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Ethnobotanical knowledge on non-conventional food and medicinal plants in Rio Cajari Extractivist Reserve, Amazon, Brazil
Galdino Xavier de Paula Filho
Universidade Federal do Amapa
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-2072
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Background: Information on the knowledge, management and ways of using food and medicinal plants by traditional populations, family farmers and Brazilian native population in the Amazon is essential to guarantee the sovereignty of these groups. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity, knowledge and ways of using non-conventional food and medicinal plants in traditional communities in a protected area in the Brazilian Amazon.
Methods: This study was conducted using semi-structured interviews applied to local respondents. Fifty-six residents were interviewed in 26 communities. The Indices of Use Value (UVI) and relative frequency of species citation (Fr) were evaluated; also, their diversity and equitability using the Shannon- Wiener (H’) Pielou (J’) indices, respectively. The species were listed according to their family, scientific name, popular names, categories of use, propagation environment, growth habit, medicinal indications, domestication status, production cycle, and herbarium registration.
Results: A total of 269 species of both non-conventional food and medicinal plants were identified, distributed in 84 botanical families, 198 genera, in addition to 13 unidentified species. The Arecaceae and Lamiaceae families had the highest species richness (11 and 7, respectively). Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae) and Ipomoea batatas L. (Convolvulaceae) presented the highest relative citation frequencies (19.7 and 19.3, respectively) and the highest index of use value of the species (0.94 and 0.92, respectively). The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Pielou (J’) diversity indices were considered high (5.02 and 0.9, respectively).
Conclusions: It was observed that the studied species are consumed daily by the population of this protected area. In the environment in which these families are found, of geographical isolation and distance from urban centers, these species become the only food and medicinal resources, therefore, being fundamental to the sovereignty of these families.
Keywords
Indigenous knowledge, Folk medicine, Food security, Traditional populations, Amazon rainforest
Figure 1
Brazil is a country of immense biodiversity, distributed throughout the biomes that occupy its territory. Among them, Amazonia stands out as the largest and the most preserved Brazilian biome, besides being the largest biodiversity reserve on the planet, occupying 49.3% of the national territory [1]. Its mega-biodiversity is currently estimated at around 2,500 tree species (representing one third of all tropical wood on the planet) and 30 thousand species of herbaceous plants and shrubs (out of a total of 100 thousand existing all over South America) [2]. This biome has a set of nature protected areas that are protected by law, such as the Extractive Reserves, where traditional populations, indigenous groups, quilombolas, riverside dwellers and family farmers live. These populations establish their forms of survival in line with and dependence on the available natural resources, especially non-conventional food plants and medicinal plants [3, 4].It is a region of low demographic density, cut by countless rivers and lakes [5, 6], with an enormous coverage of tropical forest that, although has suffered an intense process of deforestation and forest degradation in the last decades, still preserves an extensive area of native forest [7]. This region is inhabited by populations in need of infrastructure and health and education services. The population has a low level of education besides being located in isolated places with difficult access and far from urban centers [8, 9], where people find in the forest resources, especially non-conventional and medicinal food plants, the main food and medicinal resources, respectively [10, 11].
The non-conventional food plants are plant species widely used as food by populations living in rural Brazil [12]. They are species that, in many cases, spread spontaneously, have not undergone the process of agricultural technification and genetic improvement, as in the case of other agricultural cultures, however they have a broad relationship with the food security of many families that consume them daily [13]. These species have one or more parts that are used as human food and can be consumed directly, or providing oils, spices and condiments used in cooking [14]. While medicinal plants are plant species distributed in the environment and have metabolites in their structure, with chemical properties capable of combating and preventing the action of pathogens (fungi, bacteria, protozoa, viruses) harmful to the human organism [15]. It is noteworthy that there are no plant species only for food use and others used only for medicinal purposes. The vegetables have multiple purposes. There are cases where the same species is used in human food; in the elaboration of home remedies; for building homes, boats, tools and other utensils [16].
Considering these specificities, these populations have developed a set of skills and tacit knowledge about the ways of using these forest resources over the years, adapting the survival strategies of the social groups living in these regions, whose knowledge has been tried, validated and transmitted through generations [17]. However, in the course of the last few years, due to an accelerated process of exploration of these areas, this knowledge has been lost [18], so it is necessary and urgent to carry out studies that investigate the potential of these plant species, which are associated with strategies for sovereignty, food security and therapeutically of these population groups [10, 19].
In aspect of ethnobiology, the present study is interesting mainly because of the multiplicity of uses that the investigated population performs on plant species, as well as the tacit knowledge developed and expanded on these species that enabled the development of forms of preparation, use, management and cultivation by several generations. The present study, although apparently similar to others carried out in the Amazon, stands out for having been developed with traditional populations living in protected areas, far from urban centers; however pressured by forest concession projects (Jari Celulose Project), mineral (RENCA - National Copper and Associates Reserve) and road (BR 156) projects, both strong components of the historical disorderly occupation process in the Amazon. This study can contribute to the understanding of the relationship of these plant species with the sovereignty and food security of dozens of families that depend on them.
This study investigated the diversity, knowledge and ways of using non-conventional food plants and medicinal plants by traditional populations (collectors, family farmers, agro-collectors, quilombolas, indigenous and riverside inhabitants) in the Cajari River Extractive Reserve, state of Amapá, in the Brazilian Amazon. This protected area is located on the left bank of the Amazon River, an area cut by dozens of rivers and lakes, rich in plant biodiversity, fishing resources and wild animals that constitute the food base of th0e population residing in this protected area.
Study sites
The present study aimed to investigate the diversity, knowledge and ways of using non-conventional food plants and medicinal plants by traditional populations. Was carried out in a sustainable use protected area, the Rio Cajari Extractive Reserve (01º05’10’’S e 51º46’36’’W) (Fig 1), which has an area of 532,397.20 hectares, and is located on the left bank and delta of the Amazon River, in the south of the State of Amapá. This unit is protected by law. It was created by Presidential Decree No. 99.145, of March 12, 1990 [20]. Its predominant vegetation is terra firme forests (the highest part of the unit), tidal flooded forests (intermediate part of the unit where floods occur and ebb from rivers) and flooded fields (next to the curves of rivers and streams, as well as rivers, streams and lakes.
The Cajari River Extractive Reserve covers the territory of three municipalities: Mazagão, Vitória do Jari and Laranjal do Jari, and has a population of 4,164 inhabitants [21]. It is located between the Maracá Agroextractive Settlement Project, at the BR 156 Highway (Macapá-Jari), the Jari Celulose Project and the Amazon River. Its population consists predominantly of family farmers who develop agroextractive activities (migratory farming of slash and burn agriculture, collection of fruits and vegetables in the forest and artisanal fishing); quilombolas whose inhabitants descended from slaves who came to the municipality of Mazagão in the late 19th century; indigenous people of the Waiãpi ethnic group, riverside dwellers and extractivists who have the natural resources as their main source of survival.
The study was concentrated along three of the main rivers that make up the protected area, exactly where the communities where the collectors reside, in which the rivers Cajari, Muriacá and Amazonas (left bank) are located. In the Extractive Reserve there are communities, groups of several residences that are formed in strategic regions of the rivers, usually close to an inlet; in a place close to the mainland, favorable to small farms; with a vast abundance of certain products (Brazil nuts, Acai), fishing resources; or even in strategic locations for navigation and local commerce, such as the mouth of rivers and igarapes.
The houses of the families are built of wood collected in the forest, covered with wood chips or asbestos tiles. The houses are built high above the level of the river and igarapes to avoid flooding during the Amazonian winter (rainy season from February to June). In most communities there is a level-I elementary school (up to the fifth grade), and in all communities there is the presence of religious institutions (Catholicism predominates, but with a marked presence of evangelical churches), elements of African and indigenous religions are also found there, showing strong religious syncretism.
Field trips and authorization for execution of the study
Four trips were made to the study area. Each trip lasted 12 to 15 days, from December 2016 to March 2017. These trips to the study area consisted of establishing an experience process with the community to conduct interviews and participate in their daily activities as well as the usage relationships with food and medicinal plants [22].
During the home visits, we sought to identify people recognized as owners of the ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal and food plants [23]. To reach them, we counted with the help of key interviewed, such as agents of the unit's management body, leaders of local organizations, teachers of the unit's schools and some students from the Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP) who are from RESEX Rio Cajari [24].
All the participants of this study were informed of its objective. They all agreed to participate and signed the Free and Informed Consent Form provided by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings of the Federal University of Viçosa (CEP/ UFV), via Brazil Platform (Opinion number: 1.718.017).
