Application of AZ compound as a bio-desalination and a bio-treatment of saline wastewater

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3627243/v1

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Application of AZ compound as a bio-desalination and a bio-treatment of saline wastewater

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3627243/v1

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This study aims to investigate the ability of *AZ-1 compound as a biological compound to treat saline wastewater as a new technique to bio-desalination and bio-treatment of saline wastewater. The bio-treatment experimental work of collected saline wastewater samples showed that, the percentages of removal rate were found to be 81.10% for biological oxygen demand (BOD), 83.22% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 45.71% for ammonia nitrogen and 95.77% for phosphate due to using 1 compound. As a result of using 1 compound high bio-removal of different heavy metals were found to reach 80.7% for Al ion, 70.6% for Fe ion, 64.5% for Mn ion, 61.5% B ion, 80.4% V ion and Zn 58.1% ion was achieved after 24 hrs. Moreover, higher reduction in percentage of total dissolved solids (TDS) up to 45.00% was recorded after 24 hrs. due to application of 1 compound.

* AZ compound is a biological compound, safe for the environment and economical in cost. This compound is now under international registration.

Biological sciences/Ecology

Biological sciences/Microbiology

Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology

Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences

Wastewater are contains a mixture of domestic and industrial wastes. These water is known as a mixture of organic, Inorganic matters, salts, pathogenic or harmful microbes and different heavy metals all that must be removed¹.

The biological treatment of sewage water and bio-sorption of heavy metals by using bacteria and algae were successful after 48 and 96 hrs respectively ^2,3. Bio-sorption of different heavy metal ions by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated depended on initial pH, initial metal ion concentration and temperature and data showed efficiency removal of these ions by yeast ⁴. Halophilic and moderately halophilic microorganisms are different metabolically, grow well in a wide range of different salt concentrations and are adapted to high salinity.

So, these microorganisms can be used as a bio-desalination in environmental depended on the metabolically of these organisms ^{5, 6} .

⁷Reported that can be reduced for TDS from 80000 ppm up to 40000 ppm by using algae in several runs depended on sunlight duration & temperature during experiment.

³Showed that the bio-treatment of sewage water by using bacteria was efficiency removal of organic matter 79.8%, different heavy metal ions 63–84% and reducing the TDS from 21632 ppm up to13248 ppm after 4 days. Also,8reported that the when using the mixture of different free bacteria cells was found to be effective as a bio-removal to organic matter was reached to 76.92% and 80.0–98.0% for bio-sorbent of different heavy metal ions of wastewater and reduced the TDS to 13.86% after 24 hrs.

This study aims to investigate the ability of AZ-1 compound as a biological compound to treated of saline wastewater as a bio-desalination a new technique to provide treated water as a unconventional water resources.

1-Source of Sample

Saline wastewater samples were collected from Ras-sudr research station, Cairo, Egypt after primary treatment. The water samples were taken in sterilized bottles and kept at 4ºC in a refrigerator for further studies. The sewage water samples were transferred to the Central Lab, Desert Research Center for analysis. Characteristics' of the collected sewage water samples are presented below in table (1).

2-Preparation of AZ-1 compound form of bacterial mixture

2-1-Free Cells Mixture of 1 compound

Different species of bacteria and yeast were kindly provided by Department of Microbiology & Virology Lab., Ain Shams University. Each bacterial species and yeast was grown separately on nutrient broth and glucose liquid media and the prepared liquid cultures (108 cfu/ml) were mixed ⁹.

3-Reactor design

Sequencing batch reactor of 30 L vol. capacity was operated in this study. The reactor was supplied by a separix column with a thermostat and an air diffuser. The temperature of the reactor was adjusted at 30 ± 1ᵒC. In each treatment, 20 L. of saline wastewater sample was fed to the reactor.

3-1-Batch reactor cycle

Fixed vol. of 1 compound contains a mixture of different bacterial and yeast cultures was added to the saline wastewater in the reactor. The cycle duration was 96 hrs. Samples were taken after 24, 48 and 96 hrs. up to the end of the cycle. The collected samples were centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 min to remove the bacterial cells and the supernatants were filtration throw filter membrane (45 mµ). The filtrated samples were kept at 4ºC to analysis. Biochemical analysis of the samples was carried out at the Central lab. for wastewater and industrial wastes, water and wastewater company canal provinces.

Table (1): Bio-chemical analysis of saline wastewater sample.

