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Research note
Uthpala Jayawardena
Open University of Sri Lanka
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-4385
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Objective:
Hardness of water in the form of CaCO3 affect reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. The study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes, Poecilia reticulata (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and Betta splendens (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO3 levels in semi natural aquaria.
Results:
Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant growth of P. reticulata (p = 0.005) at 900 ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of P. reticulata was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.597) at 900 ppm. However, in B. splendens water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by reporting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900 ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control (108.58 ± 16.19 cm2). Thus, study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of P. reticulata while decreasing that of B. splendens. Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improvement significantly in P. reticulata at 900 ppm level. Understanding reproductive dynamics in natural waters are crucial for propagation and conservation perspectives of freshwater fishes.
Keywords
Water hardness, freshwater fish, fecundity, gonadosomatic index, growth performance
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Research Notes.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 08 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 30 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 26 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
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Subject Areas
Marine and Freshwater Biology
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Research Notes.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research note
Uthpala Jayawardena
Open University of Sri Lanka
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-4385
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Research Notes.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 08 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 30 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 26 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Marine and Freshwater Biology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Research Notes.
Objective:
Hardness of water in the form of CaCO3 affect reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. The study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes, Poecilia reticulata (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and Betta splendens (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO3 levels in semi natural aquaria.
Results:
Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant growth of P. reticulata (p = 0.005) at 900 ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of P. reticulata was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.597) at 900 ppm. However, in B. splendens water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by reporting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900 ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control (108.58 ± 16.19 cm2). Thus, study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of P. reticulata while decreasing that of B. splendens. Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improvement significantly in P. reticulata at 900 ppm level. Understanding reproductive dynamics in natural waters are crucial for propagation and conservation perspectives of freshwater fishes.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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