Permissions for the study were obtained from the following agencies:
The research was registered in the National Genetic Heritage Management System (SisGen), which establishes criteria to access the genetic heritage and associated traditional knowledge, in accordance with the requirements of the biodiversity law (access registration number: A4DCD0D) [25].
The “Authorization for activities with a scientific purpose” was requested and obtained from the Biodiversity Authorization and Information System (SISBIO), an agency linked to the Ministry of the Environment (MMA), in order to obtain permission for the collection and transportation of biological material (authorization number: 55801-1).
The access to the protected area depended on authorization from the unit's managing body, the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), which issued the respective authorization, as well as the access to communities and their respective research interviewed were communicated and authorized by the residents' associations.
Ethnobotanical data collection
Ethnobotanical information was collected through interviews with local experts who were appointed by the key-interviewed. Were considered key-interviewed the people residing in the communities, recognized as references in knowledge about the use and benefits of plants (food and medicinal), those generally consulted by other members of the communities about indication and use of the new plants. In the interviews, semi-structured questionnaires containing pre-defined topics were applied, allowing the rise of new questions during the dialogue and the interviewed could spontaneously express their ideas about the use of plants for food and medicinal purposes [26].
Before starting the interviews, a pre-test of the interview script was carried out, with a group of five interviewed, in order to assess the clear understanding and precision of the terms, unfolding and order of questions, in addition to other information.
Plant species collection and identification
The collections of plant species were performed in vivo, with the participation of the interviewee, using the technique known as “guided tour” [27], in order to obtain the identification and more accurate information about the indicated species, following the methodological standards defined for ethnobotanical studies [28].
The species were registered by means of photographs and on records for the collection of botanical material.
Triplicates of each species were collected, then identified by means of comparison with samples from the Herbarium Collection of Amapá State (HAMAB), specialized bibliographies [12, 15]. Subsequently, the exsiccates were herborized and incorporated into the collection of HAMAB, a faithful depository of samples of components of the Genetic Heritage of the Amazon, in the State of Amapá.
Data analysis
The homogeneity and diversity of food and medicinal species were assessed using the Shannon-Wiener Biological Diversity Index (H’) and the Pielou Equitability Index (J’) [29, 30]. These indices are used to assess the species richness in the studied area and the distribution of knowledge about plants among the research interviewed, respectively, were calculated for all food and medicinal plant species found in the present study, using the following equations:
These indexes were compared with the indexes of similar studies carried out in the Brazilian Amazon and also in other regions, inside and outside Brazil.
The daily demand of species for food and medicinal use was evaluated, using the Use Value Index (IVU) [31]. This index is used to assess how well the species are known and used by the local population [32]. The IVU was obtained using the following equation:
The species were classified as non-conventional food, medicinal and dual-purpose (food and medicinal) [33]. The propagation environment (vegetable garden, orchard, forest, family farm and riparian forest) and growth habit (creeping, climbing, herbaceous, shrub and tree) of the species were observed and categorized [34], in addition to the forms of use and therapeutic indications in the case of medicinal plants [35].
A classification was made regarding the domestication status of these species in order to verify whether they are cultivated, or whether they propagate spontaneously [34], as well as their production cycles in annual, semi-perennial or perennial.
Social-cultural characteristics
The information was obtained from 56 interviewed, residing in 26 communities along these three rivers, which totaled 2,896 citations of food and medicinal vegetable species, are shown in Table 1.
The Tapereira quilombola community stood out with the largest number of interviewed, as it has historically accumulated an inheritance in the use of plant resources based on the knowledge inherited from their African ancestors [33]. The Tapereira community resulted in the highest number of species citations. However, the best citation average was generated in the Santana community as the interviewed in this community are familiar with a greater number of species of food and medicinal plants. The fact that the Tapereira and Santana communities had the highest number and average number of plant species has contributed to the fact that the Cajari River had the highest number of plant species mentioned (1215) and the average number of visited rivers (52.8 plant species / interviewee) (Table 1).
Table 1. Rivers, communities, respondents (resp.), citations on food and medicinal plants in the Cajari River Extractive Reserve, Amazon, Brazil.
|
River |
Communities |
Resp. / community |
Resp. / river |
Citations / community |
Citations / river |
Average of citations |
|
|
Community |
River |
||||||
|
Muriacá
8 communities |
Aterro do Muriacá |
3 |
16 |
170 |
803 |
56,7 |
50,2 |
|
Boa Vista |
2 |
89 |
44,5 |
||||
|
Comércio |
1 |
44 |
44 |
||||
|
Conceição do Muriacá |
6 |
329 |
54,8 |
||||
|
Mirituba |
1 |
35 |
35 |
||||
|
Santa Helena |
1 |
42 |
42 |
||||
|
São Luis |
1 |
45 |
45 |
||||
|
Vila Nova |
1 |
49 |
49 |
||||
|
Cajari
9 communities |
Costureira |
1 |
23 |
39 |
1215 |
39 |
52,8 |
|
Formigueiro |
2 |
97 |
48,5 |
||||
|
Paraíso |
2 |
127 |
63,5 |
||||
|
Poção |
2 |
76 |
38 |
||||
|
Santa Rita |
3 |
144 |
48 |
||||
|
São Sebastião |
3 |
141 |
47 |
||||
|
Tapereira |
7 |
357 |
51 |
||||
|
Terra Vermelha |
1 |
66 |
66 |
||||
|
Vila Santana |
2 |
168 |
84 |
||||
|
Amazonas
9 communities |
Foz do Rio Ajuruxi |
4 |
17 |
268 |
878 |
67 |
51,6 |
|
Rio Ariramba |
1 |
38 |
38 |
||||
|
Rio Arirambinha |
2 |
76 |
38 |
||||
|
Rio Bispo |
1 |
53 |
53 |
||||
|
Rio Capitão |
2 |
136 |
68 |
||||
|
Rio Carneiro |
1 |
24 |
24 |
||||
|
Rio Chato |
1 |
58 |
58 |
||||
|
Rio Mulato |
2 |
96 |
48 |
||||
|
Vila Betel |
3 |
129 |
43 |
||||
|
|
|
56 |
56 |
2896 |
2896 |
|
|
The methodological procedure adopted in the present study resulted in the finding of 56 plant specialists (37 women and 19 men), aged between 25 and 97 years old, and with the following social occupations: farmers, extractivists, artisans, builders, fishermen, chestnut collectors, rubber tappers, carpenters, shamans and midwives.
According to the interviewed, the ethnobotanical knowledge about PANC (Non-Conventional Food Plants) and medicinal plants is concentrated in adults. Of the 56 interviewed, 31 are people aged between 25 and 59 years old, whose average age is 58.9 ± 14.6. Although there are many elderly people, these results differ from other studies found in the literature in which they show that ethnobotanical knowledge about PANC and medicinal plants is concentraded in the elderly [34, 36, 37]. It is worth mentioning that the average age in the state of Amapá is 73.9 years [38], which is 20% higher than the average age of the interviewed in this study, thus, showing that this population, even though younger, has their ways of lives more dependent on the local plant resources.
The interviewees admitted that the young population of the unit are still interested in food and medicinal resources, although it differs from other studies on the subject [39], denominated “cultural erosion” by some authors [40]. However, it was possible to observe through the reports by the interviewed that in recent years, the phenomenon of urbanization in rural areas (access to traditionally urban goods and services, change in the income profile of some families), associated with the scarcity of some food resources (fish, and plants) has impacted the ways of life of local populations, gradually arousing greater interest in other food sources, and medicines in the pharmaceutical industry.
The relationship between the forms of use of these species occurs mainly because they are found in the same environment, propagated or cultivated using the same techniques. This relationship was established, above all, due to the geographic isolation in which these families are found, far from urban centers and without the possibility of income so to acquire other sources of food and medicines, therefore, these species have established themselves as the main resources, whose relationship is observed in other parts of Brazil and the world [41, 42].
Non-conventional food and medicinal plants
A total of 269 plant species used for food and medicinal purposes were identified. They were distributed in 84 families and 198 botanical genera, resulting in a total of 2,896 citations. The species with the highest number of citations were E. foetidum (Apiaceae) and I. batatas (Convolvulaceae), which were cited 53 and 52 times, respectively. E foetidum is a species of medicinal and food use. For therapeutic purposes, the tea boiled from its roots is indicated to fight parasites of the human organism, and as a food use, its leaves are cooked together with other foods. I. batatas is used for food purposes only, its tubers are cooked and served for breakfast (Table 2).
