Country and year
|
Gender and age
|
Chief complaints
|
Risk factors
|
Comorbid diseases
|
Upper GI Endoscopy
|
EUS
|
Other diagnostic modalities (1)
|
Other diagnostic modalities (2)
|
Pathology
|
Location
|
Treatment
|
Japan, 1984 (8)
|
Male/ 75
|
Stenotic sensation in the pharyngeal region
|
Heavy smoking
|
|
An elevated erosive lesion in the posterior wall of the esophagus
|
|
Barium esophagogram: a tumorous
shadow,5cm, middle thoracic esophagus
|
|
Leiomyoma with overlying SCC
|
Middle third of the esophagus
|
Surgery: blunt dissection of
the esophagus without thoracotomy, esophagogastroanastomosis
|
Japan, 1995 (9)
|
Male/45
|
Dysphagia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leiomyoma with overlying SCC
|
Middle third of the esophagus
|
Esophageal resection and reconstruction
|
Japan, 1995 (9)
|
Male/71
|
Not mentioned, referred for treatment of
an esophageal tumor
|
|
|
A mucosal irregularity on the surface of the submucosal tumor
|
|
|
|
Leiomyoma with overlying SCC
|
Middle third of esophagus
|
Esophageal resection and
reconstruction
|
Japan, 1995 (10)
|
Male/52
|
Asymptomatic
|
Heavy smoking
|
Negative
|
Sessile polypoid lesion at abdominal esophagus
|
A 9mm submucosal tumor with smooth contour, leiomyoma
|
Barium swallow: as health checkup
|
Double contrast barium esophagogram: semispherical tumor, 1.5 cm
|
Leiomyoma with overlying poorly
differentiated SCC
|
Distal third of the esophagus
|
Surgical Resection
|
Japan, 1997 (11)
|
Male/61
|
|
|
|
Sessile polypoid lesion with a smooth surface at the esophagus
|
A hypoechoic tumor just below the epithelial layer
|
|
|
Moderately differentiated SCC on leiomyoma originating from muscularis mucosa
|
Proximal third of the esophagus
|
Endoscopic resection by aspiration lumpectomy
|
Japan, 2002 (12)
|
Male/62
|
Not mentioned, referred for treatment of
an esophageal tumor
|
|
|
A protruding lesion, resembling a submucosal tumor, in the proximal third of the esophagus
|
A hypoechoic tumor confined to the submucosa with a well demarcated, smooth outline
|
Chromoendoscopy: non-staining
|
|
Moderately differentiated SCC overlying the leiomyoma
|
Proximal third of the esophagus
|
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
|
Japan, 2004 (13)
|
Male/65
|
|
|
|
A sessile polypoid lesion with a smooth surface in the proximal third of the esophagus
|
A hypoechoic tumor, 13 mm in diameter,
located in the submucosa, with clear margins and a smooth
contour, with the muscularis propria layer intact
|
Chromoendoscopy: non-staining
|
|
Leiomyoma with overlying poorly differentiated SCC
|
Proximal third of the esophagus
|
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
|
Japan, 2006 (2)
|
Male/71
|
|
|
malignant lymphoma of the thyroid
|
A superficial ulcerative tumor (24 mm in diameter) in the
lower third of the esophagus, overlying the smaller leiomyoma
|
Cancer overlaid the smaller
leiomyoma and invaded the
submucosal layer
|
Barium swallow
Esophagogram: two smoothly rounded defects
|
Chromoendoscopy: non-staining
|
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ overlying a leiomyoma, separated multiple leiomyomas
|
Distal third of the
esophagus
|
Surgery: esophagectomy, gastric pull-up reconstruction, cervical anastomosis via abdominal, left cervical and right
thoracotomy incisions
|
Japan, 2008 (14)
|
Male/61
|
Mild epigastralgia
|
|
|
A submucosal tumor with a smooth and mildly
red surface mucosa in the proximal third of the esophagus
|
A hypoechoic lesion
originating from the muscularis mucosae with
a clear margin
|
Chromoendoscopy with iodine staining: non-staining area
|
|
Leiomyoma with overlying SCC
|
Proximal third of the esophagus
|
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
|
Iran, 2009 (15)
|
Male/47
|
Progressive dysphagia and epigastric pain and about 20 kg weight loss.
