[1] Mirabello L, Troisi RJ, Savage SA (2009) International osteosarcoma incidence patterns in children and adolescents, middle ages and elderly persons. Int J Cancer 125 (1):229-234. doi:10.1002/ijc.24320
[2] Lindsey BA, Markel JE, Kleinerman ES (2017) Osteosarcoma Overview. Rheumatol Ther 4 (1):25-43. doi:10.1007/s40744-016-0050-2
[3] Harrison DJ, Geller DS, Gill JD, Lewis VO, Gorlick R (2018) Current and future therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 18 (1):39-50. doi:10.1080/14737140.2018.1413939
[4] Casali PG, Bielack S, Abecassis N, Aro HT, Bauer S, Biagini R, Bonvalot S, Boukovinas I, Bovee J, Brennan B, Brodowicz T, Broto JM, Brugières L, Buonadonna A, De Álava E, Dei Tos AP, Del Muro XG, Dileo P, Dhooge C, Eriksson M, Fagioli F, Fedenko A, Ferraresi V, Ferrari A, Ferrari S, Frezza AM, Gaspar N, Gasperoni S, Gelderblom H, Gil T, Grignani G, Gronchi A, Haas RL, Hassan B, Hecker-Nolting S, Hohenberger P, Issels R, Joensuu H, Jones RL, Judson I, Jutte P, Kaal S, Kager L, Kasper B, Kopeckova K, Krákorová DA, Ladenstein R, Le Cesne A, Lugowska I, Merimsky O, Montemurro M, Morland B, Pantaleo MA, Piana R, Picci P, Piperno-Neumann S, Pousa AL, Reichardt P, Robinson MH, Rutkowski P, Safwat AA, Schöffski P, Sleijfer S, Stacchiotti S, Strauss SJ, Sundby Hall K, Unk M, Van Coevorden F, van der Graaf WTA, Whelan J, Wardelmann E, Zaikova O, Blay JY (2018) Bone sarcomas: ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 29 (Suppl 4):iv79-iv95. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy310
[5] Gok Durnali A, Paksoy Turkoz F, Ardic Yukruk F, Tokluoglu S, Yazici OK, Demirci A, Bal O, Gundogdu Buyukbas S, Esbah O, Oksuzoglu B, Alkis N (2016) Outcomes of Adolescent and Adult Patients with Lung Metastatic Osteosarcoma and Comparison of Synchronous and Metachronous Lung Metastatic Groups. PLoS One 11 (5):e0152621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152621
[6] Walters DK, Steinmann P, Langsam B, Schmutz S, Born W, Fuchs B (2008) Identification of potential chemoresistance genes in osteosarcoma. Anticancer Res 28 (2a):673-679
[7] Berner K, Johannesen TB, Berner A, Haugland HK, Bjerkehagen B, Bøhler PJ, Bruland Ø S (2015) Time-trends on incidence and survival in a nationwide and unselected cohort of patients with skeletal osteosarcoma. Acta Oncol 54 (1):25-33. doi:10.3109/0284186x.2014.923934
[8] Lagmay JP, Krailo MD, Dang H, Kim A, Hawkins DS, Beaty O, 3rd, Widemann BC, Zwerdling T, Bomgaars L, Langevin AM, Grier HE, Weigel B, Blaney SM, Gorlick R, Janeway KA (2016) Outcome of Patients With Recurrent Osteosarcoma Enrolled in Seven Phase II Trials Through Children's Cancer Group, Pediatric Oncology Group, and Children's Oncology Group: Learning From the Past to Move Forward. J Clin Oncol 34 (25):3031-3038. doi:10.1200/jco.2015.65.5381
[9] Tsuchiya H, Kanazawa Y, Abdel-Wanis ME, Asada N, Abe S, Isu K, Sugita T, Tomita K (2002) Effect of timing of pulmonary metastases identification on prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma: the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 20 (16):3470-3477. doi:10.1200/jco.2002.11.028
[10] Kansara M, Teng MW, Smyth MJ, Thomas DM (2014) Translational biology of osteosarcoma. Nat Rev Cancer 14 (11):722-735. doi:10.1038/nrc3838
[11] Duffaud F, Mir O, Boudou-Rouquette P, Piperno-Neumann S, Penel N, Bompas E, Delcambre C, Kalbacher E, Italiano A, Collard O, Chevreau C, Saada E, Isambert N, Delaye J, Schiffler C, Bouvier C, Vidal V, Chabaud S, Blay JY (2019) Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in adult patients with metastatic osteosarcoma: a non-comparative, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 20 (1):120-133. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30742-3
[12] Italiano A (2018) Cabozantinib in patients with advanced osteosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas. Presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology congress 2018; Munich, Germany. https://cslide.ctimeetingtech.com/esmo2018/public/download_uploaded_media/pdf/226.[accessed 20 February 2020].