Parameters	Unit (mg/L.) Saline wastewater sample
BOD	156
COD	298
Ammonia Nitrogen	110
Phosphate Turbidity (Ntu) TDS (%) TDS (ppm) TDS (%) pH	88.64 487 93.0 9369.6 93.00 % 7.1
Ca	474.5
Mg	287.3
Na	800
K	160
SO₄	818.24
Cl	2357.98
HCO₃	373.21
Al	34.24
B	0.53
Cd	0.06
Co	0.04
Cr	0.17
Cu	0.06
Fe	105
Mn	3.55
Mo	0.001
Ni	0.10
Pb	0.07
V	0.41
Zn	1.06

Bio-treatment of saline wastewater by 1 compound

High removal of COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and almonium, iron, manganese, boron, Vanadium and zinc in saline wastewater samples was observed during different incubation periods at 32 º C due to application of 1 compound. The removal percent's of COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and almonium, iron, manganese, boron, vanadium and zinc after 24 hrs. are shown in table ( 2) and figure (1 ). The efficiency of 1 compound in treatment of saline wastewater samples was studied after different inoculation times. After 24 hrs. the maximum removal of COD, BOD, Ammonia Nitrogen, Phosphate and different heavy metals was achieved due to application of 1 compound . Percentages of removal were found to be 81.10 % (BOD) , 83.22 % (COD), ammonia nitrogen 45.71 % , phosphate 95.77 % , Al 80.7 % , Fe 70.6 % , Mn 64.5 %, B 61.5 % , V 80.4 % and Zn 58.1% ions. The 1 compound was effective in bio- desalination and reducing of TDS concentration as compared to the control sample. Data presented in table (2) and figure (2) indicated that the highest reduction in TDS and turbidity were found to be 45.00 % and 25.92(Ntu), respectively after 24 hrs. incubation at 32 º C. during the experimental period no changes in pH value of the treated saline wastewater were detected as compared to that of the untreated sample (control) which was pH 7.1.

Table (2): The removal and reduction Percentages of physical and chemical pollutants in saline wastewater after treatment with AZ compound.

Parameters	Reduction percentages (%) by AZ-1 compound and incubation period (hrs.)
Parameters	24 hrs.	48 hrs.	72 hrs.
BOD	81.10 %	70.90 %	42.62 %
COD	83.22 %	77.03 %	50.40 %
Ammonia- nitrogen	45.71 %	35.2 %	27.01 %
Phosphate	95.77 %	61.55 %	47.20 %
Turbidity (Ntu)	25.92 %	21.82 %	20.10 %
Reduction (%) of TDS	45.00 %	48.00 %	62.00 %
Reduction (ppm) of TDS	4550.4	4864.0	6246.4
pH	7.1	7.1	7.1
Al	80.70 %	70.00 %	66.70 %
Fe	70.60 %	58.10 %	53.50 %
Mn	64.50 %	50.40 %	45.30 %
B	61.50 %	28.80 %	25.10 %
V	80.40 %	58.50 %	39.00 %
Zn	58.10 %	53.30 %	48.60 %

The bio- treatment and bio- desalination of saline wastewater have been investigated in this study. The results showed that when 1 compound was used the removal percentages were found to be 81.10% (BOD) ,83.22% (COD), ammonia nitrogen 45.71%, phosphate 95.77%, Al 80.7%, Fe 70.6%, Mn 64.5%, B 61.5%, V 80.4% and Zn 58.1% ions. The pH value was 7.1 during the experiment. These results are in agreement with those found by² who found that the biological treatment of sewage water with bacterial compound after 48 hrs. can be used as an efficient bio-removal of organic matters that reached to 80.49% and as a bio-sorbent of iron ions the removal rate reached to 79%. Moreover, ³found that the biological treatment of saline wastewater with bacterial compound was effective in removal percentages of organic matter which reached to 79.8% and 63.2 to 84.0% for different heavy metal ions after 4 days. Also, ⁸found that the mixture of different free bacterial cells was found to be effective as a bio-removal of organic matter which reached to 76.92% and 80.0–98.0% for bio-sorbent of different heavy metal ions in wastewater.

TDS concentration in control sample was estimated to be 93%. Due to application of 1 compound as a bio-desalination TDS reduced in saline wastewater to 45.0%. These results are in agreement with those of ¹⁰who reported that a new concept for desalination was studied depended on using microbial desalination cells (MDCs) as a way to reduce the salinity by safety method. The reducing rate of salt water with MDCs in one cycle was found to be 43 +/- 6%. ³found that the bio- desalination treatment of saline wastewater by using bacterial compound reduced TDS to 39.0% after 4 days. Also, ⁸found that the biological treatment with different free bacterial cells reduced the TDS to 13.86% after 24 hrs.

On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that application of AZ-1 compound to saline wastewater as bio-desalination and bio-treatment was effective after 24 hrs. The percentages of removal rate were found to be 81.10% for organic matter, 58.1 to 80.7% for different heavy metals and high reduction in salinity of the samples ( from 9369.6 ppm i.e 93% to 4550.4 ppm i.e.45%) was recorded after 24 hrs. Since, AZ-1 compound is safe, it can be used as a bio-desalination, bio-treatment and a bio-sorbent for the removal of different heavy metal ions in saline water and wastewater.

Acknowledgment

Thanks to Prof. Dr. Adel. M. Hammad , Prof of Agricultural viruses, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University for his critical revision of the manuscript.

Author contributions

E.M.M designed, conducted experiment, collected and analyzed data the research. Also, wrote, reviewed and edited the manuscript

Competing interests

The author declare no competing interests.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to [AZ compound is a biological compound is now under international registration, this is the reason. The results will be available after publication or the end of international registration, whichever comes first. This is to preserve ownership] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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No competing interests reported.

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Application of AZ compound as a bio-desalination and a bio-treatment of saline wastewater

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