[1] Ferguson, J.F.; Phillips, C.M.; McMonagle, J.; et al. NOS3 gene polymorphisms are associated with risk markers of cardiovascular disease, and interact with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211(2):539-44.
[2] World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Diseases. Available online: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular diseases/en/ (accessed on 1 March 2018).
[3] Shengshou H, Runlin G, Lisheng L, et al. Chinese cardiovascular disease report 2018. Chinese Circulation Journal 2019, 34(3):209-220.
[4] Xiaoyun W, Qing Z, Yanrong Z. New developments of multilevel models. Journal of Mathematical Medicine 2003, 16(2):152-154.
[5] Gou L, Juying Z, Min W. Application of multilevel statistical models in toxicological research. Chinese Journal of Health Statistics 2002,19:371-372.
[6] Hongyan R, Xia W, Cao W, GonghuanY. Spatiotemporal variations in cardiovascular disease mortality in China from 1991 to 2009. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2019) 19:159.
[7] Ganshen Z, Chuanhua Y, Maigeng Z, Lu W, et al. Burden of Ischaemic heart disease and attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2015: findings from the global burden of disease 2015 study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2018) 18:18.
[8] Yang G, Hu J, Rao K.Q, Ma, J, et al. Mortality registration and surveillance in China: History, current situation and challenges. Popul. Health Metr. 2005, 3, 3.
[9] Zhou M, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Wu F. Adjustment and representativeness evaluation of national disease surveillance points system. Ji Bing Jian Ce 2010, 25, 239–244.
[10] Maigeng Z, Linhong W, Shiwei L, Yichong L, Lijun W, et al. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990–2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2016, 387(10015):251-72.
[11] Yang GH, Zheng XW, Wang LS, et al. select of DSP points in second stage and their presentation. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 1992,13(4): 197-201.
[12] Li Y, Wang L, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Wang L. Risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases in women in China: surveillance efforts. Bull World Health Organ 2013; 91(9):650–660.
[13] Leyland AH, Goldstein H. Multilevel Modelling of Health Statistics. Wiley: Chichester, 2001.
[14] Merlo J, Chaix B, Ohlsson H, Beckman A, et al. A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: Using measures of clustering in multilevel logistic regression to investigate contextual phenomena. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2006, 60, 290–297.
[15] Browne W. J, Subramanian S. V, Jones K, Goldstein H. Variance partitioning in multilevel logistic models that exhibit overdispersion. J. R. Statist. Soc. A 2005: 599–613.
[16] Merlo J, Yang M, Chaix B, et al. A brief conceptual tutorial on multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: investigating contextual phenomena in different groups of people. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:729–736.
[17] Rasbash J, Steele F, Browne W, Goldstein H, et al. A user’s guide to MLwiN version 2.33. London: Multilevels Models Project, Institute of Education, University of London, 2004:134-36.
[18] Cui Y, Zhu Q, Lou C, Gao E, Cheng Y, Zabin LS, Emerson MR. Gender differences in cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among adolescents and young adults in Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei. J Int Med Res 2018,46(12):5257-5268.
[19] Jibin T, Xiumin Z, Weihua W, Peng Y, Xiaomin G, Maigeng Z. Smoking, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease mortality in a large cohort of Chinese men with 15 years follow-up. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018,15:1026.
[20] Li W, Gu H, Teo KK, Bo J, Wang Y, et al; PURE China Investigators. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 115 rural and urban communities involving 47 000 people from China. J Hypertens 2016, 34(1): 39-46.
[21] Zhang X, Khan AA, Haq EU, Rahim A, et al. Increasing mortality from ischemic heart disease in China from 2004 to 2010: disproportionate rise in rural areas and elderly subjects. 438 million person-years follow-up. European Heart Journal – Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes 2017, 3:47–52.
[22] Maigeng Z, Linhong W, Shiwei L, Yichong L, Lijun W, et al. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990–2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2016, 387(10015): 251-72.
[23] Alexandra N. Nowbar, Mauro Gitto James P. Howard, Darrel P. Francis, et al. Mortality from ischemic heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2019,12:e005375.
[24] Daniel T.Laekland,Edward J.Roece U, et al. Factors influencing the decline in stroke mortality:A statement from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.Stroke 2014,45(1):315-53.
[25] Lv J, Yu C, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang L, et al; China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group. Adherence to healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese population. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017,69(9):1116-1125.
[26] Rajeev G, Salim Y. Challenges in management and prevention of ischemic heart disease in low socioeconomic status people in LLMICs. Gupta and Yusuf BMC Medicine 2019,17:209.
[27] Javier Fontecha, Maria Visitación Calvo, et al. Milk and dairy product consumption and cardiovascular diseases: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. AdvNutr 2019,10:S164–S189.
[28] Victoria Miller, Andrew Mente, Mahshid Dehghan. Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2017,390:2037–49.
[29] Weiwei C, Hui S, Liyuan M. Current situation and progress of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral-Vascular Disease 2016, 16(2):79-83.
[30] Jiae Shin,I Dongwoo Ham, Sangah Shin, Seul Ki Choi, Hee-Young Paik, Hyojee Joung. Effects of lifestyle-related factors on ischemic heart disease according to body mass index and fasting blood glucose levels in Korean adults. PLoS ONE 2019,14(5): e0216534.
[31] Chang Hee Kwon, Jeonggyu Kang, Ara Cho, et al. Optimal target blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in low-risk younger hypertensive atients. American Journal of Hypertension 2019, 32(9): 833-841.
[32] Joon Ho Moon, Bo Kyung Koo, Min Kyong Moon. Optimal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol cutoff for predicting cardiovascular disease: Comparison of the Korean and US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2015, 9:334–342.
[33] Simone Visbjerg Møller, Harald Hannerz, Åse Marie Hansen, et al Multi-wave cohort study of sedentary work and risk of ischemic heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health 2016,42(1):43–51.
[34] Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2015, 162(2):123-32.
[35] Zhixiong Z, Zenong Y, Binsheng Y, et al. Relationship between sedentary and less active behavior and cardiovascular risk factors in working population. National Sports Science Conference 2015:738-739.