Table 2 contains information about the species identified in this study. The botanical families Arecaeae and Lamiaceae had the largest number of food and medicinal species, 19 and 17 species, respectively, with a predominance of species used for medicinal purposes. A situation also observed in other studies carried out with traditional populations in the Amazon, including studies carried out in rural communities in the municipality of Manacapuru, in Amazonas, Brazil [43]. In other communities in this municipality (Manacapuru/AM, Brazil), Costa, Mitja analyzed plant resources used by family farmers and observed a predominance of resources used for medicinal purposes [44].
In relation to the propagation environment of the species, it was found in the forest, vegetable gardens, orchards, Family farms and riparian forests (Table 2), but with predominance for those found in the forest (120 species) and in the vegetable gardens (65 species). This situation occurs mainly for two reasons. Firstly, because the study region is an environmental protected area in which plant extractions is the main source of income of the families, hence their strong relationship with the forest, as observed by Silva, Fantini, Shanley [45]. Secondly, because the communities where the families live are floodplain areas, which are flooded throughout the year, and like their residences, the gardens are also built with wood, or planted in canoes suspended from the ground, to prevent flooding and attack by animals that are raised loose, like buffalo. This form of cultivation in suspended beds has already been recorded in other studies with traditional populations and farmers in the Brazilian Amazon [43, 44].
Vegetable gardens are places where families grow herbaceous species, built on a wooden structure, in which the soil, fertilizer and pots with the plants are placed; are located behind residences and elevated from the ground to protect against flooding rivers and animals. Orchards resemble agroforestry backyards, are located around residences, are forests (medicinal, food and other uses) formed by randomly established tree species, with no defined spacing. Family farms are openings held annually in the middle of the forest, through cutting and burning of vegetation, in these places the species of annual cycle are cultivated, used by the family for food and medicinal purposes.Also, it is observed that the relationship between propagation environment, growth habit, stage of domestication and vegetative cycles is associated with the physiological characteristics of plants since there is no way to establish a tree species in a suspended garden, nor to cultivate a herbaceous in a shaded forest environment as observed in a study carried out on the use and knowledge of plants by traditional populations of the Tapajós National Forest (Santarém PA / Brazil) [17]. The availability of these plant resources is associated with the social organization of families, since herbaceous species are required on a daily basis, and for this reason they are found in vegetable gardens and orchards, being easily accessible for women who deal with household activities [46]. The species located in the forest are seasonal, which makes them to be obtained, making them less required [46].
According to the interviewed' report, the number of PANC species and medicinal plants is decreasing and are found with more difficulties, mainly forest species with wood and food value, such as Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec, Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers., Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K., Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith. This situation has occurred mainly due to the raise in the local population, which demanded the construction of more gardens and, consequently, increased the pressure on the river and the forest, but also due to the outbreaks of burning and deforestation that has frequently occurred within the unit. This is an aggravating factor, since many species are directly related to the food security of these families and there is no agronomic protocol, with propagation and management techniques that make it possible to replant seedlings.
The availability and seasonality of the species influence the social organization of families and communities [47]. This situation was observed in this study, since the forest provides many fruit food species, however they are only available during the rainy season (February to June). After this period, the main food species are grown in the family farms (particularlry the rhizomes and some herbaceous) during the Amazonian summer (July to December). The gardens are perennial and have food and medicinal species throughout the year. Medicinal resources such as leaves, seeds and bark are also available year-round in forests, riparian forests and orchards.
It was found in this study 138 plant species for food use. Of these, 96 are fruit species (the others are vegetables, seeds and rhizomes), and correspond to 69.5% of the food species found in here. Vegetables are consumed with food and represent only 6% of this percentage, which corroborates the fact that fruits are more present in the diet of traditional populations in the Amazon, as already observed in other studies [19, 44], together with cassava flour (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) and fish [48, 49]. Also, the consumption of vegetables is low among this population group, as highlighted by Adams, Murrieta, Sanches [50].
Among the species found in the study and available in Table 2, it was observed that some of them, from the families Acanthaceae and Amaranthaceae, has the same popular name of the trade name of some medicines sold by the pharmaceutical industry, such as the anador species (Justicia pectoralisvar. stenophylla Leonard), melhoral (Justicia pectoralis Jacq.), ampicilina (Alternanthera tenella Colla), penicilina (Gomphrena arborescens L.f.), terramicina (Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze), cibalena (Artemisia vulgaris L.), elixir paregórico (Ocimum selloi Benth.), insulina (Cissus sicyoides L.), vique grande (Mentha spicata L.) and vique pequeno (Mentha arvensis L.). Other authors have already found similar to the one in which these home remedies are associated with names of industrialized medicines, usually prepared in the form of teas [51]. A possible explanation for the attribution of the name of industrialized remedies to many medicinal plants may be related to the influence of allopathic medicine in rural areas, in which the name given to these plants has something to do with the smell, taste or effect of an industrialized medicine [51, 52].
Regarding the non-conventionality of food vegetable species, it is observed that in regions with more technified agriculture, some PANC species are already duly improved genetically and established in commercial cultivation systems, as well Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Cocos nucifera, Aloe vera, Ruta graveolens, Citrus sinensis, among others. However, authors like Kinupp and Lorenzi; Leal and collaborators emphasize that the condition of non-conventionality is established by the relationship between the plant species and the populations that use it, and also by the technical conditions (cultivation and genetic improvement) in which the species is found [12, 14]. These conditions corroborate what is observed in ethnobotanical studies, which express above all, the relationship and importance of these species for the food security strategies of families residing in regions where these species are the only food resource [14].
Table 2. Botanical family, scientific and popular name, category of use, propagation environment, growth habit, forms of use, medicinal indications, domestication stage and registration of food and medicinal plant species found in the Cajari River Extractive Reserve, Amazon, Brazil.
|
Botanical family |
Scientific name |
Popular name |
Cat. |
Env. |
Grow. |
Forms of use |
Medicinal indications |
Dom. |
Reg. |
|
Acanthaceae |
Justicia pectoralisvar. stenophylla Leonard |
Anador |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache and stomachache |
C |
INPA 20639 |
|
Justicia pectoralis Jacq. |
Melhoral |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache |
C |
INPA 106185 |
|
|
Justicia acuminatissima (Miq.) Bremek |
Saratudo |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Tranquilizer, fever and measles |
C, S |
INPA 223272 |
|
|
Adoxaceae |
Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl. |
Sabugueiro |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Inflammation |
C, S |
INPA 208304 |
|
Amaranthaceae |
Alternanthera tenella Colla |
Ampicilina de planta |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea with C. spicatus, P. niruri and A. muricata leaves |
Stomachache; urinary tract infection |
C |
INPA 71449 |
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. |
