New adsorbent for detoxification of hemicellulose-rich hydrolysate aiming xylitol production

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3585795/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

New adsorbent for detoxification of hemicellulose-rich hydrolysate aiming xylitol production

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3585795/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

The world demand for sustainable bioprocesses is unquestionable as for researches which aims the biotechnological exploitation of lignocellulosic materials, particularly of its hemicellulosic fractions rich in xylose. Different bioproducts can be obtained from those fractions, although, some bottlenecks still exist such as the presence in the hemicellulosic hydrolysates of toxic compounds for microorganisms which requires previous step of detoxification. Hydrotalcite is used as a new detoxifying agent of the hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sugar cane straw to produce xylitol by Candida tropicalis aiming at a greater removal of phenolics and less loss of sugars. Design of experiments was used for factors effects analysis by a simultaneous way; the influences of pH and temperature were evaluated considering the detoxification process in different times for both uncalcinated and calcinated hydrotalcites adsorbents. While for the calcined hydrotalcite, the temperature was the significant factor, and for the non-calcined there was also an influence of the pH. The hydrotalcite reduced the content of phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate with low loss in sugar content and in xylitol production. Those results suggest new investigations for the proposition of this new adsorbent in search for the development of technologies for obtaining bioproducts in a biorefinery context.

detoxification

hydrolysate

hydrotalcite

sugarcane straw

xylitol

Xylitol is a polyol, an artificial sweetener, classified as one of the top 12 high value added chemicals from biomass (Werpy and Petersen, 2004). This polyol has anticariogenic and oral prebiotic properties (Cardoso et al, 2016; Makinen et al, 2011; Soderling, Pienihakkinen, 2020). It have been used for diabetes treatment, preventive against otitis, osteoporosis and respiratory infections (Marom et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2016; Gasmi Benahmed et al, 2020; Rahman et al, 2014).The advantages and benefits of using xylitol as a food additive or ingredient for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries are already known (Park et al, 2016; Grembecka et al, 2015).

Recently, xylitol has been evaluated for use as biomarker for early-stage cancer detection and also for its potential anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory activities (Kriz et al, 2020; Ahuja et al, 2020; Queiroz et al, 2022a). These properties have supported the use of xylitol in the management of severe cases of COVID-19, contributing to reduce the duration of treatment of COVID-19 patients (Cheudjeu, 2020).

Commercial production of xylitol is made by chemical reaction with reduction of xylose from lignocellulosic materials, in high temperature and pressure, making the final product with high cost (Dasgupta et al, 2017). However, there are many studies about biotechnological production of this polyol, employing biological conversion of xylose to xylitol by microorganisms, mainly yeasts (Queiroz et al, 2022a; Ahuja et al, 2020; Mpabanga et al, 2012). Different species from genus Candida are described as xylose-fermenting yeast (Misra et al, 2012; Carneiro et al, 2019) and Candida guilliermondii highlight by its good performance in xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion from lignocellulosic hydrolysates (Hernandez-Perez et al, 2020; López-Linares et al, 2018; Leonel et al, 2020; Dalli et al, 2017; Moraes et al, 2020). This biotechnological route could be considered a sustainable green process and with less costs in relation to the chemical route, especially if associated with biofuel production in biorefineries.

For achievement the xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion three main steps are required as those evaluated in this search: (1) hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (sugarcane straw as raw material and diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysis) to obtain the hemicellulosic hydrolysate rich in xylose; (2) hemicellulosic hydrolysate detoxification, to reduce the concentration of toxic compounds released during acid hydrolysis; (3) fermentation (bioconversion of xylose into xylitol).

During acid hydrolysis, different compounds are released and/or formed, for example are acetic acid resulting of acetyl groups hydrolysis; phenolic compounds formed from partial lignin degradation; furfural and 5-hydroxymethilfurfural formed from pentoses and hexoses degradation, respectively. Such compounds can be inhibitors of microbial metabolism depending on its concentration, resulting in diminish xylitol formation (Kelly et al, 2008; Silva et al, 2004; Palmqvist et al, 2000; Felipe et al, 1995).

The toxicity of acetic acid is associated with its non dissociated form penetration into the cell and with cytoplasm acidification resulting, for example, in protein inactivation and oxidative stress induction (Jönsson et al, 2013). Although, it was observed when this acid was in concentration lower than 3g/L in semi-defined media, the inhibition of xylitol production was not verified (Felipe et al, 1995). In the case of phenolic compounds, the main inhibitor found in hydrolysates (Rao et al 2016) their toxicity is mainly associated with plasma membrane damage, which results in loss of integrity and function as a selective barrier (Gu et al, 2019). While for furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural the toxicity is associated, for examples, with the inhibition of enzymes metabolism, and plasma membrane integrity disturbance (Rao et al, 2016).

