Assessing physical activity in people with mental illness: 23-country reliability and validity of the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ)

doi:10.21203/rs.2.12937/v1

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Simon Rosenbaum, Rachel Morell, Amal Abdel-Baki, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Thekkethayyil Viswananthan Anilkumar, Lara Baie, Adrian Bauman, Stefan Bender, Justin Boyan Han, Serge Brand, Solfrid Bratland-Sanda, Javier Bueno-Antequera, Andrea Camaz Deslandes, Lara Carneiro, Attilio Carraro, Carmen Paz Castaneda, Fernanda Castro Monteiro, Justin Chapman, Josephine Chau, Li-Jung Chen, Barbara Chvatalova, Lydia Chwastiak, Giogio Corretti, Maurice Dillon, Christie Douglas, Stephan Egger, Fiona Gaughran, Markus Gerber, Erica Gobbi, Kirrily Gould, Martin Hatzinger, Edith Holsboer-Tracksler, Zara Hoodbhoy, Christian Imboden, Pillaveetil Sathyadas Indu, Romaina Iqbal, Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida, Shinsuke Kondo, Po-Wen Ku, Oscar Lederman, Edwin Ho Ming Lee, Berend Malchow, Evan Matthews, Peter Mazur, Anna Meneghelli, Ayesha Mian, Bente Morseth, Diego Munguia-Izquierdo, Lene Nyboe, Brian O'Donoghue, Amy Perram, Justin Richards, Ahmed J Romain, Madeline Romaniuk, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani, Mariella Sarno, Felipe Schuch, Nina Schweinfurth, Brendon Stubbs, Richard Uwakwe, Tine Van Damme, Elisabeth Van Der Stouwe, Davy Vancampfort, Stefan Vetter, Anna Waterreus, Philip B Ward

Simon Rosenbaum

UNSW

Corresponding Author

ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-4941

Rachel Morell

Department of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Amal Abdel-Baki

Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal

Mohammad Ahmadpanah

Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Thekkethayyil Viswananthan Anilkumar

Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India

Lara Baie

Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munster

Adrian Bauman

School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Stefan Bender

LWL-Klinik Marsberg Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Marsberg, Germany

Justin Boyan Han

California State University

Serge Brand

University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland

Solfrid Bratland-Sanda

Department of Sport, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of Southeast Norway

Javier Bueno-Antequera

Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain

Andrea Camaz Deslandes

Psychiatry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Instituto de Psiquiatria

Lara Carneiro

Research Centre in Sports Science, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia

Attilio Carraro

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Carmen Paz Castaneda

Early Intervention Program, J.Horwitz Psychiatric Institute

Fernanda Castro Monteiro

Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Justin Chapman

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

Josephine Chau

Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

Li-Jung Chen

Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan

Barbara Chvatalova

National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany

Lydia Chwastiak

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle

Giogio Corretti

Department of Mental Health, North-West Tuscany, Italy

Maurice Dillon

HSE Louth Meath Mental Health Services, Louth, Ireland

Christie Douglas

South Coast Private Hospital, Wollongong, Australia

Stephan Egger

Center for integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Zurich, Rheinau, Switzerland

Fiona Gaughran

South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Markus Gerber

Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Erica Gobbi

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Kirrily Gould

St John of God Hospital, North Richmond, Australia

Martin Hatzinger

Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland

Edith Holsboer-Tracksler

Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Zara Hoodbhoy

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Christian Imboden

Private Clinic Wyss, Muechenbuchsee, Switzerland

Pillaveetil Sathyadas Indu

Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India

Romaina Iqbal

Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida

Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

Shinsuke Kondo

Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Po-Wen Ku

Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan

Oscar Lederman

The Bondi Centre, South East Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Edwin Ho Ming Lee

Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Berend Malchow

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

Evan Matthews

School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland

Peter Mazur

LWL-Klinik Marsberg, Hospital for Psychiatry, Marsberg, Germany

Anna Meneghelli

Cambriare La Rotta-Onlus, Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda Milano, Milan, Italy

