The interventions used a limited range of BCTs, with “Prompts/Cues” being the most frequently used. Of the interventions with large effect sizes, two used “Problem solving” and “Pros and cons” and one used “Goal setting (behaviour)” and “Review behaviour goals”.
Conclusions
Only a small number of studies have tested interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues, with predominantly small effects. With the possible exception of problem solving alongside decisional balance and goal setting alongside review behaviour goals, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of specific BCTs. Further research is required to identify the key components of effective interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues.
Keywords
physical activity, public health, health and fitness, interventions, attendance, behaviour change
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2020
Version 1
Posted 01 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 06 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 May, 2020
First submitted
On 26 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 May, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Public Health.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Matthew Rand
The University of Sheffield
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2020
Version 1
Posted 01 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 06 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 09 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 May, 2020
First submitted
On 26 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Background
Members’ attendance at health and fitness venues typically declines over the course of their membership, with a likely negative impact on physical activity and health outcomes. This systematic review sought to examine the effectiveness of interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues and identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) included in effective interventions.
Methods
A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy was used to code the interventions. Cohen’s d was used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.
Results
Fourteen papers reporting 20 interventions were included in the review. Most interventions were found to have negligible or small effects on attendance, although one had a medium effect ( d = 0.60) and three had a large effect ( d s = 1.00, 1.37, 1.45). The interventions used a limited range of BCTs, with “Prompts/Cues” being the most frequently used. Of the interventions with large effect sizes, two used “Problem solving” and “Pros and cons” and one used “Goal setting (behaviour)” and “Review behaviour goals”.
Conclusions
Only a small number of studies have tested interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues, with predominantly small effects. With the possible exception of problem solving alongside decisional balance and goal setting alongside review behaviour goals, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of specific BCTs. Further research is required to identify the key components of effective interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues.
Figure 1
Figure 2
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