Therefore, it is necessary the reduction on the concentration of these toxic compounds in the hydrolysate to non-inhibitory levels, which can be reached in detoxification process. One of the main detoxification strategies used is pH adjustment employing CaO and H₃PO₄ associated with adsorption in activated charcoal, which provides partial removal of toxic compounds or its transformation into inactive compounds (Moraes et al, 2020; Marton et al, 2006; Mushtaq et al, 2019).

Other materials, such as ion exchange resins have also been reported as an efficient strategy could be used to improve the detoxification process (López-Linares et al, 2018; Kumar et al, 2018; Santana et al, 2018). One example of material with good adsorbent properties for this application is the hydrotalcite. Its chemical description is aluminum magnesium hydroxy carbonate. (Candido et al, 2020; Toledo et al, 2013; Forte et al., 2012; Mallakpour et al, 2020).

Hydrotalcite is an important class of layered double hydroxide with ion exchange and adsorption properties Hydrotalcite-like compounds can be structurally described by the stacking of positively charged layers formed by partial substitution of a trivalent metal for a divalent one, and anions and water molecules are contained in the interlayer (Schowe et al, 2015; Kuzawa et al, 2006). Even though hydrotalcites being found as natural minerals, they are relatively simple and cheap to synthesize (Goh et al, 2008). In this sense the use of hydrotalcites as adsorbents rises as a potential opportunity for hemicellulosic hydrolysates detoxification (Travália et al, 2019; Travália et al, 2020).

In this study, the detoxification of sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate was evaluated employing pH adjustment combined with hydrotalcite as adsorbent agents aiming to improve xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037.

2.1 Preparation of sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate (SSHH)

Usina Pederneiras, Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil provided the sugarcane straw used in this work, which was dried at sunlight to reach around 10% moisture. The pre-treatment (diluted acid hydrolysis) was performed employing 1.0% (w/v) H₂SO₄ at 1:10 solid/liquid ratio in a 40-L steel reactor at 121°C for 20 min (Hernández-Pérez et al, 2016). Hemicellulosic hydrolysate obtained was filtered through filter paper for solid mass separation and it was concentrated under vacuum at 70°C to obtain a four-fold increase especially in xylose content. The SSHH before and after concentration procedure was characterized as for its main components i.e. sugars and inhibitors.

2.2 Detoxification of the sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate

Reducing the concentration of toxic compounds presented in the SSHH, it was evaluated the use of pH adjustment combined with an adsorbent agent. It was employed 2 different hydrotalcites [Mg-Al-CO₃], PURAL®MG 30 (30% MgO, and 70%Al₂O₃), without and with pre-treatment (uncalcined and calcined at 500°C for 3 h) - HT30 and HT30c, respectively.

In all conditions evaluated, the hydrolysate pH was initially adjusted to 7.0 with CaO (commercial grade). Afterwards, the experiments were done according to a 2² central composite design (CCD), as can be seen in Table 2, for each adsorbent agent (HT30 and HT30c). The independent variables (factors) were x₁ (pH) and x₂ (temperature °C) at different residence times (min) aiming the compromise between the responses, it means high phenol removal (%) and low sugars loss (%). The factors were analyzed concerning their effects on the responses; the coded models with the statistically significant terms were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) considering 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) and then the surface responses of the validated models were obtained (Rodrigues and Iemma, 2014). Protimiza Experimental Design online software (https://experimental-design.protimiza.com.br/) was used to statistical tests. In this stage, pH was adjusted with H₃PO₄ and the adsorbent addition (1% w/v) was performed in Erlenmeyer flasks under agitation (100 rpm).

The precipitate formed in each of the treatment steps was removed by vacuum filtration (Whatman nº 1 filter paper) or centrifugation (3000 rpm, 15 min). The detoxified hydrolysate was characterized and autoclaved at 110°C in 0.5 atm.

