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Research Article
Michael W.L. Chee
National University of Singapore
Corresponding Author
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Lockdowns imposed to stem the spread of COVID-19 massively disrupted the daily routines of many worldwide, but studies to date are mostly confined to observations within a limited number of countries, based on subjective reports and survey from specific time periods during the pandemic. We investigated associations between lockdown stringency and objective sleep and resting-heart rate measures in 113,000 users of a consumer sleep tracker across 20 countries from Jan-Jul 2020. With stricter lockdown measures, midsleep times were universally delayed, particularly on weekdays, while midsleep variability and resting heart rate declined. These shifts (midsleep: +0.09 to +0.58 hours; midsleep variability: –0.12 to –0.26 hours; resting heart rate: –0.35 to –2.08 bpm) correlated with the severity of lockdown across different countries and highlight the graded influence of mobility restriction and social isolation on human physiology.
Keywords
sleep health, resting heart rate, lockdown stringency, multi-country, wearables
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 24 Mar, 2021
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Reviewer #2 agreed
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On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #13 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #11 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
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Editor invited
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This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Michael W.L. Chee
National University of Singapore
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 24 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #12 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #13 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #11 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 01 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 01 Apr, 2021
Editor invited
On 01 Apr, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 23 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 15 Mar, 2021
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Lockdowns imposed to stem the spread of COVID-19 massively disrupted the daily routines of many worldwide, but studies to date are mostly confined to observations within a limited number of countries, based on subjective reports and survey from specific time periods during the pandemic. We investigated associations between lockdown stringency and objective sleep and resting-heart rate measures in 113,000 users of a consumer sleep tracker across 20 countries from Jan-Jul 2020. With stricter lockdown measures, midsleep times were universally delayed, particularly on weekdays, while midsleep variability and resting heart rate declined. These shifts (midsleep: +0.09 to +0.58 hours; midsleep variability: –0.12 to –0.26 hours; resting heart rate: –0.35 to –2.08 bpm) correlated with the severity of lockdown across different countries and highlight the graded influence of mobility restriction and social isolation on human physiology.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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