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Research article
Yvonne Lenighan
Nestle Research Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-6072
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, including those in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage consumption patterns among 6-23.9 month old Filipino infants and toddlers, by household wealth.
Methods: Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories.
Results: Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants from poor households (69%) reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, than those from rich households (42%) who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (Poor: 22%, Rich: 56%) (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was a significant difference in vegetable consumption in 12-17.9 month old children (Poor: 17%, Rich: 31%; P=0.021). Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children.
Conclusion: Milk and rice were the main dietary components in all Filipino children. However, intakes of a number of nutrients including protein, fat, vitamin B/C/D/E and iron and calcium were lower in children from poor households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.
Keywords
Complementary Feeding, Infants, Children, Philippines
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Nutrition.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 31 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2020
Version 2
Posted 15 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 04 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 29 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 22 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 10 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 26 Feb, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Nutrition.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Yvonne Lenighan
Nestle Research Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-6072
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Nutrition.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 31 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Aug, 2020
Version 2
Posted 15 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 04 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 29 Mar, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 22 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 10 Mar, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 10 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 26 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Nutrition.
Background: Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, including those in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage consumption patterns among 6-23.9 month old Filipino infants and toddlers, by household wealth.
Methods: Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories.
Results: Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants from poor households (69%) reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, than those from rich households (42%) who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (Poor: 22%, Rich: 56%) (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was a significant difference in vegetable consumption in 12-17.9 month old children (Poor: 17%, Rich: 31%; P=0.021). Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children.
Conclusion: Milk and rice were the main dietary components in all Filipino children. However, intakes of a number of nutrients including protein, fat, vitamin B/C/D/E and iron and calcium were lower in children from poor households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.
Figure 1
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