2.3 Microorganism and inoculum preparation

The experiments were performed with Candida tropicalis, previously called Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 (Lima et al, 2003; Queiroz et al 2022b) maintained on malt-extract agar slants at 4°C. Inoculum was grown in medium containing xylose (30.0 g/L), rice bran extract (20.0 g/L), (NH₄)₂SO₄ (2.0 g/L) and CaCl₂.2H₂O (0.1 g/L) into Erlenmeyer flasks (125 mL), with 50 mL medium each, incubated on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 30°C for 24 h [42]. Cells were recovered by centrifugation (2000 xg; 20 min), washed twice and resuspended in sterile distilled water. The initial cell concentration for all experiments was around 1.0 g/L.

2.4 Medium and fermentation conditions

After selecting the best detoxification conditions for each adsorbent tested (in relation to the removing toxic compounds), it was evaluated the effect of these treatments on xylitol production by C. tropicalis. The hydrolysates were supplemented with (g/L): rice bran extract (20.0 g/L), (NH₄)₂SO₄ (2.0 g/L) and CaCl₂.2H₂O (0.1 g/L), with initial pH adjusted to 5.5. The media (50 mL) were placed in Erlenmeyer flasks (125 mL), incubated at 30°C and 200 rpm for 72h (Silva et al, 2014). The experiments were conducted in duplicate with samples collected at initial and final times.

2.5 Analytical methods

The concentrations of sugars (xylose, glucose, arabinose), xylitol, acetic acid, ethanol, 5-hydroxymethilfurfural (5-HMF) and furfural were determined by HPLC analysis as described by Dussán et al (2016). Total phenolic compounds concentration was estimated by ultraviolet spectroscopy at 280 nm (Gouveia et al, 2009). Cell growth was monitored by measuring absorbance at 600 nm and the cell concentration was calculated based on the relationship between the optical density and cell dry weight through a calibration curve. The color analyses of the hydrolysate samples were carried out initially by the dilution of samples 1:50 with distilled water and the pH was adjusted to 10 with NaOH 6N filtered through a SWENNEX filter and the absorbance measured in spectrophotometer (Beckman Coulter DU 800) at 420 nm. It was also employed the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA) method adjusted for sugarcane biomass hydrolysate (ICUMSA 2011). The pH was adjusted to 5.0 ± 0.2 with NaOH 6N filtered in SWENNEX filter and the absorbance measured in spectrophotometer at 420 nm. Degree Brix (% soluble solids) values of the hydrolysate samples were determined to calculate this parameter.

3.1 Characterization of the sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate

As can be seen at Table 1, the hydrolysis process was suitable for sugars solubilizing present in the hemicellulosic fraction of sugarcane straw. The glucose: xylose ratio (approximately 1: 6) in the original hydrolysate and maintained after the concentration step was quite close to that considered ideal (1: 5) to improve xylitol production by C. tropicalis (Silva et al, 2006).

Table 1

Characteristics of the sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate before and after concentration step.
Characteristics		Sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate
Characteristics		Original	Concentrated 4X
Sugars (g/L)	Glucose	2.47	12.39
	Xylose	15.63	72.65
	Arabinose	2.83	11.99
Toxic Compounds (g/L)	Acetic acid	2.50	2.95
	Furfural	0.147	0.165
	5-HMF	0.302	1.12
	Total phenols	2.61	6.82
Color	Absorbance (420nm)	0.240	0.873
Color	ICUMSA Method	0.099	0.362
°BRIX		4.0	15.6
pH		0.79	0.29

Regarding toxic compounds, it is observed that, with the exception of phenolics, all the others are in levels below the range considered toxic for C. guilliemondii, even after concentration step (Kelly et al, 2008; Silva et al, 2004; Palmqvist et al, 2000). Comparing specifically the values obtained for furfural and 5-HMF in the original hydrolysate to the sugarcane straw hydrolysates obtained by acid hydrolysis reported by Hernández-Pérez et al (2016) and Ingle et al (2020), in this work we obtained values 55–70% and 47–62% lower, respectively.

Despite these good results, it can be seen in Table 2 that after the concentration stage the total phenolics content is above the level considered non-inhibitory for yeasts (Kelly et al, 2008; Villa et al, 1998) which justifies the goal of this work, evaluating hydrotalcites as adsorbent agents in the detoxification process.

