Fusion Energy: On the Track of a Different Philosophy and Solution

Abstract Editor’s note The editorial staff has chosen to publish this letter to present new nonorthodox physical ideas, which necessitate pondering on possibilities about how to formulate new physics and conduct the supportive calculations. This letter is just a proposal for a different philosophical view on the possibility of reaching the fusion reaction, outlining the corresponding physical solutions. If the presented ideas find followers and support, further developments may be expected for the realization of the technical aspects of this fusion process. At least, we hope this letter to the editor provokes discussion in the fusion community.  —Leigh Winfrey, editor, and Arkady Serikov, associate editor Abstract When two (or more) nuclei fuse to form a heavier element, a known quantity of energy is released. Today, the process seems easy to describe, at least to some degree. The endeavor to construct the devices for fusion energy is great, and there are some experimental ones running the diverse experiments. The proposal now presented is a nanoapparatus. If one could do such a nanodevice, it could be integrated in a wide range of applications once it is possible to consider it portable and able to generate different controllable amounts of energy. The author calls this document, in a broad sense, a conceptual thesis. Mostly, it has natural language as the principal tool. A guide for the calculations was worked to complete the essay, supporting a possible configuration of a nanodevice. This is a kind of a conjecture, a logical but speculative one, that needs to be verified. Like some studies, this one shows first and only its most theoretical content. The author either explicitly or implicitly discusses the space-time fabric, double-slit experiment, and other concepts, like nonduality and indistinguishability. The technology is supported by some established theories or others that have been adapted.


I. INTRODUCTION
Fusion, with the production of a large amount of energy, is a technology that can be used in an advantageous way by society and can be a factor contributing to the natural balance of the environment.
This study aims to present a possible compromising answer about a different physical-theoretical system. The model is supported by a conceptual thesis/thought, the precursor of a probable more wide-reaching symbolicinformative relational theory.
The idea under test is that atomic particles can be fused not by a process where the Coulomb barrier is overcome, but the particles under certain conditions, or rather by altering and/or maintaining certain properties (connectedness), can break the space-time fabric, find themselves at an undefined point (nondual and/or suspended from their spacetime frame), and finally return to the real state, whose paradigm rests on a slight distinction of the particle properties with the release of energy.
To try to clarify with a reasonable picture the previous paragraph, the author proposes to exist one ideal plane that stores the relational information. Before the storage occurs, the fused particles are in a state of nonduality, i.e., in total superposition of concepts. Because this nonduality also contains the concept of individuality, or better, the concept of the *E-mail: ferrojpf@gmail.com This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY · VOLUME 78 · 347-351 · JULY 2022 © 2022 American Nuclear Society DOI: https://doi.org/10. 1080/15361055.2022.2039032 ideal now fused particles, this individualized group (which is a particular abstraction) can be pressured to become part of the dynamic two-dimensional (2D) plane. This 2D plane can be seen as a possible holographic cosmological surface that contains all information required for the three-dimensional (3D) frame. Now, to the particles that come into existence, one has to give the time or z-axis (z-axis and time are identical concepts as the author proposes later in this letter), as will be shown by using the device.
These relations are truly ideal. For instance, the truly fusion event happens only in the 2D plane (because it is ideal in nature: a plane is an ideal imaginary object), and when the particles return to the 3D frame, they fall apart but now are bonded by the strong nuclear force (in the case of nuclei).
This 2D object is a kind of wave, like a probability wave. It can be seen as a sea of relational really virtual particles.

I.A. General Process
This is considered one antagonistic property of the particles to be resolved. If the environment is, say, equivalent, and the particles are placed in a right configuration in the apparatus, then one opposite property remains and the particles can start the fusion process. (One antagonistic property is the way to say yes and no, with the purpose of producing nonduality in a conceptual approach.) After nonduality occurs and after the return to the 3D frame, the particles are approximately one, i.e., they become, by principle, bonded.

I.B. Process: Rupture of the Space-Time Fabric
The particles are disconnected from the space-time fabric of numerical quality. (Space-time is considered intrinsically of numerical quality.) As particles start to become identified as one, which means a rupture of space-time, the numbers of their initial 3D space-time tend to be conceptually equal; the concept of an independent number ceases to exist. a By setting the conditions to nonduality and applying the principle of indistinguishability to the metric itself (please follow the idea in Fig. 1): 1. The equality of the structure of space-time is obtained, corresponding to the equality of numbers concept: 1Ξ 2 Ξ 3 Ξ 4 … .
2. Rupture of the space-time fabric (of numerical quality) takes place (differentiation, and hence, its original concept, vanishes).

I.C. Process: Nonduality
An element exists with property (or response) that eliminates antagonism: it induces in the system a conceptual change. This conceptual change is viewed as the loss of differentiation of the particles: particles are identified with a single property (in this case study, distance; see Fig. 1).
Applying the system of the apparatus (which will permit all such processes) by setting it for initial conditions, the particle(s) return to the 3D frame.

II. OBJECTIVE
One different approach to the fusion process is reported with the aim of further research to take place in laboratories. For this case: 1. The letter introduces some philosophical concepts into the physics of nuclear fusion.
2. A first draft of a nanodevice for the production of energy by the fusion process is presented.

III. METHOD
Apart from what has been said previously, the qualitative approach can be resumed by the following. a Please note that 2 + 1 space-time fabric has been worked in the study of black holes and other cosmological studies; there exist some notions of space-time fabric rupture, but not systematized to become a theory.

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FONSECA FERRO · FUSION ENERGY: A DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHY The double-slit experiment was revisited considering a role for information. It results in a simple scheme shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Accordingly, space-time was resolved as two dimensions plus time in a conceptual understanding or description of it. With this view of the space-time fabric, the idea of a particle losing its time by suppressing its z-axis starts the journey to design the device. The device accomplishes the points written for the process. A representation of the device and some conceptual notions of the process can be viewed in Sec. IV.