Mastruz |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea with E. foetidum and C. papaya roots |
Worm |
C, S |
INPA 277507 |
|
|
Gomphrena arborescens L.f. |
Penicilina |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea with C. spicatus, P. niruri and A. muricata leaves |
Urinary tract infection |
C |
INPA 81315 |
|
|
Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze |
Terramicina |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache |
C |
INPA 220460 |
|
|
Anacardiaceae |
Anacardium occidentale L. |
Caju |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: Tree bark tea - F: fresh fruit |
Diarrhea |
S |
CEN 65224 |
|
Anacardium giganteum L. |
Caju açu |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: Tree bark tea - F: fresh fruit |
Diarrhea |
S |
INPA 61226 |
|
|
Curatella americana L. |
Caju do mato |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
HAMAB 9415 |
|
|
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi |
Ceru |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: Tree bark tea - F: almond |
Gastritis; worm |
S |
INPA 139911 |
|
|
Mangifera indica L. |
Manga |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: Tree bark tea; bath: leaves of M. paradisíaca, E. oleracea, C. nucifera and C. citratus / F: fresh fruit and juice |
Stomachache; bathe woman after childbirth |
S |
INPA 262837 |
|
|
Spondias mombin L. |
Taperebá (cajá) |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: grind the tree knot and spread over the wound / F: fresh fruit and juice |
Healing |
S |
INPA 141180 |
|
|
Annonaceae |
Annona glabra L. |
Araticum |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 270299 |
|
Annona mucosa Jacq. |
Biribá |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: put tree bark it in the water until it gets colored and drink it / F: fresh fruit and juice |
Sore throat |
C |
INPA 2181 |
|
|
Annona montana Macfad. |
Conde |
F |
O |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 246115 |
|
|
Annona muricata L. |
Graviola |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: beverage of the leaves with A. esperanzae problem; leaf tea with A. tenella leaves, P. niruri and C. spicatus / F: fresh fruit and juice |
Aches over the body; urinary tract infection |
S |
INPA 75580 |
|
|
Apiaceae |
Arracacia xanthorriza Bancr. |
Batata crioula |
F |
Ff |
Cr |
Cooked rhizome |
|
C |
BOTU 25096 |
|
Eryngium foetidum L. |
Chicória |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: tea of the roots with C. papaya leaves and of C. ambrosioides leaves / F: leaves cooked with other foods |
Worm |
C, S |
INPA 269532 |
|
|
Cuminum cyminum L. |
Cominho |
Mf |
Vg |
He |
M: Leaf tea; grind the leaf with C. frutescens leaves and P. nigrum seed / F: leaves cooked with other foods |
Seasickness; labor pain |
C |
MFS 006777 |
|
|
Apocynaceae |
Parahancornia fasciculata (Poir) Benoist. |
Amapá amargo |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drinking tree milk |
Ulcer and gastritis |
S |
INPA 149037 |
|
Aspidosperma nitidum L. |
Carapanauba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of the bark of the tree |
Tiredness |
S |
HAMAB 1341 |
|
|
Lacmellea arborescens (M. Arq.) |
Guajaraí |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 257566 |
|
|
Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) |
Sucuuba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drinking tree milk |
Tiredness |
S |
INPA 102608 |
|
|
Araceae |
Montrichardia linifera Schott. |
Aningueira |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drink the sap from the stem |
Swelling in the spleen (splenomegaly) |
S |
INPA 1442 |
|
Caladium bicolor L. |
Brasileirinho |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Hypertension |
C |
INPA 126294 |
|
|
Heteropsis flexuosa (H.B.K.) G.S. Bunting |
Cipó titica |
M |
Fo |
Cl |
Heat the plant stem and spread it over the spot |
Stingray sting (Brycon sp.) |
S |
INPA 40853 |
|
|
Pistia stratiotes L. |
Mururé |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drinking tree milk |
Inflammation |
S |
INPA 108940 |
|
|
Philodendron martianum Engl. |
Pacapeá |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Pour the tree milk in the aching tooth |
Toothache |
S |
IAN 23267 |
|
|
Xanthosoma taioba E.G. Gonç. |
Tajoba |
F |
Ff, O |
He |
Leaf, stem and rhizome cooked together with other foods |
|
C, S |
EAFM 11025 |
|
|
Arecaceae |
Euterpe oleracea Mart. |
Açaí |
Mf |
O, Rf |
Tr |
M: tea with the roots, with C. citratus root, dry C. nucifera and B. excelsa exocarp, and C. winterianus leaves; bath with dry straw with C. citratus, M. indica peel and M. paradisíaca leaf; bath: dry leaves of M. paradisíaca and C. nucifera leaves, with M. indica peel and C. citratus / F: juice |
Hepatitis; malaise during pregnancy; bathe woman after childbirth |
C, S |
INPA 50244 |
|
Oenocarpus bacaba Mart. |
Bacaba |
Mf |
Fo, O |
Tr |
M: tea with the roots / F: juice |
Worm |
S |
INPA 166040 |
|
|
Oenocarpus mapora Karsten |
Bacabi |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Juice |
|
S |
INPA 237380 |
|
|
Manicaria saccifera Gaertn. |
Buçu |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: drink C. nucifera water / F: fresh fruit |
Gastritis |
S |
INPA 169645 |
|
|
Mauritiella armata L. |
Caranã |
F |
Rf |
Tr |
F: fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 45076 |
|
|
Cocos nucifera L. |
Coco |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: tea with the dry exocarp, with C. citratus root and B. excelsa exocarp, and C. winterianus leaves; bath (dry exocarp), C. citratus, M. indica peel, M. paradisíaca leaf and E. oleracea leaves; bath: dry leaves from M. paradisíaca, E. oleracea and C. citratus, with M. indica peel / F: fresh fruit and candy |
Hepatitis; malaise during pregnancy; bathe woman after childbirth |
C |
INPA 224686 |
|
|
Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman |
Coquinho |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drink the fruit water |
Malaria |
S |
UB 4332 |
|
|
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. |
Dendê |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of root with C. langsdorfii oil and honey |
Gastritis |
S |
IAN 44216 |
|
|
Maximiliana maripa L. |
Inajá |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 142748 |
|
|
Bactris acanthocarpa Mart. |
Marajá |
F |
Fo |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 163347 |
|
|
Mauritia flexuosa L.f. |
Miriti |
F |
Rf |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 170030 |
|
|
Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. |
Mucajá |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: tea with the roots / F: fresh fruit |
Urinary tract infection |
S |
INPA 187839 |
|
|
Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. |
Muru muru |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: Pour almond oil over the aching tooth / F: fresh fruit |
Toothache |
S |
INPA 172726 |
|
|
Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. |
Ouricuri |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
IAN 181411 |
|
|
Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng |
Palha preta (babaçu) |
F |
Rf |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
IAN 158491 |
|
|
Oenocarpus bataua Mart. |
Patauá |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Suco |
|
S |
INPA 172632 |
|
|
Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) |
Paxiuba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Scrape the bark of the tree and put it under the navel |
New-born navel healing |
S |
INPA 70450 |
|
|
Bactris gasipaes (kunth) |
Pupunha |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: massage the body with the fruit oil / F: boiled fruit |
Aches over the body |
C |
INPA 206550 |
|
|
Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. |
Tucumã |
Mf |
Rf |
Tr |
M: wash the hair with the seed water / F: fresh fruit |
Loss of hair |
S |
INPA 20491 |
|
|
Aristolochiaceae |
Aristolochia esperanzae Kuntze |
Cipó pra tudo |
M |
Fo |
Cl |
Beverage with A. muricata leaves; leaf and stem tea with C. sinensis leaves |
Pain (stomachache, headache); gases |
S |
INPA 200441 |
|
Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. & Zucc. |
Urubu-caá |
M |
Fo |
Cl |
Tea from the fruit and bark of the tree |
Pain (stomachache, headache) |
S |
CEN 55930 |
|
|
Asclepiadaceae |
Elcomarrhiza amylacea Barb. Rod. |
Cumacá |
M |
Fo |
He |
Pour plant milk over the eye |
Sight problems |
S |
ESA 118941 |
|
Asparagaceae |
Sansevieria trifasciata Bojer |
Babosa grande |
M |
Vg |
He |
Drink the beverage, or cut and spread the gel on the swelling; prepare mixture and massage the body; syrup with K. brasiliensis or B. pinnatum leaves and honey |
Swelling, inflammation, low blood pressure; gastritis |
C |
INPA 268044 |
|
Asphodelaceae |
Aloe vera (L.) Burn. f. |
Babosa pequena |
M |
Vg |
He |
Drink the beverage, or cut and spread the gel on the swelling; prepare mixture and massage the body; syrup with K. brasiliensis or B. pinnatum leaves and honey |
