In this study, we use quaternion algebra, quaternion discrete fractional Charlier transform(QDFCTs), Fibonacci matrix and fractional 7D hyperchaotic Lorenz-Like system to encryptioncolor images. Also, we present a new color image encryption and decryption scheme based anew algorithm consisting of two basic steps: first step, the 7D hyperchaotic Lorenz-like systemwith fractional order generates random numbers that we use to change pixel positions. In thesecond step, we split the permitted image into blocks of dimensions 8 x 8, then we diffusedeach of them a first time with the Fibonacci matrix and to increase the effectiveness of thismethod we enhance it by using the fractional discrete Charlier transform (FrDCTs). Theefficiency of our proposed algorithm is evaluated using obfuscation and data segmentationattacks, correlation coefficient and graphing, differential attacks, keyspace, entropy and highsensitivity. The obtained results show a high level of security performance and excellent colorimage encryption efficiency.