Ayesha Mian

Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Bente Morseth

School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Diego Munguia-Izquierdo

Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville

Lene Nyboe

Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Brian O'Donoghue

Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne

Amy Perram

The Sutherland Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney

Justin Richards

School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney

Ahmed J Romain

Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CRCHUM), Montreal

Madeline Romaniuk

Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane

Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders and Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah

Mariella Sarno

Cambiare La Rotta-Onlus, Ospedale Niguarda Ca Granda Milano, Milan

Felipe Schuch

Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria

Nina Schweinfurth

Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel

Brendon Stubbs

Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London

Richard Uwakwe

Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Tine Van Damme

Department of Rehabilitation Services, KU Leuven, Leuven

Elisabeth Van Der Stouwe

University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen

Davy Vancampfort

Department of Rehabilitation Services, KU Leuven, Leuven

Stefan Vetter

University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich

Anna Waterreus

Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth

Philip B Ward

Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool

DOI:

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Background: Physical inactivity is a key contributor to the global burden of disease and disproportionately impacts the wellbeing of people experiencing mental illness. Increases in physical activity are associated with improvements in symptoms of mental illness and reduction in cardiometabolic risk. Reliable and valid clinical tools that assess physical activity would improve evaluation of intervention studies that aim to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in people living with mental illness. Methods: The five-item Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) was developed by a multidisciplinary, international working group as a clinical tool to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people living with mental illness. Investigators from 43 centres in 23 countries collected reliability and validity data on the SIMPAQ from patients with DSM or ICD mental illness diagnoses. Test-retest repeatability was assessed one-week apart. Results: Criterion SIMPAQ validity was assessed against accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity. Data were obtained from 1,010 participants. The SIMPAQ had good test-retest reliability (Spearman rho approximately 0.70). Criterion validity for moderate-vigorous physical activity was comparable to studies conducted in general population samples. Criterion validity of the sedentary behaviour item was poor. An alternative method to calculate sedentary behaviour had greater criterion validity. This alternative method is recommended for use in future studies employing the SIMPAQ. Conclusions: The SIMPAQ is a brief measure of physical activity and sedentary behaviour that can be reliably and validly administered by health professionals.

Keywords

Physical activity, measurement, mental illness, exercise, assessment, sedentary behaviour

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Research article

Simon Rosenbaum, Rachel Morell, Amal Abdel-Baki, Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Thekkethayyil Viswananthan Anilkumar, Lara Baie, Adrian Bauman, Stefan Bender, Justin Boyan Han, Serge Brand, Solfrid Bratland-Sanda, Javier Bueno-Antequera, Andrea Camaz Deslandes, Lara Carneiro, Attilio Carraro, Carmen Paz Castaneda, Fernanda Castro Monteiro, Justin Chapman, Josephine Chau, Li-Jung Chen, Barbara Chvatalova, Lydia Chwastiak, Giogio Corretti, Maurice Dillon, Christie Douglas, Stephan Egger, Fiona Gaughran, Markus Gerber, Erica Gobbi, Kirrily Gould, Martin Hatzinger, Edith Holsboer-Tracksler, Zara Hoodbhoy, Christian Imboden, Pillaveetil Sathyadas Indu, Romaina Iqbal, Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida, Shinsuke Kondo, Po-Wen Ku, Oscar Lederman, Edwin Ho Ming Lee, Berend Malchow, Evan Matthews, Peter Mazur, Anna Meneghelli, Ayesha Mian, Bente Morseth, Diego Munguia-Izquierdo, Lene Nyboe, Brian O'Donoghue, Amy Perram, Justin Richards, Ahmed J Romain, Madeline Romaniuk, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani, Mariella Sarno, Felipe Schuch, Nina Schweinfurth, Brendon Stubbs, Richard Uwakwe, Tine Van Damme, Elisabeth Van Der Stouwe, Davy Vancampfort, Stefan Vetter, Anna Waterreus, Philip B Ward