Swelling, inflammation, low blood pressure; gastritis |
C |
INPA 106256 |
|
Asteraceae |
Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delie) |
Boldo africano |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea, with C. rotundus and F. chica leaves |
Malaria, diabetes and cirrhosis |
C |
IAN 192804 |
|
Matricaria recutita L. |
Camomila |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Tranquilizer |
C |
UB 25796 |
|
|
Tanacetum vulgare L. |
Catinga de mulata |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea. Leaf mixture with alcohol, leaves from R. officinalis, R. graveolens and S. orientale seed |
Headache; diarrhea, stroke |
C |
EAFM 11721 |
|
|
Artemisia vulgaris L. |
Cibalena |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
cramps, hemorrhage and fever |
C |
INPA 195375 |
|
|
Mikania cordifolia (L.f.) Willd. |
Cipó sucuriju |
M |
Fo |
Sh |
Beverage of the bark of the vine |
Gastritis |
S |
INPA 11390 |
|
|
Tagetes minuta L. |
Cravo de planta |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf bath |
Flu and cold |
C |
INPA 208085 |
|
|
Clibadium surinamense Linn. |
Cunambi |
M |
Ff |
He |
Seed tea |
Pneumonia |
C |
INPA 7304 |
|
|
Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen |
Jambu |
Mf |
Vg |
He |
M: beverage of the leaves with bee honey and C. guianensis oil / F: leaf cooked with other foods |
Sore throat and flu |
C |
INPA 234141 |
|
|
Eupatorium ayapana Vent. |
Japana branca |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache |
C |
JPB 40991 |
|
|
Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. |
Japana roxa |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache |
C |
IAN 182445 |
|
|
Chaptalia nutans (L.) Pol. |
Língua de vaca |
M |
O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Hemorrhage |
S |
INPA 139919 |
|
|
Basellaceae |
Basella alba L. |
Couve manteiga |
F |
Vg |
He |
Sautéed with other foods |
|
C |
INPA 202567 |
|
Bignoniaceae |
Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) |
Cariobeira |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Tree bark tea |
Inflammation |
S |
INPA 208861 |
|
Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry |
Cipó alho |
Mf |
Fo |
Cl |
M: tea and beverage of the leaves / F: cooked with other foods |
Aches over the body |
S |
INPA 177754 |
|
|
Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr.) |
Cipó curimbó |
M
|
Fo |
Cl |
Leaf and bark tea |
Protect against “evil eye” |
S |
IAN 134799 |
|
|
Bignonia exoleta Vell. |
Cipó morceguinho (unha de morcego) |
M |
Fo |
Cl |
Stem tea |
Headache and stomachache |
S |
IAC 25183 |
|
|
Crescentia cujete L. |
Cuia |
M |
O |
Tr |
Leaf bath; bath with bark of nazarana tree and C. deodara with S. guianensis leaves |
Flu and cold; fever and “evil eye” |
S |
INPA 262772 |
|
|
Fridericia chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) |
Pariri (crajiru, bariri) |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea; beverage of the leaves with bark of the D. subcymosa, and leaves of P. americana tree and of G. hirsutum |
Anemia and gastritis |
C |
INPA 268098 |
|
|
Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith |
Pau d’arco |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Put tree bark it in the water until it gets colored and drink it |
Stomachache |
S |
INPA 197056 |
|
|
Bixaceae |
Bixa orellana L. |
Urucum |
Mf |
O |
Sh |
M: beverage of the seed with H. courbaril bark, D. odorata seed, Z. mioga and honey / F: food coloring |
Flu, cough and pneumonia |
S |
INPA 126318 |
|
Bromeliaceae |
Ananas comosus L. |
Abacaxi |
Mf |
Ff |
He |
M: eat the fresh fruit or drink juice with milk / F: fresh fruit and juice |
Kidney stone |
C |
INPA 21589 |
|
Burseraceae |
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand |
Breu branco |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Squeeze the green bark and drink the juice |
Amoeba, diarrhea |
S |
INPA 48621 |
|
Cactaceae |
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rosa |
Pitaíca |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Spread plant milk on the cut or wound. In relation to hemorrhage, drink the milk |
Stop cutting blood, wound and bleeding |
S |
IAN 143972 |
|
Caesalpiniaceae |
Martiodendron elatum (Ducke) Gleason |
Jutaicica |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Tree bark tea |
Worm |
S |
INPA 2582 |
|
Mora paraensis (Ducke) |
Pracuuba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Tree bark tea |
Diarrhea |
S |
INPA 66512 |
|
|
Tachigalia paniculata Aublet |
Taxizeiro |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of the bark of the tree |
Aches over the body |
S |
INPAw 598 |
|
|
Calophyllaceae |
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. |
Jacareúba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Put tree bark it in the water until it gets colored and drink it |
Diabetes |
S |
INPA 191340 |
|
Caricaceae |
Carica papaya L. |
Mamão |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: tea of the roots with E. foetidum leaves and of C. ambrosioides leaves; mixture with honey and drink / F: fresh fruit |
Worm; relieves cervical spine pain |
S |
INPA 1104 |
|
Caryocaraceae |
Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. |
Pequiá |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Boiled fruit |
|
S |
INPA 20557 |
|
Caryophyllaceae |
Drymaria cordata (L.) Wild. |
Agrião selvagem |
F |
Vg |
He |
Leaves cooked with other foods |
|
C |
INPA 216554 |
|
Chrysobalanaceae |
Chrysobalanus icaco L. |
Juru |
F |
Rf |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 13451 |
|
Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch |
Macucu (oiti) |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 44983 |
|
|
Couepia subcordata Benth. |
Marí marí |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 108789 |
|
|
Clusiaceae |
Symphonia globulifera L. f. |
Anani |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Use milk to clog the area of the strain |
Muscle strain |
S |
INPA 175947 |
|
Platonia insignis Mart. |
Bacuri |
F |
Fo, O |
Tr |
Fresh fruit and juice |
|
S |
INPA 23852 |
|
|
Platonia grandiflora Plach. |
Bacuri açu |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit and juice |
|
S |
NYBG 2730667 |
|
|
Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel |
Bacuri azedo |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit and juice |
|
S |
INPA 92041 |
|
|
Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. |
Bacuri liso (bacurizinho) |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit and juice |
|
S |
INPA 98907 |
|
|
Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. |
Lacre |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Squeeze the juice from the leaves on the affected area |
Mycosis and skin irritation |
S |
INPA 178820 |
|
|
Convolvulaceaea |
Ipomoea batatas (L.) |
Batata doce |
F |
Ff, O |
Cr |
Cooked |
|
C, S |
INPA 3882 |
|
Ipomoea batatas (L.) var. Rainha |
Batata rainha |
F |
Ff, O |
Cr |
Cooked |
|
C, S |
IAN 169732 |
|
|
Ipomoea purga (Wender.) Hayne |
Batatão |
M |
Ff |
Cr |
Grind the rhizome, put it in the water until it gets colored and drink it |
Elimination of toxic substances in the blood |
C |
MBM 214631 |
|
|
Costaceae |
Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. |
Cana ficha |
M |
O |
Sh |
Leaf and stem tea with A. tenella leaves, of P. niruri and of A. muricata; beverage of V. surinamensis bark with “mangangá” M. acuminata |
Urinary tract infection; uterine infection |
S |
INPA 268099 |
|
Crassulaceae |
Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess. |
Pirarucu branco (são raimundo) |
M |
VG, O |
He |
Syrup: mixture the leaves with Aloe sp. and honey; leaf tea |
Gastritis |
C, S |
IAN 165540 |
|
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken |
Pirarucu roxo (são raimundo) |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Syrup: mixture the leaves with Aloe sp. and honey; leaf tea |
Gastritis |
C, S |
INPA 268096 |
|
|
Cucurbitaceae |
Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. |
Buchinha (cabacinha) |
M |
O |
Cl |
Cut the fruit, boil it in oil and massage the local; dried fruit tea with the root of the P. angulata, and leaves of Q. amara and A. grandifolia |
Hematoma; malaria |
C |
INPA 224139 |
|
Cucurbita pepo L. |
Jerimum (abóbora) |
Mf |
Ff, O |
Cr |
M: stem tea / F: fruit cooked with other foods |
Rheumatism |
C, S |
INPA 235420 |
|
|
Cucumis anguria L. |
Maxixe |
Mf |
Ff, O |
Cr |
Fruit cooked with other foods (M/F) |
Cholesterol |
C, S |
INPA 1082 |
|
|
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) |
Melancia |
Mf |
Ff, O |
Cr |
M: grind the seed, put it in the water and drink it / F: fresh fruit |
Stroke |
C, S |
INPA 56793 |
|
|
Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin |
Melão caipira |
F |
Ff, O |
Cl |
Fresh fruit and juice |
|
C, S |
INPA 8973 |
|
|
Cyperaceae |
Cyperus articulatus L. |
Pripioca |
M |
Vg |
He |
Grind the rhizome, make bath or tea and massage the body |
