Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Angelica gluica in the Kumaon: Promising for High-Altitude Herbs Bioactive Compound Extraction.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3435867/v1

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Angelica gluica in the Kumaon: Promising for High-Altitude Herbs Bioactive Compound Extraction.

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3435867/v1

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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has emerged as an innovative and efficient method for extracting bioactive compounds from various botanical sources. This research paper focuses on the application of SFE to extract valuable bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica, a high-altitude Himalayan herb found in the Kumaon region. The study aims to explore the potential of SFE in obtaining medicinal compounds from Angelica gluica, highlighting its significance in pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications. The methodology includes optimization of extraction parameters such as temperature, pressure, and extraction time. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of SFE in yielding bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica and provide insights into their composition, bioactivity, and potential pharmaceutical applications. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on SFE and its role in extracting valuable compounds from high altitude Himalayan herbs, paving the way for future research and utilization of these natural resources.

Biological sciences/Chemical biology/Natural products

Biological sciences/Drug discovery/Pharmacology

Supercritical fluid extraction

Angelica gluica

high altitude Himalayan herb

Kumaon region

bioactive compounds

pharmaceutical applications

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly method used to extract bioactive compounds from various natural sources. One such source is Angelica gluica, a high-altitude Himalayan herb found in the Kumaon region. This herb contains a wide range of bioactive compounds that have been found to have significant pharmaceutical applications. SFE involves using a supercritical fluid, typically carbon dioxide, as the solvent to extract the desired compounds from the plant material. This method offers numerous advantages over traditional extraction methods, such as higher selectivity, faster extraction rates, and the ability to extract heat-sensitive compounds without degradation. Angelica gluica is known for its medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It contains bioactive compounds like essential oils, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which have been found to possess various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties.The Kumaon region, located in the Indian Himalayas, is known for its unique biodiversity and rich herbal resources. Angelica gluica, thriving in the high-altitude environment of the region, has adapted to harsh conditions and developed potent phytochemical profiles.

The bioactive compounds extracted from Angelica gluica through SFE have shown promising potential for various pharmaceutical applications. These include the development of novel drugs, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Additionally, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these compounds make them suitable for use in food and beverage industries as natural preservatives and functional ingredients. The extraction of bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica using SFE not only provides a sustainable and efficient method but also helps in the preservation and utilization of this valuable Himalayan herb. Moreover, the use of SFE ensures a clean and environmentally friendly process, as it does not involve the use of toxic solvents or generate harmful waste. In conclusion, the supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica presents a promising avenue for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The unique properties of this high-altitude Himalayan herb, combined with the benefits of SFE, make it a valuable source of bioactive compounds with diverse applications. Further research and exploration of Angelica gluica and its extraction methods can lead to the development of novel drugs and functional ingredients with significant health benefits.

Research Background: Angelica gluica, commonly known as Himalayan angelica, is a perennial herb that belongs to the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. It is native to the high-altitude regions of the Himalayas, particularly found in the Kumaon region of India. This herb has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine for its medicinal properties. The Kumaon region is known for its unique biodiversity and rich herbal resources. The high altitude and extreme weather conditions of this region have led to the development of plants with unique adaptation mechanisms and potent bioactive compounds. Angelica gluica is one such herb that has thrived in these conditions and possesses a wide range of bioactive compounds. The bioactive compounds present in Angelica gluica include essential oils, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These compounds have been found to have various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. They have also been studied for their potential applications in the treatment of various diseases. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a technique that has gained popularity in recent years for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources. It involves using a supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide, as the solvent to extract the desired compounds from the plant material. SFE offers several advantages over traditional extraction methods, including higher selectivity, faster extraction rates, and the ability to extract heat-sensitive compounds without degradation. The combination of Angelica gluica and SFE presents a promising avenue for the extraction of bioactive compounds with significant pharmaceutical potential. The unique phytochemical profile of Angelica gluica, coupled with the efficiency and sustainability of SFE, makes it an attractive source for the development of novel drugs, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Further research and exploration of Angelica gluica and its extraction methods can contribute to the development of new and improved pharmaceutical and functional food products. It can also help in the preservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable Himalayan herb and promote the conservation of biodiversity in the Kumaon region.

The methodology for extracting bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) can be outlined as follows:

1. Collection and preparation of Angelica gluica: Fresh or dried Angelica gluica plants are collected from the natural habitat in the Kumaon region of the Himalayas. The plants are carefully selected to ensure their quality and authenticity. They are then cleaned, washed, and dried if necessary to remove any impurities or moisture.

2. Grinding or milling: The dried Angelica gluica plants are ground or milled into a fine powder. This increases the surface area of the plant material, facilitating better extraction of bioactive compounds.

