Araújo, M. S., P. R. J. Guimaraes, R. Svänback, A. Pinheiro, P. Guimaraes, S. F. Dos Reis, and D. I. Bolnick (2008). Network analysis reveals contrasting effects of intraspecific competition on individual vs population diets. Ecology 89:1981–1993. doi: 10.1890/07-0630.1
Bearhop, S., C. E. Adams, S. Waldron, R. A. Fuller, and H. Macleod (2004). Determining trophic niche width: A novel approach using stable isotope analysis. Journal of Animal Ecology 73:1007–1012. doi: 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00861.x
Bechard, M. J., T. R. Swem, J. Orta, P. F. D. Boesman, E. F. J. Garcia, and J. S. Marks (2020). Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. doi: 10.2173/bow.rolhaw.01
Bison, M., S. Ibanez, C. Redjadj, F. Boyer, E. Coissac, C. Miquel, D. Rioux, S. Said, D. Maillard, P. Taberlet, N. Gilles, and Y. Anne (2015). Upscaling the niche variation hypothesis from the intra‑ to the inter‑ specific level. Oecologia 179:835–842. doi: 10.1007/s00442-015-3390-7
Bolnick, D. I., P. Amarasekare, M. S. Araújo, R. Bürger, J. M. Levine, M. Novak, V. H. W. Rudolf, S. J. Schreiber, M. C. Urban, and D. A. Vasseur (2011). Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26:183–192. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.009
Bolnick, D. I., R. Svanbäck, J. A. Fordyce, L. H. Yang, and J. M. Davis (2003). The ecology of individuals: incidence and implications of individual specialization. The American Naturalist 161:1–28. doi: 10.1086/343878
Bolnick, D. I., L. H. Yang, J. A. Fordyce, J. M. Davis, and R. Svänback (2002). Measuring individual-level resource specialization. Ecology 83:2936–2941. doi: 10.2307/3072028
Bolnick, D. I., R. Svänback, M. S. Araujo, and L. Persson (2007). Comparative support for the niche variation hypothesis that more generalized populations also are more heterogeneous. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:10075–10079. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0703743104
Bond, A., and A. W. Diamond (2011). Recent Bayesian stable-isotope mixing models are highly sensitive to variation in discrimination factors. Ecological Applications 21:1017–1023. doi: 10.1890/09-2409.1
Booms, T. L., T. J. Cade, and N. J. Clum (2020). Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. doi: 10.2173/bow.gyrfal.01
Bååth, R. (2018). bayesboot: An Implementation of Rubin's (1981) Bayesian Bootstrap. R package version 0.2.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bayesboot
Cade, T. J. (1982). Falcons of the world. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press.
Dalerum, F., P. Hellström, M. Miranda, J. Nyström, J. Ekenstedt, and A. Angerbjörn (2016). Network topology of stable isotope interactions in a sub-arctic raptor guild. Oecologia 182:511–518. doi: 10.1007/s00442-016-3658-6
Eisaguirre, J. M., T. L. Booms, P. F. Schempf, and S. B. Lewis (2016). Gyrfalcon home ranges and movements on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Journal of Raptor Research 50:109–114. doi: 10.3356/rapt-50-01-109-114.1
Fufachev, I. A., V. A. Sokolov, D. Ehrich, N. A. Sokolova, and A. A. Sokolov (2019). Flexibility in a changing arctic food web: Can rough‐legged buzzards cope with changing small rodent communities? Global Change Biology 25:3669–3679. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14790
Herrera, G., and M. A. Rodríguez M (2013). Isotopic niche mirrors trophic niche in a vertebrate island invader. Oecologia:537–544. doi: 10.1007/s00442-012-2423-8
Herzog, J.L., J. M. Eisaguirre, B. D. Linkhart, T. L. Booms (2019). Golden Eagle diet in Western Alaska. Journal of Raptor Research 53:393–401. doi: 10.3356/0892-1016-53.4.393
Hutchinson, G.E. (1957). Concluding Remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 22, 415-427. doi: 10.1101/SQB.1957.022.01.039
Ims, R. A., and E. Fuglei (2005). Trophic Interaction Cycles in Tundra Ecosystems and the Impact of Climate Change. BioScience 55:311. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0311:TICITE]2.0.CO;2
Ims, R. A., J. A. Henden, and S. T. Killengreen (2008). Collapsing population cycles. Trends in Ecology & Evolution:79–86. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.010
Jackson, A. L., R. Inger, A. C. Parnell, and S. Bearhop (2011). Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER - Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R. Journal of Animal Ecology 80:595–602. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01806.x
Johnson, D. L., M. T. Henderson, T. L. Booms, C. T. Williams, and D. L. Anderson (2020). Bayesian stable isotope mixing models effectively characterize the diet of an Arctic raptor. Journal of Animal Ecology:1–14. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13361
Katzner, T. E., M. N. Kochert, K. Steenhof, C. L. McIntyre, E. H. Craig, and T. A. Miller (2020). Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), version 2.0. In Birds of the World (P. G. Rodewald and B. K. Keeney, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. doi: 10.2173/bow.goleag.02
Kitowski, I. (2009). Social learning of hunting skills in juvenile marsh harriers Circus aeruginosus. Journal of Ethology, 27(3), 327-332. doi: 10.1007/s10164-008-0123-y
L’Herault, V. L., A. Franke, N. Lecomte, A. Alogut, and J. Bety (2013). Landscape heterogeneity drives intra-population niche variation and reproduction in an arctic top predator. Ecology and Evolution 3:2867–2879. doi: 10.1002/ece3.675
MacArthur, R. H., and E. R. Pianka (1966). On Optimal Use of a Patchy Environment. The American Naturalist 100:603–609.