Aches over the body |
C |
INPA 21149 |
|
Cyperus rotundus L. |
Tiririca |
M |
Fo |
He |
Leaf tea, with P. barbatus and from F. chica leaves |
Diabetes |
S |
INPA 2202 |
|
|
Dioscoreaceae |
Dioscorea dodecaneura Vell. |
Cará branco |
F |
Ff, O |
Cl |
Cooked rhizome |
|
C, S |
INPA 192411 |
|
Dioscorea bulbifera L. |
Cará do ar |
F |
Ff, O |
Cl |
Boiled fruit |
|
C, S |
MFS 8146 |
|
|
Dioscorea altissima Lam. |
Cará mão de onça |
F |
Ff, O |
Cl |
Cooked rhizome |
|
C, S |
INPA 200524 |
|
|
Dioscorea trifida L.f. |
Cará roxo |
F |
Ff, O |
Cl |
Cooked rhizome |
|
C, S |
INPA 234412 |
|
|
Euphorbiaceae |
Hura crepitans L. |
Assacu |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drink the tree milk diluted in water |
Combat and avoid cancer |
S |
INPAw 9850 |
|
Euphorbia tirucalli L. |
Cachorro pelado |
M |
Ff, O |
He |
Drink the tree milk diluted in water |
Combat and avoid cancer |
C, S |
HAMAB 016898 |
|
|
Omphalea diandra L. |
Comadre do azeite (mãe de azeite) |
Mf |
Fo |
Cl |
M: grind the fruit, cook it, extract the oil and drink it / F: use the oil from the fruit to prepare the food |
Asthma |
S |
INPA 39142 |
|
|
Croton calycularis Huber |
Esturaque |
M |
O |
He |
Syrup with honey, D. odorata seed with P. amboinicus leaves |
Flu and cold |
S |
INPAw 1877 |
|
|
Manihot esculenta Crantz. |
Macaxeira |
F |
Ff |
Sh |
Roots cooked with other foods |
|
C |
INPA 17931 |
|
|
Sapium taburu Ule |
Murupita |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Spread the tree milk over the affected area |
Stingray sting (Brycon sp.) |
S |
INPA 206577 |
|
|
Jatropha curcas L. |
Pião branco |
M |
O |
Sh |
Leaf bath, prepare a pill from the crushed seed; spread the milk from the plant over the wounded site; bath with Citrus and O. campechianum leaves, leave in the dew and wash your hair the next day |
Migraine; wound healing; flu and cold |
S |
INPA 224670 |
|
|
Jatropha molissima L. |
Pião pajé |
M |
O |
He |
Fruit cooked with coffee; spread the milk of the plant over the wound, or drink tea from the leaves |
Anti-inflammatory; heal wounds |
S |
EAC 160 |
|
|
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. |
Pião roxo |
M |
O |
Sh |
Tea and bath of the leaves, prepares a pill from the ground seed; spread the milk from the plant over the wounded site; bath with Citrus and O. campechianum leaves, leave in the dew and wash your hair the next day; Leaf bath, with B. caapi and P. alliacea leaves |
Migraine; wound healing; flu and cold; “evil eye” |
S |
INPA 187526 |
|
|
Hevea brasiliensis L. |
Seringueira |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: use milk to clog the area of the strain / F: mixes the tree milk in the coffee and drinks |
Muscle strain |
S |
INPA 54796 |
|
|
Fabaceae - caesalpinioideae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vouacapoua americana Aubl. |
Acapu |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Tree bark tea |
Amoeba |
S |
INPA 266591 |
|
|
Ormosia coutinhoi Ducke |
Buiuçú |
Mf |
Fo |
Sh |
M: put tree bark it in the water until it gets colored and drink it / F: fresh fruit |
“evil eye” |
S |
INPA 140000 |
|
|
Copaifera langsdorfii Desf. |
Copaíba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of the tree oil with E. guineensis roots and honey |
Gastritis |
S |
INPA 74512 |
|
|
Hymenaea courbaril L. |
Jatobá (jutaí) |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: beverage with D. odorata and B. orellana seeds, Z. mioga and honey / F: fresh fruit |
Flu, cough and pneumonia |
S |
INPA 143023 |
|
|
Caesalpinia ferrea var. cearensis Huber. |
Jucá |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Leaf tea |
Stomachache |
S |
IAN 11254 |
|
|
Senna alata (L.) Roxb. |
Mata-pasto |
M |
Rf |
Sh |
Flower tea |
Worm |
S |
INPA 192128 |
|
|
Tamarindus indica L. |
Tamarindo |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 40979 |
|
|
Fabaceae - faboideae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke. |
Cipó verônica |
M |
Rf, O |
Sh |
Beverage: bark with and leaves of P. americana, F. chica and of G. hirsutum; or with bark of espinheira santa, U. tomentosa and S. adstringens |
Gastritis and anemia |
S |
INPA 248892 |
|
|
Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Wild. |
Cumaru |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of H. courbaril bark, B. orellana seeds, Z. mioga and honey; syrup with honey, leaves C. calycularis and P. amboinicus |
Flu, cough, pneumonia and could |
S |
INPA 171369 |
|
|
Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex Benth. |
Escada de jabuti |
M |
Fo |
Cl |
Tea or beverage of vine |
Aches over the body |
S |
HAMAB 9721 |
|
|
Vicia faba L. |
Faveira |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Squeeze the seed oil into the skin with ringworm |
Ringworm |
S |
MAR 1293 |
|
|
Macaco cipó |
M |
Fo |
Cl |
Use milk to clog the area of the strain |
Muscle strain |
S |
INPA 88854 |
||
|
Erythrina falcata Benth. |
Molongó |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: spread the tree milk on the affected area / F: fresh fruit |
Eliminate the skin bug |
S |
UB 141887 |
|
|
Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl |
Mututi |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Tea; put it in the water until it gets colored and drink it |
Anti-inflammatory |
S |
INPA 3358 |
|
|
Canavalia boliviana Piper. |
Papo de mutum |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
EAC 24200 |
|
|
Ateleia glazioveana Baillon |
Timbó |
M |
O |
He |
Rub the leaf milk over the distended area |
Muscle strain |
S |
INPA 2626 |
|
|
Fabaceae - mimosoideae |
Pentaclethra macroloba Wild. Kuntze |
Pracaxi |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Apply the oil over the infection |
Skin infection |
S |
INPA 1356 |
|
Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Covile |
Barbatimão |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of the bark tree with bark of espinheira santa, U. tomentosa and D. subcymosa |
Gastritis |
S |
INPA 220296 |
|
|
Inga edulis Mart. |
Ingá cipó |
F |
Rf |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 221912 |
|
|
Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart. |
Ingá macaco |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
VIC 52305 |
|
|
Inga vulpina Benth. |
Ingá peludo |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 200956 |
|
|
Inga cinnamomea Spruce Ex Benth. |
Ingá pracuúba |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 10285 |
|
|
Goupiaceae |
Goupia glabra Aubl. |
Cupiuba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drink the tree milk |
Diabetes |
S |
INPA 68431 |
|
Hippocrateaceae |
Salacia sp. |
Gogó de guariba |
F |
Fo |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 188715 |
|
Humiriaceae |
Sacoglottis guianensis Benth. |
Achuá (chuá) |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 264871 |
|
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. |
Uxi |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: Tree bark tea / F: fresh fruit |
Diarrhea |
S |
INPA 125538 |
|
|
Sacoglottis amazonica Benth. |
Uxirana |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 149064 |
|
|
Icacinaceae |
Poraqueiba sericea Tul |
Marí |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 211642 |
|
Iridaceae |
Eleutherine plicata Herb. |
Marupá (marupazinho) |
M |
Vg |
He |
Root tea; leaf tea, with P. pilosa leaves |
Worm; diarrhea |
C |
INPA 106195 |
|
Lamiaceae |
Rosmarinus officinalis L. |
Alecrim |
Mf |
Vg |
He |
M: leaf tea, with leaves H. suaveolens and O. selloi; mixture of the leaves with alcohol, leaves of T. vulgare, R. graveolens and S. orientale seeds / F: cooked with other foods |
Diarrhea; stroke |
C |
EAFM 12462 |
|
Ocimum campechianum Mill. |
Alfavaca |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: cooked with other foods; bath with leaves C. limonum and Jatropha sp., leave in the dew and wash your hair the next day / F: cooked with other foods |
Flu and cold |
C, S |
INPA 106235 |
|
|
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. |
Alfazema |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea, with leaves R. officinalis and O. selloi; mixture with leaves, alcohol, leaves T. vulgare and R. graveolens; and Sesamum seeds |
Diarrhea; stroke |
C |
INPA 199432 |
|
|
Plectranthus barbatus Andrews |
Boldo grande |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea, with leaves C. rotundus and F. chica |
Diabetes |
C, S |
INPA 224638 |
|
|
Plectranthus grandis (Cramer) R. Willense |
Boldo pequeno |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea, with leaves C. rotundus and F. chica |
Diabetes |
C, S |
HPL 3629 |
|
|
Marrubium vulgare L. |
Desinflama |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Tiredness |
C, S |
IAN 167767 |
|
|
Ocimum selloi Benth. |
Elixir paregórico |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea, with leaves R. officinalis and R. officinalis; mixture with leaves, alcohol, leaves T. vulgare and R. graveolens; and Sesamum seeds |
