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Research article
David Giles
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-9122
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: The utilization of exogenous fatty acids by Gram-negative bacteria has been linked to many cellular processes, including fatty acid oxidation for metabolic gain, assimilation into membrane phospholipids, and control of phenotypes associated with virulence. The expanded fatty acid handling capabilities have been demonstrated in several bacteria of medical importance; however, a survey of the polyunsaturated fatty acid responses in the model organism Escherichia coli has not been performed. The current study examined the impacts of exogenous fatty acids on E. coli.
Results: All PUFAs elicited higher overall growth, with several fatty acids supporting growth as sole carbon sources. Most PUFAs were incorporated into membrane phospholipids as determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas membrane permeability was variably affected as measured by two separate dye uptake assays. Biofilm formation, swimming motility and antimicrobial peptide resistance were altered in the presence of PUFAs, with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids eliciting strong alteration to these phenotypes.
Conclusions: The findings herein add E. coli to the growing list of Gram-negative bacteria with broader capabilities for utilizing and responding to exogenous fatty acids. Understanding bacterial responses to PUFAs may lead to microbial behavioral control regimens for disease prevention.
Keywords
Escherichia coli, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), phospholipids, antimicrobial peptides, biofilm, motility
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 28 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
Version 2
Posted 21 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 19 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 21 Jul, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 21 Jul, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 27 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 26 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 17 Jun, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Microbiology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
David Giles
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-9122
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 28 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
Version 2
Posted 21 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 18 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 19 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 21 Jul, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 21 Jul, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 27 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 26 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 17 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
Background: The utilization of exogenous fatty acids by Gram-negative bacteria has been linked to many cellular processes, including fatty acid oxidation for metabolic gain, assimilation into membrane phospholipids, and control of phenotypes associated with virulence. The expanded fatty acid handling capabilities have been demonstrated in several bacteria of medical importance; however, a survey of the polyunsaturated fatty acid responses in the model organism Escherichia coli has not been performed. The current study examined the impacts of exogenous fatty acids on E. coli.
Results: All PUFAs elicited higher overall growth, with several fatty acids supporting growth as sole carbon sources. Most PUFAs were incorporated into membrane phospholipids as determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas membrane permeability was variably affected as measured by two separate dye uptake assays. Biofilm formation, swimming motility and antimicrobial peptide resistance were altered in the presence of PUFAs, with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids eliciting strong alteration to these phenotypes.
Conclusions: The findings herein add E. coli to the growing list of Gram-negative bacteria with broader capabilities for utilizing and responding to exogenous fatty acids. Understanding bacterial responses to PUFAs may lead to microbial behavioral control regimens for disease prevention.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
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