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Research article
Yongxing Sun
Capital Medical University Sanbo Brain Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-1601
License:
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Objective This study aimed to evaluate effects of vagal nerve stimulation on postoperation cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Material and Methods: A total of 33 male SD rats were ssigned randomly to three groups, the control group, the s group and sv group. Behavior and memory were evaluated by Open Field Test and Morris Water Maze. The cytokines level were measured by ELISA. The TNF-α protein in hippocampal zone were assessed by Western blotting. qPCR was used to detected the mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus. Results: During the anesthesia/operation, the vital life signs of rats were stable. In SV group, vagal nerve stimulation could decrease heart rate lower than 10% of basic level and kept it at a stable range by regulation of stimulation intensity. After stimulation stop, the heart rate would return to the basic level again. This indicated that the model of vagal nerve stimulation was successful. The serum inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-6 increased by the operation/anesthesia, but these cytokines could be decreased by the vagal nerve stimulation (all P<0.05). The level of TNF-α protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus were also eliminated by the vagal nerve stimulation compared to S group (P<0.05). The Morris Water Maze results showed the escape latency of postoperation in the S group was significantly longer than the C group (P<0.05), and the times of crossing platform in the S group was lower than that of the C group (P<0.05). Although the escape latency of postopration in the SV group was shorter than that of the S group, there was no significant difference between two groups. There were no significant differences in behavior test by Open Field test between three groups. Conclusion The inflammation caused by the operation and general anesthesia was an important reason of postoperation cognitive dysfunction, and electric vagal nerve stimulation could inhibit this inflammation. Meanwhile, vagal nerve stimulation could ameliorate postoperation cognitive dysfunction partly, but the protective effects were not enough and should be studied and improved in the future.
Keywords
vagus nerve stimulation, cognitive dysfunction, inflammation, general anesthesia
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Anesthesiology.
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Submission checks complete
On 14 Nov, 2019
Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 30 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 30 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 29 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 29 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 24 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 11 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Aug, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Aug, 2019
Editor invited
On 02 Apr, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Apr, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Feb, 2019
Version 1
Posted 26 Feb, 2019
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 17 Mar, 2019
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Mar, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 10 Mar, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Feb, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Feb, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Feb, 2019
Editor invited
On 25 Feb, 2019
Editor assigned
On 25 Feb, 2019
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Anesthesiology.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Yongxing Sun
Capital Medical University Sanbo Brain Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-1601
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Anesthesiology.
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 14 Nov, 2019
Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 30 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 30 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 29 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 29 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 24 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 11 Sep, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Aug, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Aug, 2019
Editor invited
On 02 Apr, 2019
Editor assigned
On 02 Apr, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Feb, 2019
Version 1
Posted 26 Feb, 2019
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 17 Mar, 2019
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 17 Mar, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 10 Mar, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Feb, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 26 Feb, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Feb, 2019
Editor invited
On 25 Feb, 2019
Editor assigned
On 25 Feb, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Internal Medicine Specialties
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Anesthesiology.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate effects of vagal nerve stimulation on postoperation cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Material and Methods: A total of 33 male SD rats were ssigned randomly to three groups, the control group, the s group and sv group. Behavior and memory were evaluated by Open Field Test and Morris Water Maze. The cytokines level were measured by ELISA. The TNF-α protein in hippocampal zone were assessed by Western blotting. qPCR was used to detected the mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus. Results: During the anesthesia/operation, the vital life signs of rats were stable. In SV group, vagal nerve stimulation could decrease heart rate lower than 10% of basic level and kept it at a stable range by regulation of stimulation intensity. After stimulation stop, the heart rate would return to the basic level again. This indicated that the model of vagal nerve stimulation was successful. The serum inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-6 increased by the operation/anesthesia, but these cytokines could be decreased by the vagal nerve stimulation (all P<0.05). The level of TNF-α protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus were also eliminated by the vagal nerve stimulation compared to S group (P<0.05). The Morris Water Maze results showed the escape latency of postoperation in the S group was significantly longer than the C group (P<0.05), and the times of crossing platform in the S group was lower than that of the C group (P<0.05). Although the escape latency of postopration in the SV group was shorter than that of the S group, there was no significant difference between two groups. There were no significant differences in behavior test by Open Field test between three groups. Conclusion The inflammation caused by the operation and general anesthesia was an important reason of postoperation cognitive dysfunction, and electric vagal nerve stimulation could inhibit this inflammation. Meanwhile, vagal nerve stimulation could ameliorate postoperation cognitive dysfunction partly, but the protective effects were not enough and should be studied and improved in the future.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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