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Research article
Yvonne Lenighan
Nestle Research Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-6072
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Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe percentages of consumption, energy contribution (6-23.9mo), and usual nutrient intakes (12-23.9mo) from complementary foods among Filipino infants and toddlers stratified by household wealth. Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories. Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants and toddlers from poor households reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, in comparison to those from the rich households who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was no difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between wealth groups in 6-11.9mo and 18-23.9mo children. Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children. Intakes of protein, fat, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E, iron and calcium were higher in 12-23.9mo children from rich households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.
Keywords
Complementary Feeding, Infants, Children, Philippines
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View the published article at BMC Nutrition.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 31 Aug, 2020
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On 20 Aug, 2020
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On 19 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 04 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jul, 2020
Version 1
Posted 30 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 29 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 22 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 10 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Mar, 2020
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On 06 Mar, 2020
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On 26 Feb, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Nutrition.
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Learn more about In Review
Research article
Yvonne Lenighan
Nestle Research Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-6072
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Nutrition.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 31 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 04 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jul, 2020
Version 1
Posted 30 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 29 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 22 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 10 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 26 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Nutrition.
Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe percentages of consumption, energy contribution (6-23.9mo), and usual nutrient intakes (12-23.9mo) from complementary foods among Filipino infants and toddlers stratified by household wealth. Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories. Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants and toddlers from poor households reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, in comparison to those from the rich households who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was no difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between wealth groups in 6-11.9mo and 18-23.9mo children. Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children. Intakes of protein, fat, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E, iron and calcium were higher in 12-23.9mo children from rich households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.
Figure 1
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