|
|
|
A depressed area with
uneven and irregular border
|
|
|
|
Several leiomyomas, the largest of which was covered by malignant SCC.
|
|
Laparotomy, transhiatal esophagectomy, cervical esophagastrostomy (Orringer), and bilateral
chest tube insertion
|
Japan, 2009 (16)
|
Male/65
|
Asymptomatic
|
Heavy smoking and alcohol consumption
|
Negative
|
An esophageal tumor in the middle thoracic esophagus
|
Hypoechoic
tumor in the muscularis mucosae covered with
intraepithelial layer indicative of leiomyoma
|
Chromoendoscopy with iodine staining: non-staining area
|
Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI): dilated and elongated intrapapillary capillary loop
(IPCL), indicated intraepithelial
carcinoma
|
Leiomyoma with overlying SCC
|
Middle third of the esophagus
|
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
|
Turkey 2012 (4)
|
Male/44
|
Weight loss
and dysphagia for two month
|
Negative
|
Negative
|
A tumoral mass with a partially
irregular surface in the distal third of the esophagus
|
|
CT scan of the thorax and abdomen: minimally diffuse esophageal wall enlargement
in a 5 cm segment of the distal esophagus with no lymph
node involvement or distant metastasis
|
|
SCC infiltrated to the submucosa and two separated leiomyoma along with five reactive and three metastatic lymph nodules.
|
Distal third of the esophagus
|
Distal esophagectomy and an esophagogastrostomy together with a laparotomy and thoracotomy (Ivor-Lewis approach)
|
Japan, 2013 (17)
|
Female/75
|
Esophageal tumor at health
checkup
|
|
hyperglycemia and osteoporosis
|
A
submucosal tumor, measuring 5 x 4 mm in
diameter, 20 cm from the incisors
|
|
|
|
Coexistence of esophageal SCC in situ
(high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) overlying
leiomyoma
|
|
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
|
South Korea, 2014 (18)
|
Male/53
|
Esophageal tumor at health
checkup
|
|
|
An elevated mass, 1.8 cm in diameter, with irregular central small erosion in the upper thoracic esophagus.
|
|
Chromoendoscopy with iodine staining: non-staining area
|
|
Squamous cell carcinoma in
situ overlying submucosal leiomyoma
|
Proximal third of the esophagus
|
Subtotal esophagectomy
|
South Korea, 2015 (1)
|
Male/66
|
Esophageal tumor at health
checkup
|
|
|
A protruding mass that measured 1×1 cm in diameter and was located 25 cm from the upper incisors.
|
A hypoechoic and homogeneous lesion that originated from the muscularis mucosa (MM) below the epithelial layer.
|
Chromoendoscopy with iodine staining: non-staining area
|
|
Squamous cell carcinoma in
situ overlying submucosal leiomyoma
|
Middle third of the esophagus
|
En bloc resection using ESD
|
Iran, 2020
|
Female/41
|
Progressive dysphagia and significant weight loss for the preceding 6 months
|
Negative
|
Negative
|
A large fungating and ulcerative mass, middle and lower third of esophagus, 25-33 cm from the upper incisors.
|
|
Chest CT scan: a 29*18 mm soft tissue fullness at middle to distal esophagus, suggestive for tumoral lesion.
|
|
Multiple leiomyomas, SCC overlying a leiomyoma
|
Middle and distal third of the esophagus
|
Extended thoracotomy, esophagectomy, gastric pull-up, pyloroplasty, cervical esophagostomy (Orringer)
|