3.2 Influence of pH and Temperature at different residence time

The results of sugar loss (%) and phenols removal (%) in detoxification of the sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate using two adsorbents (HT30 and HT30c) can be observed in Table 2 and Figs. 1 and 2. It was noticed that in general the sugar lost (SL) was significantly lower for HT30 adsorbent (6 < SL < 24%) than the HT30c one (14 < SL < 33%) and the phenols removal (PR) was a little lower for HT30 (58 < PR < 70% ) than HT30c (64 < PR < 80% ). In fact the calcination step can expand the porous structures of hydrotalcites given the increase in their surface areas and pore volumes (Forte et al.=, 2012; Yang et al, 2005). The gain in the phenol removal do not compensate the sugar loss. There were no significant differences among the results for the different times which evidences that the equilibrium time of the adsorption process is lower than 15 min. Regarding the HT30 adsorbent, the assay 3 (hydrolysate at pH 2.0 and detoxification process at 60°C) obtained small sugar loss (about 7% average) and a good phenol removal (about 65% average).

Table 2

Matrix of the 2² central composite design (CCD) for detoxification of hemicellulosic hydrolysate using hydrotalcites (HT30 and HT30c). In the parentheses the code values.
HT30			15 min		30 min		45 min
Assay	pH (x1)	T (ºC) (x2)	SL (%)	PR (%)	SL (%)	PR (%)	SL (%)	PR (%)
1	2 (-1)	30 (-1)	9.80	65.27	11.11	66.01	9.98	68.43
2	5 (+ 1)	30 (-1)	15.37	63.68	16.10	67.75	23.78	67.43
3	2 (-1)	60 (+ 1)	6.60	63.69	6.32	67.27	7.56	64.94
4	5 (+ 1)	60 (+ 1)	11.20	69.75	12.35	66.93	17.46	69.73
*5	3.5 (0)	45 (0)	9.72	57.77	10.07	62.61	14.29	63.21
*6	3.5 (0)	45 (0)	16.66	63.65	10.76	64.14	16.45	64.52
*7	3.5 (0)	45 (0)	16.60	68.64	10.52	67.30	26.49	58.82
HT30c			15 min		30 min		45 min
Assay	pH (x1)	T (ºC) (x2)	SL (%)	PR (%)	SL (%)	PR (%)	SL (%)	PR (%)
1	2 (-1)	30 (-1)	20.74	65.83	19.90	75.69	20.59	66.39
2	5 (+ 1)	30 (-1)	20.47	72.09	22.42	79.10	19.03	77.96
3	2 (-1)	60 (+ 1)	15.53	68.66	15.06	65.36	14.80	67.10
4	5 (+ 1)	60 (+ 1)	19.29	79.98	14.20	73.45	17.53	74.73
*5	3.5 (0)	45 (0)	15.82	64.45	15.87	65.41	16.65	72.19
*6	3.5 (0)	45 (0)	32.61	72.37	17.50	75.12	30.05	80.08
*7	3.5 (0)	45 (0)	16.71	66.31	17.00	66.67	16.15	65.77

*Central points; SL: sugar loss; PR: phenols removal.

All experiments were analyzed using experimental design. For this stage was chosen, for both materials, the detoxification time 30 min because was the condition that presented better relationship between smaller sugar loss and higher phenols removal. In the Fig. 3 can be observed the Pareto Charts for detoxification process using HT30 and HT30c. When the HT30 was used, the variables pH and Temperature were the most significant, and for HT30c only variable Temperature was significant.

The one-way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for both materials HT30 and HT30c (Table 3), showed that the regression are significant, and the model represent 96.0% and 88.6%, respectively, of all experiment conditions. Furthermore, the Fisher’s F-test also validate both coded models once the calculated F (F_calc) are higher that the listed ones (F_list)(Rodrigues et al, 2014). For the material HT30 e HT30c, the models for the response Sugar Loss (SL, %) were:

Y (SL%, 30 min) = 11.03 + 2.76 x₁ − 2.14 x₂ (1)

Y (SL%, 30 min) = 17.42–3.26 x₂ (2)

Where, x₁ is the pH and x₂ is Temperature (°C)

Table 3

One-way of analysis of variance for the central composite design of the detoxification process of hemicellulosic hydrolysate using the adsorbents HT30 and HT30c for 30 min.
HT30
Variation source	Sum of squares	Degrees of freedom	Mean square	F_calc \| F_list	R² (%)
Regression	48.86	3	16.29	24.08 \| 9.28	95.5
Residues	2.03	3	0.68
Total	50.89	6
HT30c
Regression	42.64	1	42.64	30.32 \| 6.61	85.8
Residues	7.03	5	1.41
Total	49.67	6

In the Fig. 4 are presented the Fitted Surface for the response sugar loss (%) for HT30 and HT30c adsorbents. The main was optimized this response obtaining minimum sugar loss. For the HT30, the smaller sugar loss can be reached when the temperature is in the maximum level (60°C) and the pH in minimum level (2.0). When the detoxification process used the HT30c, the smaller sugar loss is obtained when the temperature is in the maximum level (60°C) at any pH value.

