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Research article
Soltan Khalaila
Soroka Medical Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6156-2192
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Numerous studies have confirmed the association of ambient temperature and air pollution with a higher risk of morbidities, yet few have addressed their effect on the ocular system. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between temperature, air pollution, and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis.
Methods: In this case-crossover study, the records of all emergency room visits to Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed for patients with conjunctivitis. Daily exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter and temperature were determined by a hybrid model involving satellite sensors.
Results: 6001 patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis in the SUMC emergency room. We discovered a positive association between temperature increments and incidence of conjunctivitis. The strongest effect was found during summer and autumn, when the incidence increased 8.1% for each 1oC rise in temperature between 24 and 28oC in the summer and 7.2% for each 1oC rise in temperature between 13 and 23oC in the autumn. There was no statistically significant association between fine and coarse particulate matter and conjunctivitis incidence.
Conclusion: Temperature increases during summer and autumn are significantly associated with an increased risk of conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is not associated with non-anthropogenic air pollution. These findings may help community clinics and hospital emergency rooms better predict conjunctivitis cases and will hopefully lead to improved prevention efforts that will lower the financial burden on both the individual and the public.
Keywords
conjunctivitis, temperature, weather, air pollution, ocular disease
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Ophthalmology.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 13 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 27 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Dec, 2020
Version 3
Posted 10 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 30 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 20 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 19 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 12 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 12 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 10 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 10 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Dec, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 12 Dec, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 29 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Aug, 2019
Editor invited
On 08 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 01 Jul, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Ophthalmology
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Ophthalmology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Soltan Khalaila
Soroka Medical Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6156-2192
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Ophthalmology.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 13 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 27 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Dec, 2020
Version 3
Posted 10 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 30 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 20 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 19 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 12 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 12 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 10 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 10 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Dec, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 12 Dec, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 29 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Nov, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Aug, 2019
Editor invited
On 08 Aug, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 01 Jul, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Ophthalmology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Ophthalmology.
Background: Numerous studies have confirmed the association of ambient temperature and air pollution with a higher risk of morbidities, yet few have addressed their effect on the ocular system. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between temperature, air pollution, and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis.
Methods: In this case-crossover study, the records of all emergency room visits to Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed for patients with conjunctivitis. Daily exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter and temperature were determined by a hybrid model involving satellite sensors.
Results: 6001 patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis in the SUMC emergency room. We discovered a positive association between temperature increments and incidence of conjunctivitis. The strongest effect was found during summer and autumn, when the incidence increased 8.1% for each 1oC rise in temperature between 24 and 28oC in the summer and 7.2% for each 1oC rise in temperature between 13 and 23oC in the autumn. There was no statistically significant association between fine and coarse particulate matter and conjunctivitis incidence.
Conclusion: Temperature increases during summer and autumn are significantly associated with an increased risk of conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is not associated with non-anthropogenic air pollution. These findings may help community clinics and hospital emergency rooms better predict conjunctivitis cases and will hopefully lead to improved prevention efforts that will lower the financial burden on both the individual and the public.
Figure 1
Figure 2
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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