1. INTRODUCTION
The importance of water-cooled exhaust turbochargers will increase in the near future. Turbochargers are a key component in reducing fuel consumption. [1] The purpose of the turbocharger is to increase the amount of compressed air introduced into the engine cylinders. It can also be used as an engine brake for large trucks with diesel engines. Indeed, the cost and development time must be reduced to meet both customers target and strict emission standards. The current turbocharger simulation codes are largely based on the search tables (airflow and air mass) provided by the manufacturers. [2] In recent years, internal combustion engines have been developed, and expectations have increased, such as performance, pollution in relation to costs, so the research area has also expanded. [3] More energy efficiency and less polluting processes are needed in the internal combustion engine sector. Compression ignition engines are used in electricity generation, marine and transport and the Otto engine is used for transport, but in both cases, processes can be improved and made to allow for higher pressure ratios and also to generate electricity under sufficient operating conditions. [4] One way to improve engine performance is to improve turbocharger performance. In this context, the gas turbocharger plays an important role in future designs, especially to reduce CO2 emissions. This is caused by the technical complexity of this device and also by the significant influence of the turbocharger performance and fuel consumption of the engine. [5] The turbocharger was essential in the use of low-cylinder engines at high power. As an advantage of engines with lower displacement and fewer cylinders, we can mention both higher efficiency and lower volume. In gasoline car applications, in the past there was a clear trend of switching from four-cylinder engines to three-cylinder engines, but there was no definite trend in the diesel engine segment. In off-road applications, the use of three-cylinder diesel engines continues to increase, and even two-cylinder engines are in series production. [6] Due to the heterogeneity of multi-part materials, manufacturing and assembly errors and uneven turbine carbon, a random imbalance can usually develop that will induce excessive rotor vibration and even lead to nonlinear vibrations. [7] For this the compressor-generator coupling manages to eliminate this problem. The influence of shaft quality on the turbine and rotor was not taken into account in the dynamic model analysis process. The rotor of the turbocharger rotor was simplified first, the different parts of the simplified rotor were analyzed and the dynamic model of the rotor was established. [8] The exhaust volume represents the entire volume of ports, manifold and turbine volute. [9] A hybrid turbocharger was built to demonstrate that the turbocharger has a great ability to improve, namely a turbocharger coupled to a speed ratio and an electric generator. (figure 1)
Table 1 contains all the important components of the hybrid turbocharger, such as: turbocharger components, speed ratio (1:10) and the 100W electric generator, also with the main symbols used by the simulation with AMESim software.
The main component parts of the turbocharger prototype, such as: turbocharger, speed ratio and electric generator presented directly as components, but also as simulation parts of the AMESim software.
Table 1 contains all the important components of the hybrid turbocharger, such as: turbocharger components, gear ratio (1:10) and the 100W electrical generator, also with the main symbols used by the simulation with AMESim software.
: mass flow rate corrected, -
: mass flow rate reduced, - PR: compressor