See the published version of this preprint at Biomaterials Research.
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Research article
Yasuhiko HAYASHI
Okayama Daigaku
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-5548
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.
Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials.
Results: The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83×10-10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.
Keywords
Carbon Nanohorns, Cellulose, Skin Sensitization, Composites, Bio-compatible
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Biomaterials Research.
Version 2
Posted 21 Aug, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 26 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 22 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 17 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 19 Jul, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 24 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biomaterials
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See the published version of this preprint at Biomaterials Research.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Yasuhiko HAYASHI
Okayama Daigaku
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-5548
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Biomaterials Research.
Version 2
Posted 21 Aug, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 26 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 22 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 17 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 19 Jul, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 24 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biomaterials
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Biomaterials Research.
Background: Conductive sheets of cellulose and carbon nanomaterials and its human skin applications are an interesting research aspect as they have potential for applications for skin compatibility. Hence it is needed to explore the effects and shed light on these applications.
Method: To fabricate wearable, portable, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and biocompatible composite materials, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were used as precursors to prepare CNH-HEC (Cnh-cel) composite sheets. Cnh-cel sheets were prepared with different loading concentrations of CNHs (10, 20 50,100 mg) in 200 mg cellulose. To fabricate the bio-compatible sheets, a pristine composite of CNHs and HEC was prepared without any pretreatment of the materials.
Results: The obtained sheets possess a conductivity of 1.83×10-10 S/m and bio-compatible with human skin. Analysis for skin-compatibility was performed for Cnh-cel sheets by h-CLAT in vitro skin sensitization tests to evaluate the activation of THP-1 cells. It was found that THP-1 cells were not activated by Cnh-cel; hence Cnh-cel is a safe biomaterial for human skin. It was also found that the composite allowed only a maximum loading of 100 mg to retain the consistent geometry of free-standing sheets of < 100 µm thickness. Since CNHs have a unique arrangement of aggregates (dahlia structure), the composite is homogeneous, as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other functional properties investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductivity measurement, tensile strength measurement, and skin sensitization.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that cellulose and CNHs sheets are conductive and compatible to human skin applications.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
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