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Research article
Li Zhuang
Shihezi University
Corresponding Author
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Background The dried roots and rhizomes of medicinal licorices are widely used worldwide as a traditional medicinal herb, which are mainly attributed to a variety of bioactive compounds that can be extracted from licorice root. Endophytes and plants form a symbiotic relationship, which is an important source of host secondary metabolites.
Results In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology and high-performance liquid chromatography to explore the composition and structure of the endophytic bacterial community and the content of bioactive compounds (glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin and total flavonoids) in different species of medicinal licorices (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Glycyrrhiza inflata) and in different planting years (1–3 years). Our results showed that the contents of the bioactive compounds in the roots of medicinal licorices were not affected by the species, but were significantly affected by the main effect growing year (1–3) (P < 0.05), and with a trend of stable increase in the contents observed with each growing year. In 27 samples, a total of 1,979,531 effective sequences were obtained after quality control, and 2,432 effective operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at 97% identity. The phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the genera unified-Rhizobiaceae, Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium, and Pantoea were significantly dominant in the 27 samples. Distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that the content of total flavonoids explained the differences in composition and distribution of endophytic bacterial communities in roots of cultivated medicinal liquorices to the greatest extent. Total soil salt was the most important factor that significantly affected the endophytic bacterial community in soil factors, followed by ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Among the leaf nutrition factors, leaf water content had the most significant effect on the endophytic bacterial community, followed by total phosphorus and total potassium.
Conclusions This study not only provides information on the composition and distribution of endophytic bacteria in the roots of medicinal licorices, but also reveals the influence of abiotic factors on the community of endophytic bacteria and bioactive compounds, which provides a reference for improving the quality of licorice.
Keywords
Endophytic bacteria, Growing year, High-throughput sequencing, Liquorice species, Plant secondary metabolites, Soil physicochemical
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
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Posted 28 Aug, 2020
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Aug, 2020
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On 24 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 08 Aug, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 06 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 15 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Jun, 2020
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Subject Areas
General Microbiology
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Microbiology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Li Zhuang
Shihezi University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
Version 2
Posted 28 Aug, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 10 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Aug, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 08 Aug, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 06 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 15 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 23 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
General Microbiology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Microbiology.
Background The dried roots and rhizomes of medicinal licorices are widely used worldwide as a traditional medicinal herb, which are mainly attributed to a variety of bioactive compounds that can be extracted from licorice root. Endophytes and plants form a symbiotic relationship, which is an important source of host secondary metabolites.
Results In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology and high-performance liquid chromatography to explore the composition and structure of the endophytic bacterial community and the content of bioactive compounds (glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin and total flavonoids) in different species of medicinal licorices (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Glycyrrhiza inflata) and in different planting years (1–3 years). Our results showed that the contents of the bioactive compounds in the roots of medicinal licorices were not affected by the species, but were significantly affected by the main effect growing year (1–3) (P < 0.05), and with a trend of stable increase in the contents observed with each growing year. In 27 samples, a total of 1,979,531 effective sequences were obtained after quality control, and 2,432 effective operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at 97% identity. The phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the genera unified-Rhizobiaceae, Pseudomonas, Novosphingobium, and Pantoea were significantly dominant in the 27 samples. Distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that the content of total flavonoids explained the differences in composition and distribution of endophytic bacterial communities in roots of cultivated medicinal liquorices to the greatest extent. Total soil salt was the most important factor that significantly affected the endophytic bacterial community in soil factors, followed by ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Among the leaf nutrition factors, leaf water content had the most significant effect on the endophytic bacterial community, followed by total phosphorus and total potassium.
Conclusions This study not only provides information on the composition and distribution of endophytic bacteria in the roots of medicinal licorices, but also reveals the influence of abiotic factors on the community of endophytic bacteria and bioactive compounds, which provides a reference for improving the quality of licorice.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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