The better condition of temperature and pH using 30 min of incubation, for HT30 and HT30c, used in the detoxification process were, for HT30, 60°C and pH = 2.0 and can be obtained sugar loss of 6.32% and 67.27% of phenol removal (xylose 68.60 g/L; glucose 10.86 g/L; arabinose 11.44g/L; acetic acid 3.4 g/L; phenols 2.232 g/L). For the HT30c, 60°C and pH = 5.0, was obtained 14.2% of sugar loss and 73.45% of phenol removal (xylose 62.71 g/L; glucose 10.38 g/L; arabinose 10.16 g/L; acetic acid 2.82 g/L; phenols 1.810 g/L).

3.3 Fermentation of detoxified hydrolysed

The hydrolysates detoxified by two adsorbents (HT30 and HT30c) in the better operational conditions, were employed as fermentation medium by C. tropicalis aiming xylitol production (Fig. 5).

Observing Fig. 5, it is possible verify that the hydrolysate detoxified using hydrotalcite HT30c (calcined) provided the highest sugar consumption (around 6% higher in relation to HT30) although xylitol production had been 8.7% lower than using hydrolysate detoxified with hydrotalcite HT30, resulting in low values of fermentative parameters, with efficiency of xylose conversion to xylitol 15.4% lower. These data also evidence that sugars were directed for cell growth (Fig. 5C), since cell biomass was 9% higher using HT30c hydrolysate comparing to HT30 hydrolysate, indicating a preference of cells for using sugars for growth over the xylitol production. This behavior could be associated to the phenolic compounds content in hydrolysates (2.23 g/L HT30 and 1.8 g/L HT30c). Although it is common works reporting that phenolics reduce cell growth (Kelly et al, 2008; Palmqvist et al, 2000; Silva et al, 2014; Magalhães et al, 2018), depending on its concentration, it is possible that compounds called fermentation inhibitors could stimulate fermentative process. Similar behavior was observed by Suko and Bura (2016), and the authors used the term fermentation enhancers referring to those toxic compounds that enhanced xylitol production by C. guilliermondii in hybrid poplar hydrolysates, specifically phenolics (concentration lower than 3 g/L).

For both conditions evaluated, ethanol was produced as by-product with similar concentrations, as can be seen in Fig. 5C, Ethanol as by-product of xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion has been reported for C. guilliermondii grown in lignocellulosic hydrolysates (Silva et al, 2014; Arruda et al, 2017; Arruda et al, 2011).

Hydrotalcite is a new potential adsorbent material to enable the use of hemicellulosic hydrolysates in bioprocesses such as in the present investigation of the bioconversion of xylose into xylitol by Candida tropicalis during fermentation of hemicellulose hydrolysate from sugarcane straw. Maximizing the reduction of phenolic content and minimize the loss of sugars from the hydrolysate, the residence time is a factor to be considered, while the temperature and pH factors influence the effectiveness of the adsorbent as a function of its calcination. Both hydrotalcites, HT30 and HT30c, proved to be potential as adsorbents for toxic compounds, particularly phenolics, which justifies the intensification of investigations for their better applicability in bioprocesses that use agro-industrial residues and or byproducts as raw materials for a diversity of bioproducts in a circular bioeconomy context.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to FAPESP, CAPES and CNPq for financially supporting the current study.

