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Research Article
Rima Hajjo
Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-5425
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is expected to continue to cause worldwide fatalities until the World population develops ‘herd immunity’, or until a vaccine is developed and used as a prevention. However, the vaccine may prove ineffective due to rapid changes in viral antigenic determinants. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been recognized for its off-target beneficial effects on the immune system, therefore, can be exploited to boast immunity and protect from emerging novel viruses.
Methods: We developed a systems biology workflow capable of identifying small-molecule antiviral drugs and vaccines that can boast immunity and impact a wide variety of viral disease pathways to protect from the fatal consequences of emerging viruses.
Results: We show that BCG affect the production and maturation of naïve T cells, which results in enhanced long-lasting trained innate immune responses to tackle novel viruses. Our workflow identified small-molecule BCG mimics, including antiviral drugs such as raltegravir and lopinavir as high confidence hits. Strikingly, top hits emetine and lopinavir were validated to inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
Conclusions: Our results provide systems biology support for using BCG and small-molecule BCG mimics as a protection measure from the lethal consequences of emergent viruses including SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords
BCG vaccine, BCG mimics, COVID-19, innate immunity, SARS-CoV-2, systems biology.
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This is a preprint. It has not completed peer review.
Research Article
Rima Hajjo
Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-5425
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 14 Jul, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is expected to continue to cause worldwide fatalities until the World population develops ‘herd immunity’, or until a vaccine is developed and used as a prevention. However, the vaccine may prove ineffective due to rapid changes in viral antigenic determinants. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been recognized for its off-target beneficial effects on the immune system, therefore, can be exploited to boast immunity and protect from emerging novel viruses.
Methods: We developed a systems biology workflow capable of identifying small-molecule antiviral drugs and vaccines that can boast immunity and impact a wide variety of viral disease pathways to protect from the fatal consequences of emerging viruses.
Results: We show that BCG affect the production and maturation of naïve T cells, which results in enhanced long-lasting trained innate immune responses to tackle novel viruses. Our workflow identified small-molecule BCG mimics, including antiviral drugs such as raltegravir and lopinavir as high confidence hits. Strikingly, top hits emetine and lopinavir were validated to inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
Conclusions: Our results provide systems biology support for using BCG and small-molecule BCG mimics as a protection measure from the lethal consequences of emergent viruses including SARS-CoV-2.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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