IV. THOUGHT RESULTS
The double-slit experiment interpretation, particle nature and not a wave, is considered to act all the time of the experiment. The particle, behaving in this way, has mass. The informational line has a maximum constant speed (particle's maximum allowed kinetic energy before a conceptual/dimension-relative change occurs?).
In the following, one can observe a particle changing from the most intuitive path to a less intuitive path at the node and due to its lower initial velocity.
The space-time fabric has three dimensions: space with two dimensions, plus time, in a pure conceptual approach. The z-axis and time are identical concepts considering that one can determine the position, having knowledge of the initial velocity, time, and the 2D path.
If space-time is suppressed, the connectedness between particles changes. This is achieved by returning to 0 on the z-axis of the nanodevice, where the initial conditions of the particles are again set.

IV.A. Nanodevice Draft
The description (to be used for the fusion of two hydrogen (H) atoms) is as follows (see Fig. 4). The atoms are ionized and perfect correlations are set (electron-electron and nucleus-nucleus). The tiny active solenoids S and S' conduct the electrons and nucleus by virtue of their created potential (and dependent of the initial velocity of the particles) from (0;0;0) near to (c;≈0;d) and (k;≈0;l), respectively. At moments (c;≈0;d) and (k;≈0;l), S and S' become respectively inactive. The electrons and nuclei invert their path by virtue of the activation of S1 and S1', following the switchoff of S1 and S1' and the activation of S2 and S2', and then the switch-off of S2 and S2' and the activation of S3 and S3' occurs. Finally, the switch-off of S3 and S3' and the activation again of S and S' gives the fusion and return of the particles to the 3D frame.
The fused nuclei liberate energy after their return to the 3D frame according to the formula E = mc 2 . The electrons can become very energetic, lose their symmetry, or become bonded by a force.
The nanodevice basic functioning is based on the well-known Bohm-Aharonov experiment. In future configurations, the author thinks that the energy can be controlled by the quantity of particles to be used in the process. Diatomic molecules could also be used.
The correlations between particles must be well studied.
One initiates the process of rupture of space-time, as said previously, by suppressing the z-axis/time and thinking to achieve that propose instantaneously [also for that, avoiding the violation of the Heisenberg's Principle (there remains some noise and/or fluctuations)]. The z-axis is suppressed discretely and abruptly in a considerable magnitude. Time and space are removed, and then returned.

V. CALCULATIONS-DIMENSIONING OF THE NANODEVICE: A GUIDE
The author has identified four critical sets of different times to be considered: (1) the time that particles are correlated, (2) the fastness of switching between solenoids, (3) the magnitude of the suppressed time value, Fig. 3. Double-slit thought experiment (view from top): the particle (an atom) moving slower than its informational line is pulled to the node where the line crosses (acceleration); time updated at node, the particle does not take the dashed path. and (4) the incremental time given by the solenoids responsible for the real path (taking into account the maintenance to approximately zero the value of the displacement of the particles along the y-axis, and taking into account the miniaturization of the solenoids). As example, for the electron Doing an analogy with the Bohm-Aharonov experiment, now applied only to one slit, we can calculate the deflection of the electrons ∆Z, the path function, and the turning point (c; ≈ 0;d).
We do ∆Z = h (in the diagram) = time to be suppressed. Considering the tiniest solenoid available, we can figure out its potential output. We have to choose one (for S1, S2, S3, …) for the real path (starting at the returning point) by the smallest possible increment.
A balancing for the time to be suppressed shall be made. Hence, the potential should be strong enough to deflect the electrons. Here, the initial velocity of the injected particles takes an important role, as it implies also a balancing between the growth in the time to be suppressed and the growth of the displacement in the y-axis (due to gravity or other potential fields). Resuming, the initial velocity (or the value of λ) should be such that is big enough so one can neglect the effects b L. H. RYDER, Quantum Field Theory, 2 nd ed., Chap. 3.4 "Topology and the Vacuum: The Bohm-Aharonov Effect," pp. 98-102, GB Publishing (2008).

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FONSECA FERRO · FUSION ENERGY: A DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHY of the other potential fields and small enough for ∆Z to be sufficient.
Switching between solenoids has to be according to the velocity of the particles (elusive path). The passage from S3 to S has to be very fast or in a range of values.
In respect to correlations, there is no suspect that uncorrelated systems can appear after correlations are set.
The same procedure can be made for nuclei. Please observe that this guide provides important information for calculations, but additional contributions shall be made. The "smallest possible increment" or the "∆Z to be sufficient" requires some experimental results and a deeper reflection on the matter.

VI. DISCUSSION
The double-slit experiment is an exercise for the purpose of building the nanodevice. No experiments (simulation or real) were done. The thought experiments are well reasoned. The main doubt is whether the expected results are in accordance with the well-distributed wave function results.
Part of the functioning of the device is novel in theory and itself represents a possible shift in the understanding of some important concepts. There is no reference to the materials to be used (its design only must be observed after other positive conclusions of this study). With the use of the latest technology, it is possible to achieve a good result.
The proposal presented must be the subject of further research, and experimental results are of extreme importance.

VII. CONCLUSIONS
A coherent model of a fusion energy device and all considered different theories seem to work conceptually. Some of them are not fully developed. The language used lacks formal aspects, but it is a means to design the device.
In the author's opinion, it is an advantage to present this letter at this stage, once one can prove or disprove the contents and contribute to a better understanding of fusion and nature.

Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Funding
Due to the characteristics of the work that has been done, no list of financial support exists.

Data Availability
Data availability is not applicable to this letter, as no tangible data were created or analyzed in this study.