Data availability

The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Ahuja V, Macho M, Ewe D, Singh M, Saha S, Saurav K. (2020) Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism. Foods. Nov 2;9(11):1592. doi: 10.3390/foods9111592
Arruda PV, Santos JC, Rodrigues, RCLB, Silva DDV, Yamakawa CK, Rocha GJM, Nolasco Junior, J., Pradella, J.G.C., Rossell, C.E.V., Felipe, M.G.A. (2017). Scale up of xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 47, 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.046
Arruda PV, Rodrigues RCLB, Silva DDV, Felipe MGA (2011) Evaluation of hexose and pentose in pre-cultivation of Candida guilliermondii on the key enzymes for xylitol production in sugarcane hemicellulosic hydrolyzate. Biodegradation (2011) Biodegradation, 22:815–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9397-1
Bianchini IA, Sene L, Cunha MAA, Felipe MGA (2022). Short‑term Adaptation Strategy Improved Xylitol Production by Candida guilliermondii on Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate. BioEnergy Research, 15:1182–1194.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10324-x
Candido JP, Claro EMT, de Paula CBC, Shimizu FL, de Oliveria Leite DAN, Brienzo M, de Angelis DF (2020) Detoxification of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate with different adsorbents to improve the fermentative process, World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 36:43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02820-7
Cardoso, C.A.B., Cassiano, L.P.S., Costa, E.N., Souza-e-Silva, C.M., Magalhães, A.C., Grizzo, L.T., Caldana, M.L., Bastos, J.R.M. Buzalaf, M.A.R., 2016. Effect of xylitol varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ. Journal of Dentistry 50, p.74-78. https://doir.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.03.011
Carneiro, CVGC, de Paula E Silva FC, Almeida JRM. 2019. Xylitol Production: Identification and Comparison of New Producing Yeasts. Microorganisms. 27(11), 484. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7110484
Cheudjeu, A. 2020. Correlation of D-xylose with severity and morbidity-related factors of COVID-19 and possible therapeutic use of D-xylose and antibiotics for COVID-19. Life Sciences, 260, 118335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118335
Dalli, S.S., Patel, M., Rakshit, S.K. 2017. Development and evaluation of poplar hemicelulose prehydrolysate upstream processes for the Enhanced fermentative production of xylitol. Biomass and Bioenergy, 105:402-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.08.001
Dasgupta, D., Bandhu, S., Adhikari, D.K., Ghosh, D. 2017. Challenges and prospects of xylitol production with whole cell bio-catalysis: A review. Microbiological Research, 197, 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2016.12.012
Dussán KJ, Silva DDV, Perez VH, da Silva SS (2016) Evaluation of oxygen availability on ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate in a batch bioreactor using two strains of xylose-fermenting yeast, Renewable Energy 87:703-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.10.065
Felipe, M. G., Vieira, D. C., Vitolo, M., Silva, S. S., Roberto, I. C., & Manchilha, I. M. (1995). Effect of acetic acid on xylose fermentation to xylitol by Candida guilliermondii. Journal of basic microbiology, 35(3), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3620350309
Forte M, Cristina Luna Elias É, Pastore H, Maugeri Filho F, Rodrigues M (2012) Evaluation of Clavulanic Acid Adsorption in MgAl-layered Double Hydroxides: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1260/0263-6174.30.1.65
Gasmi Benahmed A., Gasmi, A., Arshad, M., Shanaida, M., Lysiuk, R., Peana, M., Pshyk-Titko, I., Adamiv. S., Shanaida, Y., Bjørklund, G. 2020. Health benefits of xylitol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 104(17), 7225-7237. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10708-7
Goh K-H, Lim T-T, Dong Z (2008). Application of layered double hydroxides for removal of oxyanions: A review, Water Research 42:1343-1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.04
Gouveia ER, Nascimento RTd, Souto-Maior AM, Rocha GJM (2009) Validação de metodologia para a caracterização química de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar Química Nova 32 (2009) 1500-1503. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000600026
Grembecka, M. 2015. Sugar alcohols-their role in the modern world of sweeteners: a review. European Food Research and Technology 241, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-015-2437-7
Gu, H., Zhu, Y., Peng, Y. et al. Physiological mechanism of improved tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to lignin-derived phenolic acids in lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation by short-term adaptation. Biotechnol Biofuels 12, 268 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1610-9
Hernández-Pérez, A.F., Chaves-Villamil, A.C., de Arruda, P.V. et al. 2020. Sugarcane Syrup Improves Xylitol Bioproduction from Sugarcane Bagasse and Straw Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 4215–4224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00742-6
Hernández-Pérez AF, Costa IAL, Silva DDV, Dussán KJ, Villela TR, Canettieri EV, Carvalho JA, Soares Neto TG, Felipe MGA (2016) Biochemical conversion of sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolyzate supplemented with co-substrates for xylitol production, Bioresource Technology 200, 1085-1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.036