Maldonado, K., Bozinovic, F., Newsome, S. D., & Sabat, P. (2017). Testing the niche variation hypothesis in a community of passerine birds. Ecology 98:903-908. doi: 10.1002/ecy.1769
Peterson, R.M., and G.O. Batzli (1975). Activity patterns in natural populations of the brown lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus). Journal of Mammalogy. 56, 718–720. doi: 10.2307/1379498
Poole, K. G., and R. G. R. Bromley (1988). Interrelationships within a raptor guild in the central Canadian Arctic. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:1983–1986. doi: 10.1139/z88-338.
Post, E., M. C. Forchhammer, M. S. Bret-Harte, T. V. Callaghan, T. R. Christensen, B. Elberling, A. D. Fox, O. Gilg, D. S. Hik, T. T. Høye, R. A. Ims, et al. (2009). Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent Climate Change. Science 325. doi: 10.1126/science.1173113.
Pyke, G. H., H. R. Pulliam, and E. L. Charnov (1977). Optimal Foraging: a selective review of theory and tests. The Quarterly Review of Biology 52:137–154.
Reierth E., and K.A. Stokkan (1998). Activity rhythm in High Arctic Svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus). Can. J. Zool. 76, 2031–2039. doi: 10.1139/z98-173
Robinson, B. G., A. Franke, and A. E. Derocher (2018). Stable isotope mixing models fail to estimate the diet of an avian predator. The Auk 135:60–70. doi: 10.1642/AUK-17-143.1
Robinson, B.W., and M. Prostor (2017). Guidelines for conducting a camera study of nesting raptors. Pages 283–298 in D.L. Anderson, C.J.W. McClure, and A. Franke, editors. Applied raptor ecology: essentials from Gyrfalcon research. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA. doi: 10.4080/are.2017/app2
Robinson, B. W., T. L. Booms, M. J. Bechard, and D. L. Anderson (2019). Dietary Plasticity in a Specialist Predator, the Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus): New Insights into Diet During Brood Rearing. Journal of Raptor Research 53:115–126. doi: 10.3356/JRR-15-58
Roughgarden, J. (1972). Evolution of Niche Width. The American Naturalist 106:683–718. doi: 10.1086/282807
Schoener, T. W. (1982). The Controversy over Interspecific Competition. American Scientist 70:586–595.
Springer, A. M. (1975). Observations on the summer diet of Rough-legged Hawks from Alaska. The Condor 77:338–339. doi: 10.2307/1366233
Steenhof, K., and M. N. Kochert (1988). Dietary responses of three raptor species to changing prey densities in a natural environment. Journal of Animal Ecology 57:37–48. doi: 10.2307/4761
Stock, B. C., and B. X. Semmens (2016). Unifying error structures in commonly used biotracer mixing models. Ecology 97:2562–2569. doi: 10.1002/ecy.1517
Svanbäck, R., and D. I. Bolnick (2007). Intraspecific competition drives increased resource use diversity within a natural population. 839–844. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0198
Svanbäck, R., and D. I. Bolnick (2005). Intraspecific competition affects the strength of individual specialization : an optimal diet theory method. 993–1012.
Swan, G. J. F., C. E. D. Goodwin, S. Bearhop, S. M. Redpath, R. A. Mcdonald, M. J. Silk, and R. Inger (2020). Evaluating Bayesian stable isotope mixing models of wild animal diet and the effects of trophic discrimination factors and informative priors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2020:139–149. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.13311
Therrien, J., G. Gauthier, E. Korpimaki, and J. Bety (2014). Predation pressure by avian predators suggests summer limitation of small-mammal populations in the Canadian Arctic. Ecology 95:56–67. doi: 10.1890/13-0458.1
Toscano, B. J., N. J. Gownaris, and S. M. Heerhartz (2016). Personality, foraging behavior and specialization: integrating behavioral and food web ecology at the individual level. Oecologia 182:55–69. doi: 10.1007/s00442-016-3648-8
Van Valen, L. (1965). Morphological Variation and Width of Ecological Niche. The American Naturalist 99:377–390. doi: 10.1086/282379
Viereck, L. A., Dyrness, C. T., Batten, A. R., & Wenzlick, K. J. (1992). The Alaska vegetation classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-286. Portland, OR: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 278 p, 286.
Williams C. T., Barnes B .M., Yan L., and Buck C. L. (2017). Entraining to the polar day: circadian rhythms in arctic ground squirrels. Journal of Experimental Biology. 220, 3095–3102. doi: 10.1242/jeb.159889
Zaccarelli, N., D. I. Bolnick, and G. Mancinelli (2013). RInSp: an R package for the analysis of individual specialization in resource use. 1018–1023. doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12079