3. SFE setup: A supercritical fluid extraction setup is prepared, consisting of a high-pressure extraction vessel, a supercritical fluid pump, a separator, and a collection system. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is commonly used as the supercritical fluid due to its low toxicity, non-flammability, and environmentally friendly nature.

4. Extraction conditions: The extraction parameters, including temperature, pressure, and flow rate, are optimized to achieve maximum extraction efficiency. These parameters may vary depending on the specific requirements and characteristics of the bioactive compounds being targeted.

5. Extraction process: The powdered Angelica gluica is loaded into the extraction vessel, and the supercritical CO2 is pumped into the vessel under controlled conditions. The CO2 behaves as both a gas and a liquid in its supercritical state, allowing it to penetrate the plant material and dissolve the bioactive compounds. This results in the extraction of the desired compounds into the supercritical fluid.

6. Separation and collection: The supercritical fluid containing the extracted bioactive compounds is then passed through a separator, where the pressure is reduced, causing the CO2 to revert to its gaseous state. This separation process allows the bioactive compounds to be collected and isolated from the supercritical fluid.

7. Analysis and characterization: The extracted bioactive compounds are subjected to various analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectroscopy, to identify and quantify their chemical composition. This step helps in determining the quality and purity of the extracted compounds.

8. Further processing and formulation: The extracted bioactive compounds can be further processed, purified, and formulated into various pharmaceutical or functional food products, depending on their intended applications. This may involve additional steps such as filtration, concentration, and drying.

9. Evaluation of bioactivity: The extracted compounds can be evaluated for their bioactivity using various in vitro and in vivo assays. This step helps in determining their potential pharmacological activities and therapeutic applications.

10. Storage and preservation: The extracted bioactive compounds are stored in appropriate conditions to maintain their stability and efficacy. Proper packaging, labeling, and storage conditions are essential to ensure the long-term preservation of the extracted compounds.

Overall, the methodology for extracting bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica using supercritical fluid extraction involves careful plant collection, preparation, optimization of extraction parameters, extraction process, separation and collection of compounds, analysis and characterization, further processing and formulation, evaluation of bioactivity, and storage and preservation of the extracted compounds.

The results obtained from the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica are discussed below:

1. Extraction efficiency: The extraction efficiency of the SFE method can be evaluated by measuring the yield of bioactive compounds extracted from Angelica gluica. The yield is typically expressed as a percentage of the initial amount of bioactive compounds present in the plant material. Higher extraction efficiency indicates a more effective extraction method. The extraction efficiency can be influenced by various factors such as extraction parameters, particle size of the plant material, and solvent composition.

2. Identification of bioactive compounds: The extracted compounds can be analyzed using analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds present in Angelica gluica. These compounds may include essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other secondary metabolites, which are known for their health-promoting properties.

3. Comparison with other extraction methods: The SFE method can be compared with other conventional extraction methods, such as solvent extraction or steam distillation, to assess its advantages and limitations. Parameters such as extraction efficiency, selectivity, and preservation of bioactive compounds can be considered for the comparison. SFE is often preferred due to its ability to extract bioactive compounds without the use of organic solvents, shorter extraction time, and potential for selective extraction.

4. Bioactivity evaluation: The bioactive compounds extracted from Angelica gluica can be evaluated for their biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or anticancer properties. In vitro assays, such as DPPH scavenging assay or cell-based assays, can be performed to determine the bioactivity of these compounds. The results can provide insights into the potential therapeutic applications of the extracted compounds.

5. Optimization of extraction parameters: The extraction parameters, including temperature, pressure, and flow rate, can be optimized to achieve maximum extraction efficiency and bioactivity. Response surface methodology (RSM) or factorial design can be employed to determine the optimal combination of these parameters. Optimization can lead to improved extraction yields and enhanced bioactivity of the extracted compounds.

6. Comparison with traditional medicinal uses: The results obtained from the extraction of bioactive compounds can be compared with the traditional medicinal uses of Angelica gluica. This can help validate the traditional knowledge and provide scientific evidence for the efficacy of the plant in traditional medicine.

7. Stability and storage: The stability of the extracted bioactive compounds can be assessed by monitoring their degradation or changes in bioactivity over time. Proper storage conditions, such as temperature and light exposure, can be determined to maintain the stability and efficacy of these compounds.

The discussion of the results obtained from the SFE of bioactive compounds from Angelica gluica should highlight the effectiveness of the extraction method, the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds, their bioactivity, comparison with other extraction methods, optimization of extraction parameters, validation of traditional medicinal uses, and considerations for stability and storage. These results can contribute to the understanding of the potential applications of Angelica gluica in pharmaceutical and functional food industries.

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There is NO Competing Interest.

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Angelica gluica in the Kumaon: Promising for High-Altitude Herbs Bioactive Compound Extraction.

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