[13] Fujita H, Gomori A, Fujioka Y, Kataoka Y, Tanaka K, Hashimoto A, Suzuki T, Ito K, Haruma T, Yamamoto-Yokoi H, Harada N, Sakuragi M, Oda N, Matsuo K, Inada M, Yonekura K (2016) High Potency VEGFRs/MET/FMS Triple Blockade by TAS-115 Concomitantly Suppresses Tumor Progression and Bone Destruction in Tumor-Induced Bone Disease Model with Lung Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 11 (10):e0164830. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164830
[14] Fujita H, Miyadera K, Kato M, Fujioka Y, Ochiiwa H, Huang J, Ito K, Aoyagi Y, Takenaka T, Suzuki T, Ito S, Hashimoto A, Suefuji T, Egami K, Kazuno H, Suda Y, Nishio K, Yonekura K (2013) The novel VEGF receptor/MET-targeted kinase inhibitor TAS-115 has marked in vivo antitumor properties and a favorable tolerability profile. Mol Cancer Ther 12 (12):2685-2696. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-13-0459
[15] Doi T, Matsubara N, Kawai A, Naka N, Takahashi S, Uemura H, Yamamoto N (2020) Phase I study of TAS-115, a novel oral multi-kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 38 (4):1175-1185. doi:10.1007/s10637-019-00859-4
[16] Italiano A, Mir O, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Penel N, Piperno-Neumann S, Bompas E, Chevreau C, Duffaud F, Entz-Werlé N, Saada E, Ray-Coquard I, Lervat C, Gaspar N, Marec-Berard P, Pacquement H, Wright J, Toulmonde M, Bessede A, Crombe A, Kind M, Bellera C, Blay JY (2020) Cabozantinib in patients with advanced Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma (CABONE): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 21 (3):446-455. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30825-3
[17] Ciccarese F, Bazzocchi A, Ciminari R, Righi A, Rocca M, Rimondi E, Picci P, Bacchi Reggiani ML, Albisinni U, Zompatori M, Vanel D (2015) The many faces of pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma: Retrospective study on 283 lesions submitted to surgery. Eur J Radiol 84 (12):2679-2685. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.09.022
[18] Ebb D, Meyers P, Grier H, Bernstein M, Gorlick R, Lipshultz SE, Krailo M, Devidas M, Barkauskas DA, Siegal GP, Ferguson WS, Letson GD, Marcus K, Goorin A, Beardsley P, Marina N (2012) Phase II trial of trastuzumab in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression: a report from the children's oncology group. J Clin Oncol 30 (20):2545-2551. doi:10.1200/jco.2011.37.4546
[19] Burrow S, Andrulis IL, Pollak M, Bell RS (1998) Expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor, IGF-1, and IGF-2 in primary and metastatic osteosarcoma. J Surg Oncol 69 (1):21-27. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199809)69:1<21::aid-jso5>3.0.co;2-m
[20] Pappo AS, Vassal G, Crowley JJ, Bolejack V, Hogendoorn PC, Chugh R, Ladanyi M, Grippo JF, Dall G, Staddon AP, Chawla SP, Maki RG, Araujo DM, Geoerger B, Ganjoo K, Marina N, Blay JY, Schuetze SM, Chow WA, Helman LJ (2014) A phase 2 trial of R1507, a monoclonal antibody to the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), in patients with recurrent or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and other soft tissue sarcomas: results of a Sarcoma Alliance for Research Through Collaboration study. Cancer 120 (16):2448-2456. doi:10.1002/cncr.28728
[21] Grignani G, Palmerini E, Dileo P, Asaftei SD, D'Ambrosio L, Pignochino Y, Mercuri M, Picci P, Fagioli F, Casali PG, Ferrari S, Aglietta M (2012) A phase II trial of sorafenib in relapsed and unresectable high-grade osteosarcoma after failure of standard multimodal therapy: an Italian Sarcoma Group study. Ann Oncol 23 (2):508-516. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr151
[22] Tanaka T, Yui Y, Naka N, Wakamatsu T, Yoshioka K, Araki N, Yoshikawa H, Itoh K (2013) Dynamic analysis of lung metastasis by mouse osteosarcoma LM8: VEGF is a candidate for anti-metastasis therapy. Clin Exp Metastasis 30 (4):369-379. doi:10.1007/s10585-012-9543-8
[23] Safwat A, Boysen A, Lücke A, Rossen P (2014) Pazopanib in metastatic osteosarcoma: significant clinical response in three consecutive patients. Acta Oncol 53 (10):1451-1454. doi:10.3109/0284186x.2014.948062
[24] Dani N, Olivero M, Mareschi K, van Duist MM, Miretti S, Cuvertino S, Patané S, Calogero R, Ferracini R, Scotlandi K, Fagioli F, Di Renzo MF (2012) The MET oncogene transforms human primary bone-derived cells into osteosarcomas by targeting committed osteo-progenitors. J Bone Miner Res 27 (6):1322-1334. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1578
[25] Meyers PA, Schwartz CL, Krailo M, Kleinerman ES, Betcher D, Bernstein ML, Conrad E, Ferguson W, Gebhardt M, Goorin AM, Harris MB, Healey J, Huvos A, Link M, Montebello J, Nadel H, Nieder M, Sato J, Siegal G, Weiner M, Wells R, Wold L, Womer R, Grier H (2005) Osteosarcoma: a randomized, prospective trial of the addition of ifosfamide and/or muramyl tripeptide to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate. J Clin Oncol 23 (9):2004-2011. doi:10.1200/jco.2005.06.031
[26] Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Locati M, Allavena P, Sica A (2002) Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immunol 23 (11):549-555. doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02302-5
[27] Hamilton JA (2008) Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol 8 (7):533-544. doi:10.1038/nri2356