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Research article
Juliet M. Wong
Florida International University College of Arts Sciences and Education
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-3113
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: The red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus is an ecologically important kelp forest herbivore and an economically valuable wild fishery species. To examine of how M. franciscanus responds to its environment on a molecular level, differences in gene expression patterns were observed in embryos raised under combinations of two temperatures (13 °C and 17 °C) and two pCO2 levels (475 matm and 1050 matm). The transcriptomic responses of the embryos were assessed at two developmental stages (gastrula and prism) in light of previously described plasticity in body size and thermotolerance under these temperature and pCO2 treatments.
Results: Although transcriptomic patterns primarily varied by developmental stage, there were pronounced differences in gene expression as a result of the treatment conditions. Temperature and pCO2 treatments led to the differential expression of genes related to the cellular stress response, transmembrane transport, metabolic processes, and the regulation of gene expression. Temperature had a greater influence on gene expression than pCO2, and may have contributed to positive effects of temperature on body size and thermotolerance at the prism stage. On the other hand, a relatively muted transcriptomic response to pCO2 may have permitted the stunting effect of elevated pCO2 on embryo body size.
Conclusions: M. franciscanus exhibited both transcriptomic and phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature and pCO2 stress during early development. As climate change continues, red sea urchins may benefit from moderate ocean warming, whereas they will be negatively affected by ocean acidification. Present-day pCO2 conditions that occur due to coastal upwelling may already be detrimental to populations of M. franciscanus.
Keywords
red sea urchin, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, RNA-seq, transcriptomics, early development, climate change, warming, ocean acidification
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 08 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 08 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 13 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 10 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Oct, 2020
Version 1
Posted 01 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jun, 2020
Metrics
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Subject Areas
Epigenetics & Genomics
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Genomics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Juliet M. Wong
Florida International University College of Arts Sciences and Education
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-3113
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 08 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 08 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 13 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 10 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 10 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Oct, 2020
Version 1
Posted 01 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Epigenetics & Genomics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
Background: The red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus is an ecologically important kelp forest herbivore and an economically valuable wild fishery species. To examine of how M. franciscanus responds to its environment on a molecular level, differences in gene expression patterns were observed in embryos raised under combinations of two temperatures (13 °C and 17 °C) and two pCO2 levels (475 matm and 1050 matm). The transcriptomic responses of the embryos were assessed at two developmental stages (gastrula and prism) in light of previously described plasticity in body size and thermotolerance under these temperature and pCO2 treatments.
Results: Although transcriptomic patterns primarily varied by developmental stage, there were pronounced differences in gene expression as a result of the treatment conditions. Temperature and pCO2 treatments led to the differential expression of genes related to the cellular stress response, transmembrane transport, metabolic processes, and the regulation of gene expression. Temperature had a greater influence on gene expression than pCO2, and may have contributed to positive effects of temperature on body size and thermotolerance at the prism stage. On the other hand, a relatively muted transcriptomic response to pCO2 may have permitted the stunting effect of elevated pCO2 on embryo body size.
Conclusions: M. franciscanus exhibited both transcriptomic and phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature and pCO2 stress during early development. As climate change continues, red sea urchins may benefit from moderate ocean warming, whereas they will be negatively affected by ocean acidification. Present-day pCO2 conditions that occur due to coastal upwelling may already be detrimental to populations of M. franciscanus.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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