I.C.f.U.M.o.S.A. ICUMSA, ICUMSA Method GS 1/3-7 (2011) Determination of the Solution Colour of Raw Sugars, Brown Sugars and Coloured Syrups at pH 7.0 Single Method, Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG, Berlin, Germany. ICUMSA: https://www.icumsa.org/methods/icumsa-method-gs1-3-7-2011/
Ingle AP, Philippini RR, de Souza Melo YC, da Silva SS (2020) Acid-functionalized magnetic nanocatalysts mediated pretreatment of sugarcane straw: an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach, Cellulose 27:7067-7078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03262-y
Jönsson LJ, Alrikson B, Nilvebrant NO (2013) Bioconversion of lignocellulosic: inhibitors and detoxification. Biotechnol Biofuels 6:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-16
Kelly C, Jones O, Barnhart C, Lajoie C (2008). Effect of Furfural, Vanillin and Syringaldehyde on Candida guilliermondii Growth and Xylitol Biosynthesis. In: Adney, W.S., McMillan, J.D., Mielenz, J., Klasson, K.T. (eds) Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. ABAB Symposium. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-526-2_57
Kriz D, Ansari D, Andersson R. Potential biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol. 2020 Dec;22(12):2170-2174. doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02372-0
Kumar, V., Krishania, M., Sandhu, P.P., Ahluwalia, V., Gnansounou, E., Sangwan, R.S.J.B.t. 2018. Efficient detoxification of corn cob hydrolysate with ion-exchange resins for enhanced xylitol production by Candida tropicalis MTCC 6192, 251, 416-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.039
Kuzawa K, Jung Y-J, Kiso Y, Yamada T, Nagai M, Lee T-G (2006). Phosphate removal and recovery with a synthetic hydrotalcite as an adsorbent, Chemosphere 62, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.015
Leonel LV, Sene L, da Cunha MAA et al. (2020). Valorization of apple pomace using bio-based technology for the production of xylitol and 2G ethanol. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 43, 2153–2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02401-w
Lima L, Felipe MGA, Torres F (2003) Reclassification of Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 as Candida tropicalis based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 34. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822003000500033
López-Linares JC, Romero I, Cara C, Castro E, Mussatto SI (2018) Xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida guilliermondii from rapeseed straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate. Bioresour Technol. 247:736-743. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.139
Magalhães BL, Grassi MCB, Pereira GA, Brocchi MJB, (2018) Improved n-butanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate by Clostridium strain screening and culture-medium optimization, Bioenergy 108:157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.10.044
Makinen K (2011) Sugar alcohol sweeteners as alternatives to sugar with special consideration. https://doi.org/10.1159/000324534
Mallakpour S, Hatami M, Hussain, CM (2020) Recent innovations in functionalized layered double hydroxides: Fabrication, characterization, and industrial applications, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 283, 102216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102216
Marom T, Marchisio P, Tamir SO, Torretta S, Gavriel H, Esposito S (2016) Complementary and alternative medicine treatment options for otitis media: a systematic review. Medicine 95, e2695. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002695
Marton JM, Felipe MGA, Almeida e Silva JB, Pessoa Junior A (2006) Evaluation of the activated charcoals and adsorption conditions used in the treatment of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate for xylitol production. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 23:9-21. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322006000100002
Misra S, Raghuwanshi S, Gupta P, Dutt K, Saxena RK. (2012). Fermentation behavior of osmophilic yeast Candida tropicalis isolated from the nectar of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers for xylitol production. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.101(2), 393-402. doi: 10.1007/s10482-011-9646-2
Moraes EdC, Silva DDV, Dussán KJ et al. (2020) Xylitol-Sweetener Production from Barley Straw: Optimization of Acid Hydrolysis Condition with the Energy Consumption Simulation. Waste Biomass Valor. 11, 1837–1849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0501-9
Mpabanga TP, Chandel AK, da Silva SS, Singh OV (2012) Detoxification Strategies Applied to Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates for Improved Xylitol Production. In: da Silva, S., Chandel, A. (eds) D-Xylitol. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31887-0_3
Mushtaq Z, Asghar N, Waheed M (2019). Comparative evaluation of detoxification strategies for sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Journal of Animal Plant Sciences, 29:1775-1783
Palmqvist E, Hahn-Hagerdal B (2000) Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. I: inhibition and detoxification. Bioresource Technology, 74(1):17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00160-1
Park Y-C, Oh EJ, Jo J-H, Jin Y-S, Seo J-H (2016) Recent advances in biological production of sugar alcohols. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 37:105-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2015.11.006
Queiroz SS, Jofre FM, Mussatto SI, Felipe MGA (2022a) Scaling up xylitol bioproduction: Challenges to achieve a profitable bioprocess. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154:111789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111789