Diarrhea; stroke |
C, S |
IAC 44399 |
|
|
Melissa officinalis L. |
Erva cidreira |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: leaf tea / F: cooked with other foods |
Tranquilizer |
C, S |
IAN 35950 |
|
|
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. |
Hortelã grande |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: syrup with honey, D. odorata seeds and C. calycularis leaves / F: cooked with other foods |
Flu and cold |
C, S |
INPA 268057 |
|
|
Mentha x villosa Huds. |
Hortelanzinho |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: syrup with honey, D. odorata seeds and C. calycularis leaves / F: cooked with other foods |
Flu and cold |
C, S |
EAC 54138 |
|
|
Ocimum basilicum L. |
Manjericão |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: leaf tea and bath to wash your head / F: cooked with other foods |
Flu and cold |
C, S |
HFSL 2735 |
|
|
Origanum vulgare L. |
Manjerona |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache |
C, S |
INPA 147733 |
|
|
Pogostemon cablin Benth. |
Oriza |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Aches over the body |
C, S |
INPA 187521 |
|
|
Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd |
Pluma |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Stomachache |
C, S |
EAFM 12123 |
|
|
Scutellaria agrestis A. St.-Hil. ex Benth. |
Trevo roxo (panana) |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Squeeze the juice from the leaves on the ear |
Ear pain |
C, S |
INPA 235447 |
|
|
Mentha spicata L. |
Vique grande |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache |
C, S |
INPA 233360 |
|
|
Mentha arvensis L. |
Vique pequeno |
M |
Vg, O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Headache |
C, S |
IAN 112431 |
|
|
Lauraceae |
Persea americana Mill. |
Abacate |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: leaf tea; beverage of leaves with D. subcymosa bark, and F. chica and G. hirsutum leaves / F: fresh fruit and juice |
Rheumatism; gastritis and anemia |
C |
INPA 280645 |
|
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume |
Canela |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
Leaf tea (M/F) |
Tranquilizer |
S |
EAFM 13320 |
|
|
Aniba canelilla (Kunth) |
Preciosa |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
Leaf tea (M/F) |
Stomachache |
S |
IAN 146413 |
|
|
Lecythidaceae |
Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. |
Castanha-do-brasil |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: put tree bark it in the water until it gets colored and drink it; leaf tea with C. citratus and E. oleracea root, and C. nucifera / F: fresh almonds |
Amoeba; hepatitis |
S |
INPAw 7785 |
|
Couroupita guianensis Aubl. |
Curupita |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Spread the tree milk under the affected area |
Stingray sting (Brycon sp.), scorpion and snake |
S |
INPA 15960 |
|
|
Lecythis pisonis Cambess. |
Sapucaia |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: put tree bark it in the water until it gets colored and under the affected area - / F: fresh almonds |
Ringworm |
S |
INPA 161763 |
|
|
Loganiaceae |
Spigelia anthelmia L. |
Lombrigueira |
M |
Fo |
He |
Leaf tea |
Worm |
S |
INPA 104116 |
|
Malpighiaceae |
Banisteria caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) |
Cabi |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Leaf tea with J. gossypiifolia and P. alliacea leaves |
“evil eye” |
S |
RFA 5243 |
|
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth |
Muruci |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit and juice |
|
S |
INPA 187250 |
|
|
Malvaceae |
Gossypium hirsutum L. |
Algodão branco |
M |
O |
Sh |
Beverage of leaf with bark D. subcymosa, F. chica and P. americana; grind the seed with milk and drink it |
Gastritis, anemia; babies vomiting |
S |
INPA 106310 |
|
Herrania mariae (Mart.) Decne. ex Goudot |
Cacauí (cacau jacaré) |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 3788 |
|
|
Theobroma subincanum Mart. |
Cupuí |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 200343 |
|
|
Althaea officinalis L. |
Malvarisco |
M |
Vg |
He |
Grind the leaf, spread the gel on the place and tie with cloth |
Stop injury blood |
C |
IAC 56164 |
|
|
Pachira aquatica Aubl. |
Mamorana |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Boiled almonds |
|
S |
INPA 212659 |
|
|
Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench |
Quiabo |
Mf |
Ff, Vg |
Sh |
M: dried fruit tea / F: cooked with other foods |
Postpartum treatment |
C |
EAFM 10867 |
|
|
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. |
Vinagreira |
Mf |
O |
Sh |
M: dried fruit tea / F: cooked with other foods |
Tranquilizer |
S |
INPA 57076 |
|
|
Marantaceae |
Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl |
Ariá |
F |
Ff |
He |
Cooked rhizome |
|
C |
EAFM 5247 |
|
Melastomataceae |
Mouriri grandiflora D.C. |
Camutim |
F |
Fo |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 146192 |
|
Meliaceae |
Carapa guianensis Aubl. |
Andiroba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of oil extracted from the stem with bee honey and leaves of A. oleracea |
Sore throat and flu |
S |
INPA 158520 |
|
Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer |
Jataúba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Cooked root with other foods |
To clean the intestine |
S |
INPA 118374 |
|
|
Menispermaceae |
Abuta grandifolia L. |
Bôta |
M |
Rf |
Cl |
Leaf tea with P. angulata root, Q. amara leaf and L. operculata fruit dried |
Malaria |
S |
INPA 94362 |
|
Monimiaceae |
Siparuna guianensis L. |
Capitiú |
M |
Vg |
He |
Tree bark tea; bath with bark of nazarana tree and C. deodara with C. cujete leaf |
Flu and headache; fever and “evil eye” |
C |
INPA 165827 |
|
Moraceae |
Brosimum potabile Ducke. |
Amapá doce |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
Collect the milk from the tree, beat it to remove the foam and drink it, mashed or with coffee (M/F) |
Gastritis |
S |
INPA 7638 |
|
Ficus insipida Willd. |
Apuí (caxinguba) |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Use milk to clog the area of the strain |
Muscle strain |
S |
INPA 39967 |
|
|
Artocarpus camansi Blanco |
Fruta pão |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: Use milk to clog the area of the strain / F: cooked fruit |
Muscle strain |
S |
INPA 280857 |
|
|
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. |
Jaca |
F |
O |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 192145 |
|
|
Musaceae |
Musa paradisiaca L. |
Banana (bananeira) |
Mf |
O |
Sh |
M: Bath: dry leaves with E. oleracea and C. nucifera, with M. indica peel and C. citratus leaf / F: fresh fruit |
Bathe woman after childbirth |
C |
INPA 199519 |
|
Musa acuminata L. |
Banana roxa |
Mf |
O |
Sh |
M: Bath: dry leaves with E. oleracea and C. nucifera, with M. indica peel and C. citratus leaf; beverage with mangangá and C. spicatus leaves and V. surinamensis bark / F: fresh fruit |
Bathe woman after childbirth; uterus infection |
C |
OUPR 30362 |
|
|
Myristicaceae |
Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. |
Virola, ucuuba, bucuuba |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of the bark tree with C. spicatus leaves and M. acuminata mangangá |
Uterus infection |
S |
INPA 57328 |
|
Myrtaceae |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels |
Ameixa |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: tree bark tea / F: fresh fruit |
Diarrhea |
S |
INPA 268285 |
|
Psidium cattleianum Sabine |
Araçá |
F |
O |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
EAFM 12223 |
|
|
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry |
Cravo arvore |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
Tree bark tea (M/F) |
Stomachache, intestinal constipation |
S |
IAC 5345 |
|
|
Eugenia victoriana Cuatrec. |
Ginja |
F |
Rf |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
HPL 6127 |
|
|
Psidium guajava L. |
Goiaba |
Mf |
O |
Sh |
M: tree bark tea / F: fresh fruit |
Diarrhea |
S |
INPA 237204 |
|
|
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry |
Jambo |
F |
O |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 214039 |
|
|
Olacaceae |
Ptychopetalum uncinatum Anselmino |
Marapuama |
M |
Rf |
Tr |
Mixture of the tree bark with alcohol and massage |
Cramp and rheumatism |
S |
INPA 95874 |
|
Oxalidaceae |
Averrhoa carambola L. |
Carambola |
F |
O |
Sh |
Fresh fruit and juice |
|
S |
INPA 224146 |
|
Averrhoa bilimbi L. |
Limão caiana |
F |
O |
Sh |
Food flavoring |
|
S |
INPA 146883 |
|
|
Passifloraceae |
Passiflora micropetala Mart. ex Mast. |
Maracujá de paca |
F |
O |
Cl |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
EAFM 279 |
|
Passiflora nitida Kunth |
Maracujá do mato (de cheiro) |
F |
Fo |
Cl |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 154814 |
|
|
Passiflora quadrangularis L. |
Maracujá peroba |
F |
Ff |
Cl |
Fresh fruit |
|
C |
INPA 69856 |
|
|
Pedaliaceae |
Sesamum orientale L. |
Gergelim branco |
Mf |
Ff |