Simon Rosenbaum

UNSW

Corresponding Author

ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-4941

Rachel Morell

Department of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Amal Abdel-Baki

Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal

Mohammad Ahmadpanah

Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Thekkethayyil Viswananthan Anilkumar

Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India

Lara Baie

Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munster

Adrian Bauman

School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Stefan Bender

LWL-Klinik Marsberg Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Marsberg, Germany

Justin Boyan Han

California State University

Serge Brand

University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland

Solfrid Bratland-Sanda

Department of Sport, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of Southeast Norway

Javier Bueno-Antequera

Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain

Andrea Camaz Deslandes

Psychiatry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Instituto de Psiquiatria

Lara Carneiro

Research Centre in Sports Science, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia

Attilio Carraro

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Carmen Paz Castaneda

Early Intervention Program, J.Horwitz Psychiatric Institute

Fernanda Castro Monteiro

Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Justin Chapman

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

Josephine Chau

Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

Li-Jung Chen

Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan

Barbara Chvatalova

National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany

Lydia Chwastiak

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle

Giogio Corretti

Department of Mental Health, North-West Tuscany, Italy

Maurice Dillon

HSE Louth Meath Mental Health Services, Louth, Ireland

Christie Douglas

South Coast Private Hospital, Wollongong, Australia

Stephan Egger

Center for integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Zurich, Rheinau, Switzerland

Fiona Gaughran

South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Markus Gerber

Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Erica Gobbi

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Kirrily Gould

St John of God Hospital, North Richmond, Australia

Martin Hatzinger

Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland

Edith Holsboer-Tracksler

Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Zara Hoodbhoy

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Christian Imboden

Private Clinic Wyss, Muechenbuchsee, Switzerland

Pillaveetil Sathyadas Indu

Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India

Romaina Iqbal

Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida

Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

Shinsuke Kondo

Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Po-Wen Ku

Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan

Oscar Lederman

The Bondi Centre, South East Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Edwin Ho Ming Lee

Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Berend Malchow

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

Evan Matthews

School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland

Peter Mazur

LWL-Klinik Marsberg, Hospital for Psychiatry, Marsberg, Germany

Anna Meneghelli

Cambriare La Rotta-Onlus, Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda Milano, Milan, Italy

Ayesha Mian

Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Bente Morseth

School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Diego Munguia-Izquierdo

Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville

Lene Nyboe

Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

Brian O'Donoghue

Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne

Amy Perram

The Sutherland Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney

Justin Richards

School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney

Ahmed J Romain

Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal (CRCHUM), Montreal

Madeline Romaniuk

Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane

Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders and Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah

Mariella Sarno

Cambiare La Rotta-Onlus, Ospedale Niguarda Ca Granda Milano, Milan

Felipe Schuch

Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria

Nina Schweinfurth

Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel

Brendon Stubbs

Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London

Richard Uwakwe

Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Tine Van Damme

Department of Rehabilitation Services, KU Leuven, Leuven

Elisabeth Van Der Stouwe

University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen

Davy Vancampfort

Department of Rehabilitation Services, KU Leuven, Leuven

Stefan Vetter

University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich

Anna Waterreus

Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth

Philip B Ward

Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool

Badges

Prescreen

Peer Review Timeline

CURRENT STATUS: Published

View the published article at BMC Psychiatry.

Version 2

Posted 18 Dec, 2019

View this version

Community comments: 1
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 02 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 02 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 02 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Dec, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 16 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 15 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 15 Dec, 2019

Version 1

Posted 15 Aug, 2019

No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 30 Oct, 2019
Review #3 received
Received 21 Oct, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 17 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 25 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 19 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Sep, 2019
Editor assigned
On 08 Aug, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 07 Aug, 2019
Editor invited
On 07 Aug, 2019
First submitted
On 15 Jul, 2019

MetricsComments: 0PDF Downloads: ...HTML Views: ...

Subject Areas

Psychiatry

DOI:

10.21203/rs.2.12937/v1

Download PDF

The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.

License:

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License

View the published article at BMC Psychiatry.

Figure 1