Queiroz SS, Oliva B, Silva TF, Segato F, Felipe MGA (2022b) Integrated bioinformatics, modelling, and gene expression. Analysis of the putative pentose transporter from Candida tropicalis during xylose fermentation with and without glucose addition. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 106:4587–4606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12005-x
Rahman MA, Islam MS (2014) Xylitol improves pancreatic islets morphology to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats: a dose response study. J Food Sci. Jul;79(7):H1436-42. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12520
Rao, LV, Goli, Gentela J, Koti S (2016) Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to xylitol: An overview. BIoresource Technology, 213:299-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.09
Rodrigues MI, Iemma AF (2014) Experimental design and process optimization, Crc Press. https://www.routledge.com/Experimental-Design-and-Process-Optimization/Rodrigues-Iemma/p/book/9781482299557
Santana NB, Dias JCT, Rezende RP, Franco M, Oliveira LKS, Souza LO (2018) Production of xylitol and bio-detoxification of cocoa pod husk hemicellulose hydrolysate by Candida boidinii XM02G, Plos one 13, e0195206. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195206
Schöwe N, Bretz K, Hennig T, Schlüter S, Deerberg G (2015) Succinic Acid Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Solution Using Hydrotalcite Granules: Experiments and Modeling, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 54:1123-1130. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie504306p
Silva DDV, Candido EJC, Arruda PV, Silva SS, Felipe MGA (2014) New cultive medium for bioconversion of C5 fraction from sugarcane bagasse using rice bran extract, Braz J Microbiol 45:1469-1475. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822014000400043
Silva DDV, Felipe MGA (2006) Effect of glucose:xylose ratio on xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities from Candida guilliermondii in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol 81:1294-1300. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1570
Silva DDV, Felipe MGA, Mancilha IM, Luchese RH, Silva SS (2004). Inhibitory effect of acetic acid on bioconversion of xylose in xylitol by Candida guilliermondii in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 35, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822004000200014
Soderling E, Pienihakkinen K (2020) Effects of xylitol and erithrytol consumption on mutans streptococci and the oral microbiota: a systematic review. Acta Odontogica Scandinavica 78:599-608. https://doi.org/1 0.1080/00016357.2020.1788721
Suko AV, Bura R (2016) Enhanced Xylitol and Ethanol Yields by Fermentation Inhibitors in Steam-Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass. Industrial Biotechnology, 12:3, 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2015.0026
Toledo TV, Bellato CR, Pessoa KD, Fontes MPF (2013) Remoção de cromo (VI) de soluções aquosas utilizando o compósito magnético calcinado hidrotalcita-óxido de ferro: estudo cinético e de equilíbrio termodinâmico, Química Nova 36:419-425. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422013000300012
Travália B, Santos N, Vieira M, Forte M (2019) Adsorption of Fermentation Inhibitors by Layered Double Hydroxides in Synthetic Hemicellulose Hydrolysate: A Batch Multicomponent Analysis, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03184
Travália BM, Soares Forte MB (2020) New Proposal in a Biorefinery Context: Recovery of Acetic and Formic Acids by Adsorption on Hydrotalcites, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 65, 4503-4511. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.0c00340
Villa P, Felipe MGA, Rodrigues RCL, Vitolo M, Reis EL, Silva SS (1998) Influence of phenolic compounds on the bioprocess of xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii, Esbes-2 European Symposium on Biochemical Engineering SciencePorto, Portugal, 1998.
Werpy T, Petersen G (2004) Top Value Added Chemical from Biomass volume I – Results of Screening for Potential Candidades from Sugars and Synthesis Gas. US. Department of Energy – Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35523.pdf Acessed 08 November 2023.
Xu ML, Wi GR, Kim HJ, Kim HJ (2016) Ameliorating Effect of Dietary Xylitol on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) Infection. Biol Pharm Bull. 39(4):540-546. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00773
Yang L, Shahrivari Z, Liu PKT, Sahimi M, Tsotsis TT (2005) Removal of Trace Levels of Arsenic and Selenium from Aqueous Solutions by Calcined and Uncalcined Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH), Industrial & Engineering ChemistryResearch 44:6804-68. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie049060u

No competing interests reported.

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

New adsorbent for detoxification of hemicellulose-rich hydrolysate aiming xylitol production

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

1. Introduction

2. Materials and Methods

2.1 Preparation of sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate (SSHH)

2.2 Detoxification of the sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate

2.3 Microorganism and inoculum preparation

2.4 Medium and fermentation conditions

2.5 Analytical methods

3. Results and Discussion

3.1 Characterization of the sugarcane straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate

3.2 Influence of pH and Temperature at different residence time

3.3 Fermentation of detoxified hydrolysed

4. Conclusions

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

Status:

Version 1