He |
M: mixture with seeds, alcohol, leaves from T. vulgare, R. graveolens and R. officinalis / F: make paçoca from the seeds |
Diarrhea; stroke |
C |
EAFM 4722 |
|
Sesamum indicum L. |
Gergelim preto |
Mf |
Ff |
He |
M: mixture with seeds, alcohol, leaves from T. vulgare, R. graveolens and R. officinalis / F: make paçoca from the seeds |
Diarrhea; stroke |
C |
INPA 206973 |
|
|
Phyllanthaceae |
Phyllanthus niruri L. |
Quebra pedra |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea (or G. arborescens leaves), leaves from A. tenella, C. spicatus and A. muricata |
Urinary tract infection, kidney stones |
C |
INPA 193468 |
|
Petiveria alliacea L. |
Mucuracaá |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea with J. gossypiifolia and B. caapi leaves; beverage with leaves |
“evil eye”; gastritis |
C |
INPA 259176 |
|
|
Pinaceae |
Cedrus deodara L. |
Cedro |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Bark tea; bath: tree bark, with nazarana bark, and leaves from S. guianensis and C. cujete |
Tranquilizer and Stomachache; fever and “evil eye” |
S |
ICN 128901 |
|
Piperaceae |
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth |
Comida de jabuti |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: leaf and stem tea / F: sautéed with other foods |
Infection |
S |
INPA 33834 |
|
Piper callosum Ruiz & Pav. |
Óleo elétrico |
M |
O |
He |
Leaf tea |
Migraine and sting of insects |
S |
INPA 243162 |
|
|
Plantaginaceae |
Scoparia dulcis L. |
Vassourinha |
M |
O |
He |
Squeeze the juice from the leaves on the affected area |
Mycosis and skin irritation |
S |
INPA 58086 |
|
Poaceae |
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. |
Bambu |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Leaf tea |
Arterial hypertension |
S |
IAN 197468 |
|
Saccharum spp. L. |
Cana |
Mf |
Ff |
Sh |
Drink the juice from the stem (M/F) |
Malaise and indisposition |
C |
IAN 62600 |
|
|
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf |
Capim marinho (capim santo) |
Mf |
Vg |
He |
M: leaf bath with dry leaves from M. paradisíaca, E. oleracea and C. nucifera, with M. indica peel; leaf tea from C. winterianus with E. oleracea root, and C. nucifera and B. excelsa peel / F: leaf tea |
Bathe woman after childbirth; hepatitis |
C |
INPA 268065 |
|
|
Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor |
Eucalipto |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea with raiz C. citratus and E. oleracea root, and C. nucifera and B. excelsa peel |
Hepatitis |
C |
IAN 194324 |
|
|
Guadua weberbaueri Pilg. |
Tabuqui |
M |
Fo |
Sh |
Chew and swallow the apical bud of the plant |
Sting of insects |
S |
INPA 26135 |
|
|
Portulacaceae |
Portulaca pilosa L. |
Amor crescido |
M |
Vg |
He |
leaf tea with E. plicata leaves |
Diarrhea |
C |
INPA 177381 |
|
Portulaca grandiflora L. |
Onze-horas |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Arterial hypertension |
C |
INPA 56716 |
|
|
Rhamnaceae |
Houvenia dulcis Thunberg. |
Pau doce |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Bark tea |
Headache |
S |
MACK 2691 |
|
Rosaceae |
Licania macrophylla Benth. |
Anauerá |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Put tree bark it in the water until it gets colored and drink it |
Stomachache and amoeba |
S |
IAN 11348 |
|
Rubiaceae |
Genipa americana L. |
Jenipapo |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit and juice (M/F) |
Cholesterol |
S |
INPA 1871 |
|
Morinda citrifolia L. |
Noni |
M |
O |
Sh |
Leaf tea |
Aches over the body |
S |
INPA 237845 |
|
|
Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) K. |
Pau mulato |
M |
O |
Tr |
Bark tea |
Stomachache and amoeba |
S |
INPA 253827 |
|
|
Alibertia sorbilis Ducke |
Puruí |
F |
Rf |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 16548 |
|
|
Cinchona calisaya Weed. |
Quinarana |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Root tea |
Fever |
S |
IAC 6280 |
|
|
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) D. C. |
Unha de gato (jupindá) |
M |
Rf |
Cl |
Beverage of the bark of the vine with bark from espinheira santa, D. subcymosa and S. adstringens |
Gastritis |
S |
INPA 55269 |
|
|
Rutaceae |
Ruta graveolens L. |
Arruda |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaves mixture with alcohol, leaves from T. vulgare and O. campechianum, and Sesamum seeds |
Diarrhea; stroke |
C |
INPA 100963 |
|
Citrus sinensis L. Osb. |
Laranja |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: leaf tea with A. esperanzae / F: fresh fruit and juice |
Gases |
S |
INPA 161639 |
|
|
Citrus aurantium L. |
Laranja da terra |
M |
O |
Tr |
Eat the fresh fruit with bee honey |
Anemia |
S |
INPA 40936 |
|
|
Citrus limettioides Tan |
Lima |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: tree bark tea / F: fresh fruit |
Arterial hypertension |
S |
HPL 7120 |
|
|
Citrus limonum L. |
Limão |
Mf |
O |
Tr |
M: cooked with other foods; bath leaves from O. campechianum and Jatropha, leave in the dew and wash your hair the next day / F: use it in sauces and broths |
Flu and cold |
S |
MAR 3171 |
|
|
Sapindaceae |
Talisia esculenta (A.St.-Hil.) Radlk |
Pitomba |
F |
Fo |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 12607 |
|
Sapotaceae |
Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. |
Abiu |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 10714 |
|
Pouteria pachyphylla Pires |
Abiurana |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 45784 |
|
|
Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma |
Cutite |
F |
Fo |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 130432 |
|
|
Sapotaceae |
Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Stand. |
Maçaranduba |
Mf |
Fo |
Tr |
M: drink the tree milk / F: fresh fruit |
Improves the sight |
S |
INPA 10320 |
|
Simaroubaceae |
Simarouba amara Aubl. |
Jaruba (aruba, marupá) |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Bark tea |
Worm |
S |
INPA 10369 |
|
Simarouba versicolor A. St. -Hil. |
Pau chave |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Put tree bark it in the water, leave in the dew, remove the foam and drink it |
Malaria |
S |
INPA 12499 |
|
|
Quassia amara L. |
Quina |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Leaf and bark tea |
Malaria |
S |
INPA 4159 |
|
|
Solanaceae |
Physalis angulata L. |
Camapu |
Mf |
Ff |
He |
Root tea, leaves from Q. amara and A. grandifolia, and L. operculata fruit dried |
Malaria |
S |
INPA 106301 |
|
Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal |
Cubiu |
F |
Fo |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 20716 |
|
|
Capsicum frutescens L. |
Pimenta malagueta |
Mf |
Vg |
He |
M: grind the leaf with C. cyminum and P. nigrum seeds / F: food flavoring |
Labor pain |
C |
MIRR 5805 |
|
|
Solanum americanum Mill. |
Pretinha |
F |
Rf |
He |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
INPA 109121 |
|
|
Talinaceae |
Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. |
Cariru grande |
F |
Vg, Ff |
He |
Leaf cooked with other foods |
|
C |
INPA 163212 |
|
Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. |
Cariru pequeno |
F |
Vg, Ff |
He |
Leaf cooked with other foods |
|
C |
INPA 259147 |
|
|
Urticaceae |
Cecropia pachystachya Trécul |
Embaúba |
M |
Rf |
Tr |
Grind the leaf, put it in the water and drink it |
Diabetes |
S |
INPA 109923 |
|
Verbenaceae |
Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. |
Carmelitana |
Mf |
Vg |
He |
M: leaf tea / F: leaf cooked with other foods |
Headache |
C |
EAFM 12165 |
|
Vitaceae |
Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E. Jarvis |
Cipó pucá |
M |
Fo |
Cl |
Bark tea |
Stomachache |
S |
INPA 167873 |
|
Cissus sicyoides L. |
Insulina |
M |
Vg |
He |
Leaf tea |
Diabetes |
C |
EAFM 13214 |
|
|
Zingiberaceae |
Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe |
Gengibre grande |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: beverage: H. courbaril leaves, D. odorata and B. orellana seeds, and honey / F: tea from the rhizome |
Flu, cough and pneumonia |
C |
INPA 5706 |
|
Zingiber officinale Roscoe |
Gengibre pequena |
Mf |
Vg, O |
He |
M: beverage: H. courbaril leaves, D. odorata and B. orellana seeds, and honey / F: tea from the rhizome |
Flu, cough and pneumonia |
C |
INPA 186157 |
|
|
Not identified |
Not identified |
Aririmba (ariramba) |
F |
Fo |
Tr |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
-- |
|
Not identified |
Not identified |
Bolota |
F |
Fo |
Sh |
Fresh fruit |
|
S |
-- |
|
Not identified |
Not identified |
Copaíba de planta |
M |
Vg |
He |
Tea and syrup of the leaves |
Headache and cough |
C |
-- |
|
Not identified |
Not identified |
Cumaru de planta |
M |
Vg |
He |
Syrup of the leaves |
Pneumonia |
C |
-- |
|
Not identified |
Not identified |
Espinheira santa |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Beverage of the bark tree with bark of S. adstringens, U. tomentosa and D. subcymosa |
Gastritis |
S |
-- |
|
Not identified |
Not identified |
Japá |
M |
Fo |
Tr |
Drink the tree milk |